Reproductive pattern of the sea cucumber holothuria atra jaeger echinodermata holothuroidea of Karwar coast Karnataka India (original) (raw)
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Aquaculture International, 2008
The annual reproductive cycle of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera was studied in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India, from September 2000 to October 2001, by macroscopic and microscopic examination of gonad tubule, gonad index and histology of gametogenic stages, to determine the spawning pattern. The gonad consists of long tubules with uniform development. It does not confirm the progressive tubule recruitment model described for other holothurians. The maximum percentage of mature animals, gonad and fecundity indices, tubule length and diameter, with the observations on gonad histology, ascertained that H. spinifera had the peak gametogenic activity
Reproductive biology of the sea cucumber Holothuria sanctori (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
Scientia Marina, 2011
The reproductive biology of the sea cucumber Holothuria sanctori was studied over 24 months (February 2009 to January 2011) at Gran Canaria through the gonad index and a combination of macro-and microscopic analysis of the gonads. Holothuria sanctori showed a 1:1 sex ratio and a seasonal reproductive cycle with a summer spawning: the mean gonad index showed a maximum (3.99±0.02) in summer (June-July) and a minimum (0.05±0.04) between late autumn (November) and early spring (March). Females had significantly wider gonad tubules than males. First maturity occurred at a size of 201 to 210 mm, a gutted body weight of 101 to 110 g and a total weight of 176 to 200 g. Holothuria sanctori shows a typical temperate species reproduction pattern. These results could be useful for managing current extractions of H. sanctori in the Mediterranean and in case a specific fishery is started in the eastern Atlantic region.
Reproductive Biology of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria mammata (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
Biology
Holothuria mammata is one of the most valuable species of sea cucumber, as well as one of the main target species harvested in the Mediterranean and NE-Atlantic regions. This study aims to describe the reproductive cycle of H. mammata in a coastal area of southwest Portugal. Monthly samplings were carried out for 19 months, with the concomitant collection of environmental data and biometric data. H. mammata had a sex ratio of 1:1.2 (male:female) and a size at first maturity of 142 mm for males and 167 mm for females. The gonadosomatic index (GI) peaked between April and May for both sexes. Gonad development started when days had a shorter photoperiod (9 to 13 h of sunlight) and lower seawater temperature (<15 °C), and spawning occurred later, with longer photoperiod (13 to 15 h of sunlight) and higher seawater temperature (>15 °C) and chlorophyll-a concentrations. The development of new studies to increase the biological and ecological knowledge of the populations of H. mammat...
Marine Biology, 2003
The reproductive status of the holothuroid species Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867) and Holothuria mexicana (Ludwig, 1875) was studied over 16 months in Bocas del Toro (Panama), from November 1999 to February 2001. Sexual reproduction was evaluated by the gonad index method, and by histology of gonad development. In addition, population structure was assessed based on sex ratio, minimum reproductive size, and length and weight distributions of males and females. The sex ratio in both species was 1:1, with a unimodal population distribution composed mainly of mature individuals. The minimum reproductive length and weight were 13–20 cm and 150 g, respectively, for both species, although reproductive individuals 10 cm in length were also found. A consistently higher gonad index was observed in H. mexicana, due to a high proportion of mature females and males and high gonad indices in most monthly samples. Gametogenesis and spawning patterns seemed to occur throughout the year, with periods of enhanced activity. Two periods of maximum reproductive activity were tentatively identified: July–November for I. badionotus and February–July for H. mexicana, but neither species had a single, sharply defined annual spawning event. Further work on these exploited holothuroids should examine the relationships between reproduction and environmental factors and between reproductive status and recruitment.
2012
As each new species evolved, the ossicles changed with it, so each species has uniquely shaped ossicles. Examination of gross morphology and microscopic ossicles showed that this species is Holothoria atra. Color uniformly black or dark brown; when alive body usually covered with sand coating of sand which may also serve to keep it cool by protecting it from the sun's rays. , except for several pairs bare patches dorsally; tables with reduced but sometimes spinose disc. The importance of detailed reproductive biological studies on Holothuria atra are necessary due to its important role in the conservation of the marine environment. This species found on subtidal sand and grassbed, 3to 4 m depth at Kish Island. Distributed throughout most of the tropical Indo-Pacific area. Holothoria atra, is a holothurian of order Aspidochirotes belonging to the family Holothuriidae genus Holothuria. It is deposit-feeder and is mainly found on sandy bottom of fringing reefs surrounding the Kish ...
2020
To estimate the growth parameters, the non-seasonal von Bertalanffy and Hoenig seasonal von Bertalanffy models were fitted to the length frequency data of Holothuria pardalis and H. verucosa obtained from coastal areas of Karachi during January and December 2018. The Hoenig seasonal von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated as L∞ = 18.0 cm total length (TL), K = 1. 00 year-1 for H. pardalis and as L∞ = 18.0 cm TL, K = 0.86 year-1 for H. verrucosa. H. verrucosa individuals reached 68.9% of their maximum total length at the one year old class. For H. pardalis it was calculated as 54.2%. The seasonal oscillation in growth rate for H. pardalis (C = 0.90) was larger than it was for H. verrucosa (C = 0.18). The slowest period of growth corresponded to June in H. verrucosa and February in H. pardalis may be the result of the extended both reproduction and poor nutrition periods due to high rainfall regime. The relatively high growth rate (K) of these species may have important impli...
The first official records of the exploitation of Holothuria scabra in Oman were reported around 10 years ago. Unfortunately, the population of this exploited stock followed the same rapid decline as most exploited population of this sea cucumber elsewhere. H. scabra has always been part of the traditional exploitation of the benthos in Ghubbat Hashish of Mahout Bay but the foreign demand for the product overseas has put increased pressure on the resource and led to overfishing. To fill the need for a management strategy as well as to establish the background studies necessary to assess the aquaculture potential of this species in Oman, it was thus necessary to assess its reproductive biology. The reproductive cycle of H. scabra population in Mahout was determined from monthly variations of the gonad somatic index based on dry weight relationships. Its reproductive status was examined from October 2008 to May 2010 with 15-30 individuals collected monthly. An annual period of reproduction was observed during late spring (pre-monsoon period) when a peak of GI index was recorded at 12% and 9% in April 2009 and 2010, respectively. The size at first maturity was estimated at 16.5 cm which corresponds to approximately 600 g fresh weight. The spawning appeared to be correlated to high temperature and precipitation which both may serve as exogenous cues for H. scabra gamete release. The application of this study in fisheries management and aquaculture is discussed.
Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences, 2018
Accurate measurements of weight and length in sea cucumbers are difficult due to body wall elasticity. The compound indices that combine different biometric parameters can be utilized to obtain more precise biometric relationships. We estimated parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth functions like K, L∞ and t 0 in Holothuria arenicola. Total length, total weight and gutted weight were measured. A compound index in which the length and width were combined to produce the SLW index (square root of length multiplied by width) and its associated transformation like Le (recalculated length) were evaluated and the morphometric relationships between total weight/total length, gutted weight/ total length, total weight/recalculated length and gutted weight/recalculated length were also investigated. Student's t-test showed that H. arenicola grows allometrically (b not equal to 3, P < 0.05), with negative allometric tendency. No difference was found in total body length and recalculated length of an anesthetized sea cucumber in present study. The estimated natural mortality of H. arenicola found as low as compared to other species of sea cucumber which showed that this species may be more resistant to predation. Furthermore, these results are potentially significant to progress aquaculture systems for this and other comparable sea cucumber species in subtropical ecosystems.