Cytotaxonomical studies on the Caltha palustris complex [Ranunculaceae] in Poland. Preliminary report (original) (raw)
Related papers
Morphological variability of the Caltha palustris L. complex (Ranunculaceae) in Poland
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2011
The paper presents results of biosystematic analysis of the critical group of <em>Caltha palustris </em>L. based on 71 populations from Poland. After a preliminary statistical analysis, fourteen morphological characters (nine quantitative and five qualitative), describing size and shape of basal leaves and mature follicles as well as stem morphology, were selected for the clearest differentiation of the complex. Several groups of morphotypes were distinguished within the complex, based on the statistical analysis of this group of characters. Against this background the taxonomy of the complex is proposed. Two species - <em>Caltha laeta </em>Schott, Nyman and Kotschy and <em>Caltha palustris </em>L. - and three subspecies within <em>C. palustris </em>(<em>C. p. </em>subsp.…
Cytology of Caltha palustris L. (Ranunculaceae) from Cold Regions of Western Himalayas
2008
Caltha palustris L. (Ranunculaceae), popularly known as Kingcup or Marsh Marigold is a polymorphic species distributed in the cold temperate regions of western Himalayas. The species exhibits considerable amount of intraspecific morphological and chromosomal diversity involving polyploidy, aneuploidy and hybridization. Besides, some individuals also show the presence of Bchromosomes. Presently three populations from the cold desert region of Kullu and Lahaul-Spiti districts of Himachal Pradesh have been studied for detailed meiotic studies. These populations which uniformly show the presence of 16 bivalents at M-I are tetraploid on xϭ8. Presence of eight large sized and eight small sized bivalents at M-I, suggest these populations to be allotetraploid. Majority of the individuals in one of the populations show normal meiotic course and high pollen fertility. However, in the other two populations, the individuals show inter PMC transfer of chromatin material at various stages of meiosis and associated meiotic irregularities such as chromosome stickiness, pycnotic chromatin, late disjunction of bivalents, micronuclei and chromatin bridges at anaphases and telophases. Besides, the chromatin migration also results in the formation of aneuploid with 8, 11 and 13 bivalents and anucleated PMCs. Although the phenomenon of cytomixis does not affect apparent pollen fertility but it surely resulted into heterogenous sized pollen grains. Although the genetic constitution and fate of such apparently fertile heterogenous sized pollen grains is yet to be ascertained, but their possible role in the development of individuals with varied chromosome number could not be ruled out. The phenomenon of chromatin transfer in the species seems to be under direct genetic control as the individuals with and without cytomixis found to grow in the same environmental conditions.
CHROMOSOME STATUS OF MARSH MARIGOLD, Caltha palustris L. (Ranunculaceae) FROM SERBIA
Marsh marigold, Caltha palustris is distributed in the moist, temperate and cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere. This species exhibits considerable amount of intraspecific chromosomal diversity involving hybridization, polyploidy, aneuploidy and B chromosomes. Karyotype analyses of three mountain populations from Serbia were done for the first time. All samples were tetraploid (based number x=8) with 2n=32. In population from mountain Tara presence of one B chromosomes was detected. Tetraploid karyotype consists of 17 median-centromeric (m), 8 submedian-centromeric (sm), 7 subterminalcentromeric (st) chromosomes and one terminal-centromeric (t) B chromosome (2n= 17m+8sm+7st+1B). Studied populations in Serbia belong to the most common cytotype for this species in Europe.
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2009
Ranunculus parnassifolius is an orophilous plant distributed throughout Central and Southwestern Europe (Alps, Pyrenees and Cantabrian Mountains). Its evolutionary history and taxonomy are often complicated, having been little studied before now. The purpose of this article is to present flow cytometry measurements and multivariate morphometric analyses to ascertain cytotype distribution patterns and the morphological differentiation of R. parnassifolius s.l. from calcareous screes in the Northwest of Spain. DNA ploidy level and morphometric analysis were determined for plants of R. parnassifolius s.l. using flow cytometry (112 individuals) and multivariate analysis (152 individuals). Specimens were collected in eight localities in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Different sample preservation methods (fresh, frozen, and herbarium specimens) were employed as well as the use of various buffers and internal standards, in order to test the reproducibility of DNA flow cytometry. Three ploidy levels were detected in the study area (diploid, tetraploid, and pentaploid), and mixed-cytotype populations were also found. The mean nuclear DNA content of the R. parnassifolius group ranged from 7.43 ± 0.185 to 7.63 ± 0.339 pg/2C in diploids and from 15.09 ± 0.161 to 15.85 ± 0.587 pg/2C in tetraploids. The analysis of the monoploid genome sizes (1Cx) did not reveal a clear difference among cytotypes. These results suggest low intraspecific variation, at least among the populations studied. In addition, a comparison of different DNA reference standards was conducted. A new value for the chicken genome size was used as internal reference standard (2C = 3.14 ± 0.155 pg), with similar results found using both animal and plant standards (Pisum sativum and Solanum lycopersicum). Finally, herbarium vouchers and frozen tissue were proved to be suitable for DNA ploidy level measurements. This study provided a first assessment of C values in the R. parnassifolius group using flow cytometry. The weak morphological distinction of the cytotypes and the existence of mixed-cytotype populations in the Northwest of Spain are reported here for the first time. The different distribution pattern of the two cytotypes is discussed.
Chromosome numbers in Aconitum sect. Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) from the Carpathians
Caryologia
Chromosome numbers for two studied taxa of sec. Aconitum from the Eastern/Southern Carpathians: A. bucoviniense Zapał. (2n = 32) and A. ×nanum (Baumg.) Simonk. (2n = 32) are given for the � rst time. The chro-Simonk. (2n = 32) are given for the �rst time. The chromosome numbers of A. firmum Rchb. subsp. firmum (2n =32), subsp. maninense (Skalický) Starmühl. (2n = 32), subsp. moravicum (2n = 32) and subsp. fissurae Nyar. (2n = 32) are con�rmed. In the case of the latest subspecies the number of the chromosomes are stated for the �rst time for the Carpathians. The geographical distribution and the hybridogenous origin of this particular taxa is discussed.
Modern Phytomorphology, 2016
Aconitum in Europe is represented by ca. 10% of the total number of species and the Carpathian Mts. are the center of the genus variability in the subcontinent. We studied the chloroplast DNA intergenic spacer trnL(UAG)-rpl32-ndhF (cpDNA) variability of the Aconitum subgen. Aconitum in the Carpathians: diploids (2n=16, sect. Cammarum), tetraploids (2n=32, sect. Aconitum) and triploids (2n=24, nothosect. Acomarum). Altogether 25 Aconitum accessions representing the whole taxonomic variability of the subgenus were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analyses. Both parsimony, Bayesian and character network analyses showed the two distinct types of the cpDNA chloroplast, one typical of the diploid and the second of the tetraploid groups. Some specimens had identical cpDNA sequences (haplotypes) and scattered across the whole mountain arch. In the sect. Aconitum 9 specimens shared one haplotype, while in the sect. Camarum one haplotype represents 4 accessions and the second – 5 acces...
2018
In order to compare the efficiency of morphological traits and molecular markers in distinguishing the Consolida species, molecular analysis using nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-trnF with maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods were done in a total of 34 species and forma representing 28 species of Consolida, 6 species of Aconitella, plus two species of Delphinium and two species of Aconitum as out groups. Beside phenetic analysis for 20 quantitative morphological traits in 17 species of Consolida in Iran are performed. The molecular analysis, based on successive reweighting by rescaled consistency index, revealed thatMaximum parsimony method and Bayesian analysis gave very similar results based on individual and combine data sets. In the combined analysis (chloroplast and nuclear DNA) recovered most parsimonious trees (L= 558 steps, CI=0.695, RI=0.827). The ITS results revealed that Consolida is not monophyletic and the genus Aconitella is clearly nested within Consolida. Our results con...