15+ MILLION TOP 1% MOST CITED SCIENTIST 12.2% AUTHORS AND EDITORS FROM TOP 500 UNIVERSITIES Control Strategies for Variable-speed Fixed-pitch Wind Turbines (original) (raw)
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Adaptive control of variable speed wind turbines
2001
This paper discusses the development of an adaptive feedback linearisation controller for a variable speed wind turbine. The controller provides an adaptive estimate of the turbine shaft torque. A feedback linearisation controller utilises the torque estimate to provide a torque reference for a field oriented squirrel cage induction machine. The induction machine is connected through a gearbox to the turbine shaft. The feedback linearisation controller ensures that a linear relationship is maintained between the turbine speed and an additional user defined input. The additional input is designed using linear control theory to provide stable error dynamics and speed tracking. The speed reference for the controller is a function of the wind speed and is chosen to ensure maximum energy capture from the wind for varying wind conditions. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of such a controller in capturing maximum available energy from the wind.
Comparison of speed control strategies for maximum power tracking in a wind energy conversion system
2010
This paper presents two different variable-speed control strategies to obtain the maximum power from wind turbines (WT). The two control strategies are composed by three regulators, which may be based on linear or nonlinear controllers. The first control strategy is composed of three standard proportional-integral (PI) regulators. The PI controllers are tuned for a specific operation mode. However, since the system is nonlinear, for different operating conditions, the values of the PI parameters may not be optimal. The second control approach includes a nonlinear (fuzzy) controller to compensate for the nonlinearity of the WT, to achieve improved speed performance under different operating points. The proposed control strategy uses a fuzzy controller and two standard PIs. The results show that in most cases the fuzzy controller obtains superior performance to that of the standard PI-based solution.
Recent developments of control strategies for wind energy conversion system
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016
Renewable energy technique is gaining more interest due to increasing demand and threat zero carbon foot prints. The energy from wind has a high potential as a source of energy. The growing demand of wind energy tends to produce a quality output power in terms of grid integration. An appropriate controller is required to control the power produce by the wind energy. A decent number of research publications reports had reviewed maximum power point tracking (MPPT), grid side controller (GSC) and machine side controller (MSC) associated with wind energy conversion system (WECS). However survey on pitch angle based control has not been focused exclusively in any such reviews. A concise review of pitch angle controller, maximum power extraction control and grid synchronisation controller is analysed in this paper. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive review of overall control strategies for wind energy conversion control. The review paper is intended to provide a suitable reference for further research in the field of wind energy.
Journal of Automation and Systems Engineering, 2017
In this paper, we introduce two new controllers based on adaptive fuzzy systems. The first controller in known as the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller and works up to the rated wind speed and controls the wind turbine generator torque. The second is the pitch controller that kicks on above the rated wind speed and regulates power at rated levels while mitigating fatigue loading on the turbine structure. Both are fuzzy-logic-based controllers that have the capability to adaptively tune their rule bases online. The change in the fuzzy rule base is done using a variable structure direct adaptive control algorithm to achieve the pre-defined control objectives. The adaptive nature of the proposed controller significantly reduces the rule base size and im-proves its performance. The previous statement is verified through three levels of testing. The first level is Model-In-the-Loop (MIL) MATLAB/SIMULINK extensive simulations, with the performance results get compared to that of a carefully tuned Pro-portional-Integral-Differential (PID) controller. The second level of testing is through Software-In-the-Loop (SIL) testing using the same use cases. The last level is the Processor-In-the-Loop (PIL) experimental tests using a Texas Instruments TMS320F28335 digital signal processing board.
Experimental evaluation of wind turbines maximum power point tracking controllers
Energy Conversion and Management, 2006
Wind energy technology has experienced important improvements this last decade. The transition from fixed speed to variable speed wind turbines has been a significant element of these improvements. It has allowed adapting the turbine rotational speed to the wind speed variations with the aim of optimizing the aerodynamic efficiency. A classic controller that has slow dynamics relative to the mechanical dynamics of the drive train is implemented in commercial wind turbines. The objective of the work related in this paper has been to evaluate the implementation, on a test bench, of a controller whose dynamics can be adjusted to be faster and to compare in particular its aerodynamic efficiency with the conventional controller. In theory, the higher dynamics of the non-classic controller has to lead to a better efficiency. A 180 kW wind turbine whose simulation model has been validated with field data is emulated on an 18 kW test bench. The emulator has also been validated. Test bench trials are a very useful step between numerical simulation and trials on the real system because they allow analyzing some phenomena that may not appear in simulations without endangering the real system. The trials on the test bench show that the non-conventional controller leads to a higher aerodynamic efficiency and that this is offset by higher mechanical torque and electric power fluctuations. Nevertheless, the amplitudes of these fluctuations are relatively low compared to their rated values.
A Review of Control Techniques for Wind Energy Conversion System
International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation
Wind energy is the most efficient and advanced form of renewable energy (RE) in recent decades, and an effective controller is required to regulate the power generated by wind energy. This study provides an overview of state-of-the-art control strategies for wind energy conversion systems (WECS). Studies on the pitch angle controller, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, the machine side controller (MSC), and the grid side controller (GSC) are reviewed and discussed. Related works are analyzed, including evolution, software used, input and output parameters, specifications, merits, and limitations of different control techniques. The analysis shows that better performance can be obtained by the adaptive and soft-computing based pitch angle controller and MPPT controller, the field-oriented control for MSC, and the voltage-oriented control for GSC. This study provides an appropriate benchmark for further wind energy research.