The issue of preservation of traditional rammed earth houses: current practice of presentation in Serbia and region (original) (raw)
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Facta Universitatis - Series: Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2020
Cultural heritage represents a unique and irreplaceable cultural value of a nation. Preservation and protection of cultural heritage is an important moral role of the entire modern society. The paper singles out the notion of vernacular architecture and traditional houses as a significant part of the architectural heritage. The case study includes examples of traditional houses in Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria. The current condition of buildings, their purpose, the degree of preservation, as well as the applied methods of protection are considered in more detail. By analyzing examples of positive and negative practice, conclusions were drawn about the active approach to the architectural heritage of these countries. The goal of this paper is to consider the approach to the preservation of vernacular architecture and the relationship of these countries to this form of cultural heritage. The methods used in the paper are analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, modeling method and ca...
PRESERVATION OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE IN SERBIA – AUTHENTICITY VERSUS THERMAL COMFORT ISSUES
ABpToACT qraditiçnal rural hçuses are çne çf the mçst endangered fçrms çf cultural and built heritage in perbia tçdayK A special quality çf traditiçnal architecture çf this regiçn cçuld be recçgnized in its manifçld typçlçgical diversity that is present nçt çnly in its spatial and fçrmative characteristics but alsç in variçus structures and materials that were used in their cçnstructiçnK fn the pastI materializatiçn çf this vernacular architecture was in interactiçn with nature and the cçnditiçns çf the immediate envirçnmentI especially in terms çf its climatic and geçgraphic prçpertiesK Althçugh çld rural hçuses represent the keepers çf the traditiçnI they are çften abandçned and left tç the effects çf the march çf timeI çr replaced with new buildings that dç nçt manifest any authentic regiçnal çr lçcal featuresK mrçblems related tç their prçtectiçnI preservatiçn and regeneratiçn tç a great extent cçuld be cçnnected either with prçperties çf materials used fçr their cçnstructiçnI since they are usually nçt very durableI çr with level çf hçw cçmfçrtable they are altçgetherI which is less than it is necessary fçr a cçmfçrtable life çf a cçntempçrary manK qhrçugh a review çf types and methçds çf materializatiçn çf traditiçnal rural hçuses in perbiaI as well as an analysis çf their achieved thermal perfçrmancesI this paper strives tç pçint çut the real need and çptimal pçssibilities fçr their imprçvementI with respect tç the need fçr prçtectiçn çf their integrity and authenticity during the rençvatiçn prçcessI which are basic pçstulates çf the cçntempçrary cçnservatiçn theçry and practiceK heywords:
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In the last few years, Stara planina (the Balkan Mountains) and its surroundings have been improving their tourist offer. The area is protected by law, as a nature park, and the construction of new buildings requires a complex administrative procedure. Renovation of country houses is part of the usual construction procedures and is easier to carry out. Typical renovation solutions involve application of industrial materials with significant impact on the environment from the process of their production and further on. The traditional houses found in many mountains across Serbia and the Balkans are constructed using natural materials. Hence, this paper tackles the problem of renovating such dwellings by application of natural materials to improve their usability and reduce their energy and carbon footprint. An analysis is performed on a case study model of a typical house from Stara planina. The advantages of using natural materials in the process of renovating a traditional house are analysed. By using TRNSYS software, the total amount of energy demands of the house during a typical meteorological year with four scenarios (current state, walls isolated with sheep and hemp wool panels and EPS) was simulated. These materials were further analysed for their environmental impact by means of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). In the synthesis of the research, the best results were brought into connection with the sustainable development of the architectural heritage. The results prove that natural products provide the necessary thermal comfort and have a significantly more positive impact on the environment than artificial materials. Based on this study, recommendations were created for the sustainable renovation of vernacular architecture in Serbia. The goal of the paper is to create scientific and professional evidence that local and natural materials must be used to reduce the impact of climate change and that such sustainable renovation is in accordance with modern architectural design and thermal comfort. The goal is also to fill the gap in renovation methods in Serbia, according to the principles of sustainable design.
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