Predicative Clauses in Albanian Language (original) (raw)
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Contrastive analysis of the dependent subject clause in Albanian and English
THESIS; 2014; VOL. 3; NO. 2, 2014
During the process of foreign language learning, it often happens that students are influenced by native language rules while formulating their ideas in a foreign language, thus failing to pay due account of the fact that linguistic aspects are different in different languages. In light of this finding, this paper/presentation intends to make a contrastive analysis designed to demonstrate, both from a theoretical and practical perspective, similarities and differences between subject clauses in English and Albanian, from a syntactical point of view. Thefollowing presentation examinessome of the linguistic means used to express a subject clause in both languages; their structural typology (based on the conjugation means); the grammatical agreementsbetween the categories of number and person, both direct or otherwise, that this type of sentence establishes with the predicate of the main clause of a complex sentence; as well as its order in the complex sentence. The similarities and differences we intend tounfold in this analysisare expected to be of value to two target-groups: it shall serve English language students as an example illustrating that failure to take account of these linguistic differences in the way a sentence is formed, would result in the use of grammatically erroneous structures and, consequently, create obstacles in interlingual communication. This presentation shall also serve English language university students who may use this modest and by no means exhausting presentation, and elaborate it to a greater extent and in greater detail in their scientific papers.
The Compound and Complex Sentence: A Comparative Study of Albanian and English Syntax
World Journal of English Language, 2022
In the emerging geopolitics of the modern world, English has assumed the undisputed status of the preferred international language of communication. Thus, though cultures across the world are keen on self-preservation, allowing English to make inroads into the everyday lives of the people is a bygone conclusion. Albanian and English belong to the same language family (Indo-European) and hence share many commonalities. At the same time, they also exhibit many features of departure from the shared characteristics, and research into these is greatly significant from the language learners’ vantage. This paper has to analyse the compound and the complex sentence between English and Albanian language. Both these languages have the compound sentences. However, between the two languages, the sentences show certain similarities as well as dissimilarities. We have the contrast structure.
Basic Structural Sentence Patterns in the Albanian Language
Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 3
This paper describes and analyzes the basic structural sentence patterns in the Albanian language. The internal structure of sen-tences is determined by the verb, which serves as its predicator: the type of verb/ verb valence determines the number and type of complements, and consequently determines the minimal structure of the sentence. A verb like vdes “die”, which is monova-lent-intransitive, requires only one complement in the function of the subject to complete the sentence. Unlike vdes “die”, the bivalent verb takoj “meet” requires two complements to convey its meaning: an internal complement in the function of the direct object and an external complement in the function of the subject. Thus, the verb vdes “die” forms one of the basic sentence pat-terns in the Albanian language: S + intransitive verb, whereas the verb takoj “meet” forms another basic pattern, namely the pattern S + monotransitive verb + DO. The minimal sentence structure contains the verb together with its val...
The Nominal Clause and the Noun Phrases: A Comparative Study of Albanian and English
World Journal of English Language, 2022
The nominal clause and noun phrases in Albanian and English are in an oppositional relationship. This study makes descriptions of syntactic structure using constituent analysis between the two languages. The question that now emerges is what kind of language is implied by this type of description. Tufte (1971, p.41) rightly noted that “Noun phrases are any and all structures headed by a noun, or by a pronoun, or any other word or structure that stands in for a noun. Thus, even an entire clause may function as a noun phrase”. Furthermore, the fact that phraseological categories coexist or are "projections" of specific word-level categories demonstrates that categories are complex entities. This was originally emphasized in Harris (1951) and was expanded upon by Muysken (1985) and Chomsky (1970).
THE FUNCTION OF SIMPLE SENTENCE BETWEEN ALBANIAN AND ENGLISH
In Albanian and English we have same kind of sentences (simple, compound or complex sentence). The major of elements or constituents that can be found in clauses are subject, predicate, object, complement etc. For Albanian and English most linguists agree on the needs to recognize at least the following word classes: noun, verb, adjective, preposition, adverb, determinative and conjunction. Each of these words classes is illustrated in the sentence below. The noun or noun phrase can be subject, object, and predicate (…) in the meaning of the structure of syntax. “The kernel sentence, then, has two main parts –a subject and a predicate. The subject consists of noun phrase; the predicate consists of the verb phrase”. We may begin our inquiry into the study of syntax between Albanian and English. There are four main types of sentences: simple, compound, complex and compound complex. By the simple sentence we can see the structure between Albanian and English, too e.g. Maca e mbyeti miun. S (NP) P (VP) O (NP) The cat killed the mouse. S (NP) P (VP) O (NP) Key words: sentence, simple, compound, complex and compound complex.
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2012
This paper is focused in the period with dependent consequential sentence in the Albanian (standard) language, as is has been expressed in the second volume of the "Grammar of Albanian Language" (Syntax), publication of the Academy of Sciences of Albania, or in some other normative work. Considering it by the viewpoint of the language culture, we are of the opinion that some constructions of foreign source must be left out of the syntactic norm or must get limited in their use, eg. "Është shumë e mirë, për të qenë e vërtetë", which seems to sound unnatural, or the subtype with the connection në mënyrë që and predicate as a verb in the indicative mode. On the other hand, we are of the opinion that in the written discourse, especially in the publicity style or in the media language in general (including movies' or documentaries' translations from foreign languages), must be used more intensively the consequential periods faced more often in the popular lang...
Initial Trials of Studying the Grammatical Structure of Albanian Language
2021
The Albanian language is one of the oldest languages in the Balkans, however was documented very late, around the 15th century. The Albanian language is part of the trunk of Indo-European languages. The oldest language of this trunk is the Sanskrit language. The main and greatest writers of the time, the authors who made the first attempts to study the structure of the grammar of the Albanian language were: Lekë Matrënga, Pjetër Budi, Frank Bardhi and Pjetër Bogdani. The aim of this paper is to highlight the lexicon of old Albanian authors. Our main goal is the realization of the lexical results of the selected authors.
Word Order in English and Albanian Declarative Sentences
2019
The sub-fields of Linguistics, such as Phonetics, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics, are formally studied in isolation by linguists. However, the dependency and the correlation they have among each other is undoubtedly indisputable. This dependency is implemented in two levels, with the aim of: 1) establishing generalizations and grammar rules, at language level; 2) creating logical and coherent structures, at sentence level. At language level, we can talk about general concepts, like word order, or sentence patterns (S-P, S-P-O, S-P-SC etc.), subject verb agreement, coordination and subordination etc. At sentence level, we can talk about grammatical versus ungrammatical sentences or meaningful versus meaningless sentences. Concerning the latter, the verb, referred to as predicate in Syntax, plays a crucial role in establishing meaningful sentence patterns. More precisely, it is the meaning of the verbs which determines the verbs’ categorization as copula, intransitive, ...
Noun Phrases and Their Syntactic Functions in English and Albanian Language
2021
A phrase is a word or a group of words that may stand as a single grammatical unit. It can be part of a clause or a sentence with or without any specific meaning. Phrases are mandatory constituents of simple, complex and compound sentences. The syntax of Albanian language has an early beginning, but its development is still an ongoing process. The main issues faced by the syntax of Albanian language have been the terminology, definition and classification of grammar and syntactic units. In the syntax of Albanian language there is a constant process of codification, i.e., definition of units and syntactic categories. Our interest here is the definition of the terms <em>word-group, syntagm, phrase </em>and<em> syntactic constituent</em>. On the other hand, the term <em>phrase</em> is well defined in English language. Clear and timely classification of different types of phrases has facilitated syntactic analysis of clauses and sentences. Phrases and...