In vitro flowering in embryogenic cultures of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour ´ C. deliciosa Tenora) (original) (raw)
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Embryogenic cultures of Kinnow mandarin (C. nobilis Lour × C. deliciosa Tenora) were raised from unfertilized ovules dissected from unopened flower buds of this plant inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L kinetin (KN). In vitro flowering was induced in these cultures by using different concentrations of KN and sucrose as well as subjecting these cultures to different photoperiods. Maximum percentage (31.94%) of cultures producing flowers and maximum number (5.58) of flowers per culture was observed on MS medium supplemented with KN (2 mg/L) and sucrose 40 g/L at 12-h photoperiod.
Somatic embryogenesis in Citrus sinensis, C. reticulata AND C. nobilis x C. deliciosa
Scientia Agricola, 2002
Most of the plant regeneration processes in citrus, through tissue culture, involve indirect somatic embryogenesis. The optimization of these processes is important for the development of in vitro plant improvement and micropropagation studies. Studies to evaluate the effect of different carbohydrates in somatic embryogenesis were conducted using calli from 'Ponkan' mandarin (Citrus reticulata, Blanco), 'Cravo' mandarin (C. reticulata), 'Itaboraí' sweet orange (C. sinensis L. Osbeck.), 'Valencia' sweet orange (C. sinensis) and 'Kinnow' mandarin (C. nobilis Loureiro x C. deliciosa Tenore). The culture medium used was MT supplemented with sucrose, galactose, glucose, maltose or lactose with the following concentrations of 18, 37, 75, 110, and 150 mM. The culture medium used for the maturation of somatic embryos had 0, 15, 29, 44, 58 and 73 mM of sucrose, in presence or absence of 0.5 g L -1 of activated charcoal. Seventy-three mM of sucrose with 0.1 mg L -1 of GA 3 in the presence or absence 0.5 g L -1 of activated charcoal was also tested. Overall, the carbohydrates galactose or lactose induced a higher number of somatic embryos. Sucrose concentrations of 58 and 73 mM generated a higher number of plantlets from mature embryos of 'Ponkan' mandarin and 'Valencia' sweet orange.
Plantlet Regeneration from Unfertilized Ovule of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)
Annual Research & Review in Biology, 2018
The genus Citrus contains numerous fresh and processed fruit cultivars that are economically important worldwide, many genotypes are amenable to somatic embryogenesis, which became a key regeneration pathway in many experimental approaches of cultivar improvement. in this objective We aime at studying the effects of various culture media on the induction and the development of citrus somatic embryos.Callus cultures were initiated from the infertlized ovules of six varieties of mandarin (Anana, Lee, Murcott, Ortanique, Temple, and Wilking) within 3 media: MT (Murashig and Tuker, 1969) without hormones, MT + 1 mg/l BAP, MT + 1 mg/l Kinetin, the experiments show a highly significant effect (P < 0.001) of the culture media and genotype. No reactivity was observed on the MT environment in the absence of growth regulator, while the culture media MT in addition to 1 mg/l BAP gave the best results of induction of embryogenic callus induction. The induction of somatic embryogenesis was obtained on MT media without hormones. For the plantlets regeneration the favorable media was MT without hormones or added to ANA and active coal.
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 2004
Somatic embryogenesis was induced and plant regeneration was obtained in 11 different genotypes of sweet orange navel group [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] from cultures of stigma/style explants and undeveloped ovules. Explants were cultured on 3 different modifications of Murashige and Skoog medium: 500 mg l-1 malt extract; 500 mg l-1 malt extract and 4.6 μM kinetin; and 500 mg l-1 malt extract and 13.3 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. Sucrose (146 mM) was used as carbon source. Somatic embryogenesis occurred 1–3 months after culture initiation from undeveloped ovule and stigma/style cultures of all the genotypes tested. Somatic embryos developed into plantlets with a high frequency (74%) after transfer to Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 146 mM sucrose and 500 mg l-1 malt extract. Plants were successfully transferred to soil.
Gametic and somatic embryogenesis through in vitro anther culture of different Citrus genotypes
Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 2015
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Somatic embryogenesis through in vitro anther culture of Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck ‘Moro’
Acta Horticulturae, 2018
In many crops, anther culture is the most used method to induce gametic embryogenesis, aimed to regenerate homozygous plants. However, also somatic embryogenesis can be obtained by this method, when somatic tissue is involved in the regeneration process. Many factors can affect this procedure, such as genotype, temperature pre-treatment applied to floral buds, pollen developmental stage, donor plant state, culture media composition and culture conditions. Anthers of Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck 'Moro', were collected at the vacuolate stage, and after a chilling (4°C) pre-treatment of 7 days, were placed on the same medium, evaluating different temperature stresses applied after placing them in culture. In this study, the effect of three thermal treatments, compared with direct in vitro culture of the anthers (after the pre-treatment of the floral buds at 4°C for 7 days), was observed in cultivar 'Moro'. Embryo regeneration has been obtained and their characterization, through ploidy and molecular analyses, showed that they were heterozygous tetraploids.
Towards an Understanding of the Manipulation of In Vitro Flowering
Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: Advances and Topical Issues Vol. IV, 2006
In vitro flowering techniques have proved very useful in the past for understanding the physiology of flower induction, but more recently they have been used as a tool for breeding purposes. Achieving flowering in vitro is dependent largely on the nature of the explant. The age of the donor plant, position on the plant from which the explant is excised and physiological status of the donor plant all influence the ease with which flowering can be achieved in vitro and the exogenous treatments required to induce flowering. Plant growth regulators have an important role to play and need to be considered in relation to external culture conditions (e.g. photoperiod) and the nature of the explant. The timing of the treatment is very important and different stages of floral development may require different exogenous treatments. In addition, the concentration of the applied growth regulator is very important as both suboptimal and supraoptimal concentrations have adverse effects on flowering. The future of these systems lies with breeding and thus more attention needs to be given to factors required for the development of reproductive structures.
Somatic embryogenesis in Citrus SPP.: Carbohydrate stimulation and histodifferentiation
in Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-plant, 2001
Somatic embryogenesis from nucellus-derived callus cultures of five cultivars, including three (Caipira, Seleta Vermelha, and Valencia) of sweet oranges (C. sinesis L. Osbeck), Rangpur lime (C. limonia L. Osbeck), and Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) (lines I and II), were studied. Callus lines maintained on MT medium supplemented with 50 g l−1 sucrose were transferred to MT medium supplemented with different carbohydrate sources: galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, or sucrose at 18, 37, 75, 110, or 150 mM, or glycerol at 6, 12, 24, 36, or 50 mM. Globular embryos were observed after approximately 4 wk, in several treatments. Cultures of Valencia and Caipira sweet oranges and Cleopatra mandarin (line I) showed high numbers of embryos on medium containing galactose, lactose, and maltose. Histological studies showed somatic embryos in all developmental stages with a normal histodiffeentiation pattern. The other two cultivars (Rangpur lime and Cleopatra mandarin, line II) formed very few embryos, which did not develop further following the globular stage. Some of the abnormalities observed were lack or dedifferentiation of protoderm and absence of apical meristems and procambial strands. Embryos that followed the normal sequence of development were easily converted into plants. Non-embryogenic cultures continued as proliferating callus cultures, eventually forming a few embryos which did not convert into plants. Statistical analyses of the callus response to carbohydrate treatments was done using an overdispersion Poisson model.
AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science, 2022
The somatic hybridization between Mandarin Satsuma (Citrus unshiu Marc.) and Siam Madu (Citrus nobilis Lour.) is expected to produce progenies having sweet seedless fruit. The research was aimed to study flowering biology, fruit and seed development to identify parthenocarpic lines derived from somatic hybridization. The research was carried out at Pacet Experimental Station of ICABIOGRAD, Cianjur, West Java (1150 m asl), during August 2019-July 2020. The research materials were 15 citrus lines derived from somatic hybridization between Mandarin Satsuma and Siam Madu, of which 5 plants (± 2 years old) per line were prepared. Observation was carried out on flowering phenology, flower morphology, fruit development, pollen viability, and stigma receptivity. Seedless fruits from un-pollinated, selfpollinated, and cross-pollinated flowers of each line were investigated. The results showed that flower morphology of the 15 citrus lines varied in the number of petals, flower diameter, pisti...
Callogenesis and plant regeneration of sweet orange cv. Washington Navel from floral organ cultures
Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology, 2020
Washington Navel orange (Citrus sinensis L.) can be infected with virus and virus like diseases that affect not only the production but also fruit quality and the plant’s longevity. For viral sanitation, Washington Navel regeneration was investigated in vitro via floral organ culture. Flowers were collected before opening from healthy Washington Navel trees kept under greenhouse. Floral organs (style/stigma and ovary) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing various plant growth regulators combinations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The highest rate of callogenesis (95%) was obtained from style/stigma explant cultures on MS medium enriched with 3 mgL-1 BAP, which also resulted in 100% rooted plantlets. Ovary cultures did not show any success on the culture medium with various plant growth regulators combinations. The acclimatization success of rooted plantlets by grafting on Citrus volkameria...