Geopolitics of Oil (original) (raw)
Related papers
Studies in Politics and Society, 2018
The aim of the article is to investigate the problem of dependence of the Gulf countries on hydrocarbon export in the perspective of the regional security complex theory (RSCT). The assumed research hypothesis is structured as follows: the dependence on hydrocarbons export is one of the important factors that deepen the security dilemma in the Gulf. The article starts with delineating the features of the Gulf subregion, which will be followed by the analysis of the degree and effects of dependence on hydrocarbons export for the region's states. Some of them, aware of the problem caused by such a dependence have undertaken attempts to escape the pitfall of resource course with varying success. The RSCT perspective will be used consistently throughout the article to show how the reliance on gas and oil exports exacerbates regional conflicts, prevents closer cooperation and thus petrifies the inefficient and resource costly model of the distributive economy based on the external rent.
2008
petroleum sector since 1973 with a special view to interdependence between the economic and political factors that influence it. Two issues arefocused upon: (1) the effects of the nationalization ofoil companies on the sharing ofoil rents and on changes in the structure of the oil market; and (2) the determination of oil prices. The latter involves a discussion of, on the one hand, the political and economic behaviour of the United States and Saudi Arabia and, on the othr:r, the combination of cooperation and conflict that hilS tended to characterize relations among OPEC countries.
2008
International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Energy Information Administration, Cordesman (2004) concludes that the world will grow even more dependent on Middle Eastern oil, and that other areas will be important in stabilising supply, rather than providing an alternative, thus stabilising prices. This fact can imply an asymmetric analysis, dependent on the regions chosen. Here has been deliberately chosen a situation of asymmetric endowment, as it is believed that reserve size is a key variable influencing the actors' preferences. The Persian Gulf and the Caspian basin are defined by the Energy Information Administration as global energy hot spots (EIA, 2007a and 2007b). The history of oil development in the regions is characterized by a high degree of foreign involvement, in economic, political and military terms. In different periods, this phenomenon has assumed different or similar features, which will be studied and compared from both cross-regional and historical viewpoints.
Oil and political economy in the international relations of the Middle East
Introduction 82 Oil and the Consolidation of the Middle Eastern State System 84 Oil and the International Relations of the Middle East 88 Oil and Domestic Politics: The Rentier State Paradigm 91 Oil and Inter-Arab Relations 96 Conclusion 100 FURTHER READING 101 NOTES 102 OVERVIEW Oil and oil-related interests have had, and continue to have, a profound infl u-ence on the political economy of the Middle East—domestically as well as from the point of view of international relations. Indeed, it is often diffi cult to resist the temptation to conclude that practically everything is related, condi-tioned, and justifi ed by oil: hence the widespread, yet simplistic and essentially erroneous 'conspiracy theory', according to which the 'black gold' is the only value that matters. The ambition of this chapter is to offer a synthesized yet balanced view of the impact of oil: presenting the multiple ways in which oil has shaped the recent history of the Middle East, but also mak...
Oil policy at the present stage in the Near and Middle East (XX-XXI century
2019
This article deals with the role of Near and Middle Eastern oil in the world politics and the role of colonial powers. as well as the role of Middle Eastern and Middle Eastern oil in the current economic and global battleground.The oil factor began to take shape in world politics at the turn of XIX-XX centuries because of its military strategic importance of oil became. Oil diplomacy during the first world war is an important indicator of national defense, which predetermined the great powers ' keen interest in the issues of self-sufficiency in this resource
The Geopolitics Of Oil And Climate Change
2012
This paper aims to present the role of oil in today’s world, society, and economy. It is important because anything nowadays is about oil, from economy, and society, to international politics. Since the development of air and road transportation, but especially after World War II, the transfer of wealth from some countries (the consuming countries) to another countries (the producing countries) is unique in human history; and the influence of the second group of countries in world politics is very high due to this situation. Furthermore, past and present pattern of oil consumption have negative impacts upon environment and humans wellbeing. Oil used in energy generation, and especially its use in transportation makes it a resource with a strategic character. In the literature of international affairs, and international economy, oil is found in almost in every article, and book; but of course, there are books and articles focused especially upon this resource, and upon its role in wo...
Oil Geopolitics-Petroleum Distribution
The transportation of petroleum represents one of the most strategically important circulations of resources in the global economy. Its role cannot be overstated. Yet, petroleum has become a "strategically invisible" commodity as its flow was continuous with limited, but eye opening, disruptions such as the First Oil Shock of 1973. The supply of petroleum is virtually taken for granted. Since about two third of the global petroleum production is carried by maritime transportation, distribution constraints are unavoidable and involve the usage of a set of straits and passages; chokepoints of maritime circulation. This paper provides an overview of the geography of oil supply and demand as well as the strategic issues linked with its maritime circulation. Chokepoints are perceived as resources which values vary according to levels of use. As the era of petroleum dominance is coming to an end, the importance and vulnerability of strategic passages will increase. Their capacity to handle additional traffic appears to be limited, implying that future oil shocks or disruptions are likely to be more related to the challenges of its distribution.