Prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in certified and non-certified pig breeding farms in the Toledo microregion, PR, Brazil (original) (raw)
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Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira
ABSTRACT: The Triângulo Mineiro region from Minas Gerais state, is an important meat-exporting region of Brazil and data about Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs raised and slaughtered in this area are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of T. gondii in swine and establish the risk factors associated with the infection. Samples were collected from 600 pigs raised under intensive system in farms located at three different counties (Carmo do Paranaíba, Patrocínio and Perdizes). The samples were submitted to indirect hemagglutination antibody test with dilution of 1:32 and to indirect immunofluorescence antibody test with a cutoff of 1:64. The occurrence of positive pig was 3.3% (n=20) and 51.8% (n=311) respectively. A significant difference was observed between toxoplasmatic infection and factors such as lineage, animal origin, size of the farm, collective raising with others species, presence of rodents and type of water offered (p≤0.05). There wa...
Risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in domestic pig farms in Argentina
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 2022
The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in captive capuchin monkeys at a facility in the northeastern Brazil. Serum samples from 116 bearded capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus), nine blonde capuchin (Sapajus flavius), five black-capped capuchin (Sapajus apella), and four capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) were tested for T. gondii antibodies using the modified agglutination test (MAT, cutoff !25); antibodies were found in 85.3% (99/ 116) of S. libidinosus, 55.6% (5/9) of S. flavius, 80.0% (4/5) of S. apella, and 75.0% (3/4) of S. spp. The risk factors associated with T. gondii seropositivity were ingestion of raw meat [OR ¼ 4.13 (1.26; 13.50)] and old age [OR ¼ 4.90 (1.70; 14.13)]. Results indicate a very high T. gondii seropositivity in these primate populations. To minimize exposure to T. gondii raw meat should not be fed to these animals. Am. J.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2014
This study reported a serological test for Toxoplasma gondii infection in 100 pigs from 58 rural farms in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Thirty-six pigs were seropositive (IFAT ≥ 1:64). Bioassays were performed for all 36 seropositive pigs, and 17 isolates were obtained (47.2%). Seven of these isolates (41.2%) were highly pathogenic to mice, as clinical signs of acute infection were observed, and tachyzoites were found in the peritoneal exudates, livers, and lungs. The remaining 10 isolates were able to establish a chronic infection in mice, therefore, they were not highly virulent. The results of this study indicate that pork is a potential source of T. gondii transmission to humans.
Prevalence and Risk Factors ofToxoplasma gondiiin Fattening Pigs Farm from Yucatan, Mexico
BioMed Research International, 2013
The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify risk factors associated with the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in pig-fattening farms from Yucatan, Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a two-stage sampling. There were 429 pigs sampled from 39 farms randomly selected. Blood samples were collected to obtain DNA and serum. The presence of IgM and IgG antibodies was determined by indirect ELISA. Prevalence was estimated by diagnostic test. Potential risk factors to be included in a marginal logistic regression were tested by chi-square or Fisher. The prevalence of IgM and IgG was 92.5% (397/429) (CI 89.9-95.1%) and 95.8% (411/429) (CI 93.7-97.8%), respectively. Regarding PCR, a prevalence of 50.8% (218/429) (CI 45.9-55.6%) was found. The logistic regression showed an association with herd size and type of feeder (P < 0.05). The risk of a case in farms with ≤400 pigs was 27.9 times higher than in farms with >400 pigs. The manual feeder was a significant protective factor associated with the seropositive against T. gondii. Results indicate a high circulation of T. gondii in pig-fattening farms from Yucatan, finding an increased risk of infection for those farms with less than 400 animals and automatic feeders.
High level of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in pigs slaughtered in the city of São Luís, Maranhão
Revista Brasileira De Parasitologia Veterinaria, 2021
A serological, molecular and histopathological study was carried out in order to investigate occurrences of Toxoplasma gondii in pigs slaughtered with and without inspection service. Serum samples were collected from 60 pigs to detect anti-T. gondii antibody by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFAT). Tongue, masseter and diaphragm fragments were also collected for parasite DNA detection by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathological analysis. The serological results showed that 77% (44/60) of the pigs were positive. Regarding PCR, 66.67% (40/60) were positive for T. gondii. Among the tissues evaluated, the diaphragm was the one with the highest frequency of positivity (40%; 24/60), followed by the masseter (38.33%; 23/60) and tongue (33.3%; 20/60). Histopathological changes were only observed in the diaphragm, which presented inflammatory infiltrates of lymphohistiocytic and neutrophilic types. These results not only show the potential threat of T. gondii to human health, but also demonstrate the dynamic epidemiological situation of toxoplasmosis in pigs in the city of São Luís, providing support for food security regarding pigs and for T. gondii control programs in Brazil.
Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 2015
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in swine slaughtered in Iporã, Northwest Paraná state. Blood samples were obtained from 500 finishing swine. All animals were raised under intensive farming; the blood samples were analyzed using the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Animals with titers of ≥64 were considered positive for T. gondii infection. Of the tested samples, 63 (12.6%) were positive by IFAT; 58 (92.06%) of these showed titers of 64 (4.7%), with titers 256 and two (3.1%) titers of 1024. These pigs might be considered a source of T. gondii infection for humans.
Archives of Veterinary Science
Toxoplasma gondii is the etiological agent of toxoplasmosis. Serological studies have demonstrated the parasite occurrence in swine from different regions; however there are no studies that can demonstrate epidemiological status of porcine toxoplasmosis in the Brazilian state of Sergipe. The study purposes were to verify the anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies presence and identify risk factors associated with infection in pigs. An amount of 230 blood samples of pigs over four months of age from 45 farms were collected and analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied on the properties of origin of the animals to identify risk factors associated with the infection. A seroprevalence of 8.3% with the titre ranging from 64 (15/230) to 1024 (02/230) was found. Animals from the municipalities of Poço Redondo and Canindé de São Francisco showed the highest prevalences, 18.52% (5/27) and 12.90% (4/31), respectively. The seroprevalence found was considered low when compared to previous studies performed in Brazil, particularly in the northeast region. The age of slaughtered animals should be considered and positive association between the variables age and T. gondii infection was found. Most of swine sampled (194/230) were up to six months which may also influence in the seroprevalence. A low anti-T. gondii seroprevalence was observed in the present study, however it is concluded that T. gondii infection is present in pigs population. The knowledge about its frequency contributes to the establishment of strategies for disease control by appliance of prevention measures in livestock production.
Toxoplasma gondii infection in pork produced in France
Parasitology, 2016
SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of the Toxoplasma gondii parasite in pork produced in France, and to determine infection risk factors. An innovative survey was designed based on annual numbers of slaughtered pigs from intensive and outdoor farms in France. A total of 1549 samples of cardiac fluids were collected from pig hearts to determine seroprevalence using a Modified Agglutination Test. Of those, 160 hearts were bio-assayed in mice to isolate live parasites. The overall seroprevalence among fattening pigs was 2·9%. The adjusted seroprevalence in pigs from intensive farms was 3·0%; the highest in sows (13·4%); 2·9% in fattening pigs and 2·6% in piglets. Adjusted seroprevalence in fattening animals from outdoor farms was 6·3%. Strains were isolated from 41 animals and all were genotyped by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism as type II. Risk-factor analysis showed that the risk of infection was more than three times higher for outdoor pigs, and ...
The prevalence and avidity of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies in pigs from Brazil and Peru
Veterinary parasitology, 2000
Raw or inadequately cooked pork is an important source of Toxoplasma gondii infection, and the infection rate in animals used as human food, is an important risk predictor. The prevalence of this infection was estimated in 396 sera from 5-month old pigs obtained at abattoirs in São Paulo, Brazil (300) and Lima, Peru (96). The seroprevalence was higher in pigs from Peru (32.3%) as compared to Brazil (9.6%), as detected by ELISA and Western blot. Hemagglutination gave poor resolution which was not useful for the diagnosis of T. gondii infection. Specific antibody avidity is correlated with infection time, as shown in experimentally infected piglets. Using an arbitrary cut-off of 50% avidity index, Brazilian pigs were found to be more recently infected than Peruvian pigs. Pork should be considered a significant source of human T. gondii infection both in Brazil and Peru. Avidity assays could help in the detection of the time of T. gondii infection in pigs, allowing preventive management.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Pigs Reared in Intensive System from Timis County
2010
Summary To determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the study were taken 17 intensive farms with pigs belonging to multinational companies and 4 pig farms, with intensive programme, belonging to company type SC from Timis County. Serological samples were processed by ELISA technique (immunoenzymatic assay). The blood samples were collected from 100 individuals of each multinational farm, and from each farm type SC. In pig multinational farms Toxoplasma infection prevalence was 0.88%, with variations between 0 and 7%, and in pigs type SC farms, the Toxoplasma gondii infection prevalence was 1.5%, with variations between 0 and 5%.