Optimal Design of the Electrical Layout of an Offshore Wind Farm Applying Decomposition Strategies (original) (raw)

Optimizing the Layout of Offshore Wind Energy Systems

Marine Technology Society Journal, 2008

Offshore wind energy technology is a reality in Europe and is poised to make a significant contribution to the U.S. energy supply in the near future as well. The layout of an offshore wind farm is a complex problem involving many trade-offs. For example, energy production increases with turbine spacing, as do electrical costs and losses. Energy production also increases with distance from shore, but so do O&M (operations and maintenance), foundation, transmission, and installation costs. Determining which of these factors dominates requires a thorough understanding of the physics behind these trade-offs, can lead to the optimal layout, and helps lower the cost of energy from these farms. This paper presents the results of a study carried out to investigate these trade-offs and to develop a method for optimizing the wind farm layout during the micrositing phase of an offshore wind energy system design. It presents a method for analyzing the cost of energy from offshore wind farms as ...

Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimization (OWFLO) Project: Preliminary Results

44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 2006

Optimizing the layout of an offshore wind farm presents a significant engineering challenge. Most of the optimization literature to date has focused on land-based wind farms, rather than on offshore farms. Typically, energy production is the metric by which a candidate layout is evaluated. The Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimization (OWFLO) project instead uses the levelized production cost as the metric in order to account for the significant roles factors such as support structure cost and operation and maintenance (O&M) play in the design of an offshore wind farm.

Offshore wind farm electrical design using a hybrid of ordinal optimization and mixed-integer programming

Wind Energy, 2014

Electrical layout design is, for offshore wind farms (OWF), a complex problem that has a far-reaching impact on both plant cost and reliability. A full optimization of the layout, as opposed to just selecting the most favorable pre-established configuration, is required in order to capture all the potential efficiencies. However, classical optimization methods such as mixed-integer programming (MIP) might not be applicable to large OWFs. This paper describes a novel combination of ordinal optimization (OO) and MIP that is able to deal with large problems in reduced computation times with a statistical optimality guarantee. The algorithm is applied to a real case study taken from Barrow Offshore Wind Farm in the East Irish Sea.

Algorithms for Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimization

Wind Engineering, 2008

Offshore wind energy is positioned to facilitate substantial growth in wind energy production, but further reductions in the cost of energy will strengthen its ability to compete directly with other energy generating technologies. One simple solution is the optimal use of current technologies. To this end, this study investigates the use of optimization algorithms for offshore wind farm micrositing. First, a discussion is given of five different types of optimization algorithms: gradient search, heuristic, pattern search, simulated annealing, and evolutionary algorithms. The relevance of each algorithm to wind turbine micrositing is then evaluated by considering two separate objectives: minimization of the levelized production cost and maximization of the energy production. The genetic and greedy heuristic algorithms are further evaluated through the use of design simulations. Finally, these algorithms are employed to optimize the layout of a potential, real-world offshore wind farm near Hull, Massachusetts.

A New and Efficient Method for Optimal Design of Large Offshore Wind Power Plants

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000

This work addresses the problem of the optimal micro-siting of the wind turbines in large offshore wind power plants with the aim of maximizing the economic profitability of the project. To achieve this goal it is first necessary to estimate the required investment and, secondly, the yearly operation and maintenance costs as well as the yearly income resulting from the operation of the wind power plant over its life span. With this purpose, a complete and realistic model of economic behavior for offshore wind farms has been developed.

Optimization and Reliability Evaluation of an Offshore Wind Farm Architecture

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2017

This paper presents an original approach aiming to obtain the optimum configuration of an offshore wind farm (OWF). Thanks to cost models, we take into account the costs off all the parts of the electrical network. The optimization platform, based on a genetic algorithm, also allows us to evaluate the reliability of an offshore wind farm (OWF). This approach is used to compare the topologies obtained in different cases on a real OWF, the "Banc de Guerande". The selected design of the OWF is compared to results obtained using different methods: cost optimization, or both cost and reliability optimization. The optimization results show that the ring topologies give interesting results if the total cost including the expected energy not supplied (EEN S) during the lifetime of the offshore wind farm are taken into account. The number of offshore substations and their positions are also considered in the optimization: we show that the introduction of more substations in order to obtain better performances is possible at a reasonable cost. The presented optimization tool can help to design such farms taking into account several constraints.

Application of an offshore wind farm layout optimization methodology at Middelgrunden wind farm

Ocean Engineering

This article explores the application of a wind farm layout evaluation function and layout optimization framework to Middelgrunden wind farm in Denmark. This framework has been built considering the interests of wind farm developers in order to aid in the planning of future offshore wind farms using the UK Round 3 wind farms as a point of reference to calibrate the model. The present work applies the developed evaluation tool to estimate the cost, energy production, and the levelized cost of energy for the existing as-built layout at Middelgrunden wind farm; comparing these against the cost and energy production reported by the wind farm operator. From here, new layouts have then been designed using either a genetic algorithm or a particle swarm optimizer. This study has found that both optimization algorithms are capable of identifying layouts with reduced levelized cost of energy compared to the existing layout while still considering the specific conditions and constraints at this site and those typical of future projects. Reductions in levelized cost of energy such as this can result in significant savings over the lifetime of the project thereby highlighting the need for including new advanced methods to wind farm layout design.

Realistic wind farm design layout optimization with different wind turbines types

International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering

Seeking for an appropriate design of wind farm (WF) layout constitutes a complex task in a wind energy project. An optimization approach is seriously needed to deal with this complexity, especially with current trend of large WFs area with important number of wind turbines (WTs). The present paper investigates optimization study of realistic offshore WF design layout (horns-rev1). The main objective of the current study is to design WF area that maximizes the extraction of wind power with low cost. In the first step, an optimization model using genetic algorithm with continuous layout representation is developed to look for the optimal design as a function of WTs placement. The effectiveness of such a methodology is validated and compared with the reference and irregular layout of hors-rev1 offshore WF. With the aim to analyze the impact of WTs types on WF objectives, four commercial WTs are considered in the second step. The results showed that designing WF with big WTs gives best design layout. In addition, it demonstrated that selecting WTs based uniquely on rotor diameter size is not always a good idea. It should includes as well the number of WTs that influence significantly the power production and WF cost.

Offshore wind farm electrical cable layout optimization

Engineering Optimization, 2015

This article explores an automated approach for the efficient placement of substations and the design of an inter-array electrical collection network for an offshore wind farm through the minimization of the cost. To accomplish this, the problem is represented as a number of sub-problems that are solved in series using a combination of heuristic algorithms. The overall problem is first solved by clustering the turbines to generate valid substation positions. From this, a navigational mesh pathifinding algorithm based on Delaunay triangulation is applied to identify valid cable paths, which are then used in a mixed-inter linear programming problem to solve for a constrained capacitated minimum spanning tree considering all realistic constraints. The final tree that is produced represents the solution to the inter-array cable results. This method is applied to a planned wind farm to illustrate the suitability of the approach and the resulting layout that is generated.

A Multi-Objective Optimization Framework for Offshore Wind Farm Layouts and Electric Infrastructures

Energies, 2016

This paper describes the reduced capacity of the inrush current suppressor using a matrix converter (MC) in a large-capacity wind power generation system (WPGS) with two squirrel-cage induction machines (SCIMs). These SCIMs are switched over depending on the wind speed. The input side of the MC is connected to the source in parallel. The output side of the MC is connected in series with the SCIM through matching transformers. The modulation method of the MC used is direct duty ratio pulse width modulation. The reference output voltage of the MC is decided by multiplying the SCIM current with the variable control gain. Therefore, the MC performs as resistors for the inrush current. Digital computer simulation is implemented to confirm the validity and practicability of the proposed inrush current suppressor using PSCAD/EMTDC (power system computer-aided design/electromagnetic transients including DC). Furthermore, the equivalent resistance of the MC is decided by the relationship between the equivalent resistance and the capacity of the MC. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed inrush current suppressor can suppress the inrush current perfectly.