Microbially Influenced Corrosion and its Control Measures: A Critical Review (original) (raw)
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If not properly managed, microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) may have significant economic, safety, health, or environmental consequences for a wide range of industries. Microbes can actively participate in the corrosion processes and affect their thermodynamics and kinetics; interfere in the electrochemical reactions at the anode, at the cathode, or both; and alter the metal/solution interface and the redox potential of the substratum via a host of often interrelated mechanisms. Over the last two to three decades, significant advancements have been made to improve the understanding of dynamic interactions between microbes and metallic surfaces. This paper presents the current understanding of MIC, followed by a synthesis of various recent patents, patent applications and publications related to the mitigation of MIC. The 15 inventions reviewed concern a period extending from the years 2002 up to date. The paper concludes with a discussion of future developments expected in the subjects covered.
Mechanism of Microbial Corrosion: A Review
Journal of chemical, biological and physical sciences, 2016
The role of microorganisms in microbial corrosion is to constantly create surface conditions that favor the maintenance of cathiodic and/ or anodic reactions. There is no generally accepted mechanism of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Instead various mechanisms of MIC that reflects the variety of physiological activities carried out by different microorganisms have been reported and some have been analyzed better than others. Studies have shown that corrosion of metals in the presence of microorganisms is as a result of the microbial modifications of the environment near the metal surfaces. Microorganisms can influence corrosion processes through their direct actions on anodic and cathodic reactions, formation of biofilms, corrosive media in the form of metabolic by-products and modifications on resistance films on metal surfaces among others.
Review on the microbiologically influenced corrosion and the function of biofilms
International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition
The microbiologically/microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) is a special type of corrosion; in this case the microorganisms by their presence and aggressive metabolites alter the processes on solid surfaces via electrochemical and chemical reactions. When microorganisms are present in most cases the degradation of metals or alloys happens by microbes embedded in biofilms and by their excreted metabolites (e.g. acids), macromolecules (with complexing ability) and by other molecules that can form insoluble precipitates; all these reactions increase the deterioration. The paper summarizes the most important characteristics of the MIC, mainly the so-called biocorrosion of metals and alloys. Not only the chemical and electrochemical processes, but the roles of the corrosion relevant microorganisms in the deteriorating processes, as well as the information about the mechanisms of the MIC worked out in the past and in the very last period are discussed. The most important (aerobic, anaerobic, slime former, acid producer etc.) microorganisms, their nutrient requirements and the formation and role of biofilms are presented, characterized and discussed, as well as the influence of biofilms on the MIC is also demonstrated. The impact of metals on the MIC is also discussed. The history of the research on MIC from its discovery till the 21 th century will demonstrate the enormous work that allowed the understanding of this special type of corrosion as well as its mechanism and the role of the biofilm in MIC. The paper will expose the reactions that go on between the slimy layer (that surrounds the microorganisms even in planktonic form) and the metal surface. The mostly used techniques to visualize what on the surface happens and to measure the change in the current density/corrosion potential and in the corrosion rate due to microbial action are also summarized and in all cases the advantages and disadvantages of all methods are discussed.
Enviromentally Benign Mitigation of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (Mic)
2003
The overall program objective is to develop and evaluate environmentally benign agents or products that are effective in the prevention, inhibition, and mitigation of microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) in the internal surfaces of metallic natural gas pipelines. The goal is to develop one or more environmentally benign (a.k.a. "green") products that can be applied to maintain the structure and dependability of the natural gas infrastructure. Approach: The technical approach for this quarter includes the application of the method of fractionation of the extracts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); determination of antimicrobial activities of the new extracts and fractions using a growth inhibition assay, and evaluation of the extracts' ability to inhibit biofilm formation. We initiated the delivery system for these new biocides in the test cell and in mixtures of foam components and biocides/anti-biofilms.
2003
The overall program objective is to develop and evaluate environmentally benign agents or products that are effective in the prevention, inhibition, and mitigation of microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) in the internal surfaces of metallic natural gas pipelines. The goal is to develop one or more environmentally benign (a.k.a. "green") products that can be applied to maintain the structure and dependability of the natural gas infrastructure. Approach: The technical approach for this quarter included the fractionation of extracts prepared from several varieties of pepper plants, and using several solvents, by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A preliminary determination of antimicrobial activities of the new extracts and fractions using a growth inhibition assay, and evaluation of the extracts' ability to inhibit biofilm formation was also performed. Results: The analysis of multiple extracts of pepper plants and fractions of extracts of pepper plants obtained by HPLC illustrated that these extracts and fractions are extremely complex mixtures of chemicals. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify the chemical constituents of these extracts and fractions to the greatest degree possible. Conclusions: Analysis of the chemical composition of various extracts of pepper plants has illustrated the complexity of the chemical mixtures present, and while additional work will be performed to further characterize the extracts to identify bioactive compounds the focus of efforts should now shift to an evaluation of the ability of extracts to inhibit corrosion in mixed culture biofilms, and in pure cultures of bacterial types which are known or believed to be important in corrosion.
A STUDY OF MICROBIAL INFLUENCED CORROSION IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) has been the subject of extensive studies. Some of the bacteria are capable of sensing surfaces. Contacting the surface initiates a complex differentiation program resulting in e.g. synthesis of alginate. Metal surfaces are rapidly colonized by microorganisms in contact with natural or industrial aquatic environments, giving rise to a complex and strongly adhering microbial community, termed as biofilm. The biofilm accumulation not only protects microbial cells from the external environment, but also it is detrimental to the underlying substratum thereby causing physical degradation or biodeterioration of the metal surface. In order to circumvent this problem,numerous biocides have been tried, but unfortunately have failed to produce the expected outcomes. An increased dose of biocide may, or may not, succeed in overcoming the protection provided by this polysaccharide covering because these polymers restrict the permeability of the biofilms to most biocides
The roles of biomolecules in corrosion induction and inhibition of corrosion: a possible insight
Corrosion Reviews, 2020
Biofilms cause huge economic loss to the industry through corrosion. A deeper understanding of how biofilms form, develop and interact will help to decipher their roles in promoting and inhibiting corrosion, thus in controlling it. The present review explores most mechanisms of biofilm development and maintenance with particular emphasis on the roles of the biomolecules characteristic of biofilms, including exopolysaccharides (EPSs), proteins/enzymes, lipids, DNA and other metabolites in the corrosion process. These biomolecules play a significant role in the electron transfer process resulting in corrosion induction and inhibition. Microbial attachment, biofilm formation, the EPS matrix and both positive and negative effects by specific biofilm-forming genes all play roles in the electron transfer process. The current review describes these roles in detail. Although challenging to understand and control, the potential of biomolecules in the corrosion process is huge, and the coming...
Mechanisms of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion: A Review
2012
The main problem of biogenic is the production of H S in the oil industry that can lead to corrosion 2 and reservoir souring. Collection of bacteria called sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is always the responsible of problems such as reservoir souring, equipment and pipeline failures. The corrosion mechanism understanding of SRB is unavoidable. In this study, various mechanisms proposed for SRB induced corrosion are investigated.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion: The gap in the field
Frontiers in Environmental Science
Microorganisms have evolved to inhabit virtually all environments on the planet, from oceanic hot-seeps to pipelines transporting crude and refined hydrocarbons. Often microbial colonization of man-made structures results in the reduction of their service life requiring preemptive or corrective human intervention. Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is caused by a set of intricate bioelectrochemical interactions between a diverse group of microorganisms and metallic surfaces. The complexity of MIC microbiomes and their mechanisms as well as the logistics constraints of industrial facilities are factors to consider when choosing suitable analytical methods for MIC monitoring. These generally reflect only a partial view of the phenomenon and in consequence, might lead to ineffective mitigation measures. This paper acknowledges the discrepancies between the fieldwork for MIC monitoring and the currently available technological advancements. It also highlights the most pressing...