Between public and private environment: genders in dispute (original) (raw)
Gender and Ideology: For a Marxist Critique of the Ideology of Gender
VIANA, Nildo. Gender and Ideology: For a Marxist Critique of the Ideology of Gender. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION, v. 4, p. 1-7, 2017., 2017
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issue of gender ideology in a critical and Marxist perspective. Criticism of the gender ideology is now a must, as well as present their social roots and their relationship to a particular historical period. Based on the critical analysis of the work of Joan Scott and his inspiring sources, especially Bourdieu, it seeks to show the ideological roots of gender conception. The present paper aims to discuss the issue of gender ideology. We won't do an archeology of genre term, as some have done 1 ,nor will pursue its etymological roots, nor its past uses, but only its recent use and its ideological character. The critique of gender ideology is, nowadays, a necessity as well as present its social roots and its bond with a certain historical period. Before we begin, let's clarify what we mean by ideology, since this is a polysemic term. Here we use the Marxist conception of ideology 2 , according to which it is a systematization of false consciousness, that is, a illusory thinking system. Ideology is a systematic way of false consciousness produced by the ideologists.What we term as gender ideology is the conception that places the construct 3 "gender" as a fundamental term of the analysis of the issue of women and even of society as a whole. We won't present here the most diverse works that discuss and use the construct "gender".We will elect one of the most cited and influential works on this issue for analysis, although other references are made throughout this text. It is the text of the historian Joan Scott 4 , Gender: A Usefull Category of Historical Analysis. Joan Scott presents in her text an overview of different conceptions of feminist thought and of the use of the construct (which she denominated category) genre. The various concepts are presented descriptively, with superficial observations, and the author's point of view is presented peripherally, with a minimum contribution to the discussion around the issue that is proposed to treat.In fact, this defect to take long descriptions of feminist conceptions, consisting of all or almost all of the text, is quite common and is repeated in Scott's article. She states that the term gender in its most recent use occurred among American feminists, "who wanted to insist on the fundamentally social quality of distinctions based on sex". This use was aiming to reject biological determinism that would be implicit in the use of the terms "sex" and "sexual difference". The term gender would present a relational view and would present men and women in reciprocal terms, preventing the separate study of both. But the author points out that more important than that is that gender "was a term offered by those who claimed that women's scholarship would fundamentally transform disciplinary paradigms" 5. A new methodology and epistemology would be with the term gender, giving it meaning. However, this position did not come right away: For the most part, the attempts of historians to theorize about gender have remained within tradicional social scientific frameworks, using longstanding formulations that provide universal causal explanations. These theories have been limited at best because they tend to 1 Stolke, 2004.
Throughout the historical process, in many of the different civilizations, a gender-oriented approach, such as the lack of housing of women or girls in social life, has led to ideas that transform women into nothingness in everyday life. However, for the first time in the public sphere, women's influence in the social sphere with the realization of the industrial revolution did not prevent the woman from being placed in a secondary position. The feminist movement, which advocates the denied rights of women in male-dominated societies, fills an intellectually important gap in the social sphere. On the other hand, the common goal of the feminist movements that come together to prevent women from being pushed to the second plan within the social structure is to restore the honor and pride of the oppressed woman. Especially, even though the different feminist movements that emerged after the industrial revolution tried different ways in terms of practice and method, the goal they wanted to reach was to carry the power of the woman to the public sphere with her hand. This research focuses on women's participation in the public sphere as well as their private sphere, and examines the role of women in society in the context of feminist theories with historical and contemporary headings.
The Theory of Feminism: Definition and Development
2010
During the last century, critics have felt the impact of feminist criticism which has flourished the field of literature by its combination with every other critical approach. So, this study aims at exploring the revision of the history of female experience with the great imaginative creation of Shakespeare and by female spectators, but before proceeding and as feminism begins with political agenda, it is worthier to cast lights on the development of feminism theoretically and practically so that the depiction can get a conspicuous framework and better understanding. Simply speaking, the term “feminism” is derived from the word “feminine” which is the opposite of the “masculine” that is, female versus male. Feminism, as a modern phenomenon, sails its way from the school of political reading of 1970s to reach the beach of criticism and to dig up the depths of the self; it can be defined as “the doctrine that favors more rights and activities for women in their economic, social, polit...
Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 1998
The relationship between feminist theory and historical sociology is contentious, especially in the area of state formation and macropolitics. By means of a survey of recent work on early modern European state-building and the contemporary politics of social welfare, I argue that developing fruitful approaches to these topics depends on our forging a tactical alliance between historical sociology and feminist theory: one that acknowledges, even preserves, the tensions within and between each diverse intellectual formation but insists that each can learn from the other.
The Counteractive Power of Feminism and Womanism… 61
Snapshots of the Female Ethos. Essays on Women in Drama and Culture in Africa, 2015
Women in general find a patriarchal society inimical to their total existence. With a new consciousness in the wake of the 16th century, Feminism, and later Womanism, became an all-encompassing phenomenon stirred by the need to stop unnecessary prejudice and marginalization of the women in a male dominated society. Using their wit and might coupled with the power of the pen, Feminist playwrights all over the world have changed the perception of women in the world by capturing the strengths of womanhood in their works. Although the two theories slightly differ conceptually, both theories are geared towards the nullification of negative impressions that characterise the female gender perceived to be inferior to the ‘phallus possessing gender’. This paper, therefore examines the meeting point between the underlining concept of feminism and womanism and the counteractive power of these two concepts against the demeaning portrayal of the concept of femininity. The paper also voices the concerns of these two notable playwrights amongst others, for a world whereby the image of the woman is recreated and women in general are repositioned appropriately. With primary data being Osita Ezenwanebe’s Adaugo and Stella Oyedepo’s The Rebellion of the Bumpy Chested, the method adopted is simply analytical.
Women Rights and Feminism: A Historical view
International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2022
Women"s rights and feminism aredeeply interconnected and widely designed to give the basic idea of women position in this world. Feminism largely proliferated since the last five decades as both a multidisciplinary voice advocating for the transformation of societal behaviour towards women rights and as an area for constructing new theories.Evaluating historical development of women rights is imperatively supportive indefining the scopes of feminism and the dichotomous relations among waves of feminism.It has exposed the fight and unsolvedmysteries of women"s rights movements.Women rights and feminism strived to accentuate the anticipated progress of equality and the delay in desired justice for half of humanity. Accordingly, this article reconstructs the elements along with ideas of feminism that can empower women and make them enthusiastic to standing for their human rights. The main focus of this proposed article is to provide readers with a historical overview and description of women"s rights evolution and interconnection with the term feminism and is offered for those who have a keen interest in understanding these approaches to the development of women"s rights and feminism.
Third wave feminism acknowledges the importance of socio-historical contexts with the development of women’s movements. Such an understanding must also be extended to the history of Western feminist thought as well. Using the case study of 17th Century theorist Francois Poullain de la Barre, what seems as counter-intuitive today as an argumentation for women’s liberation, Cartesian methodology aided the birth of feminist ideals in Europe, and they have lingered. Problematize, investigate, and reach a method beyond it. De Beauvoir of the Second Wave feminist movement picked up his argument structure, and reformulated it to her contemporary understandings. The questions haven’t changed, but the methodology has altered. Putting these two in conversation with one another will help us realize the underlying history in Western feminism, and reveal new answers to continuing questions that can help frame action and theory in our contemporary society. By tracing through the genealogy of these core problems, we as a discursive community can reveal a deeper philosophical understanding to our approach to gender, embodiment, and education. Understanding the shifts in argument structure and the grounds for acceptable argumentation can reveal much about how to continue open feminist discourse amongst varying worldviews, as well as a deeper, more profound understanding of the importance of historical contextualization for argumentation within any discourse.