The Neuropsychology of Sleep Disorders (original) (raw)
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Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 2001
This book provides a general overview of the prominent features of several common sleep disorders and offers some limited information regarding treatment. Concise definitions and detailed characteristics of four specific sleep disturbances are carefully evaluated but the section reviewing therapeutic interventions for these disorders is restricted by its fundamentally pharmacological approach. Chapter One contains a brief introduction to sleep and its disorders, reviewing prevalence and outlining general facts about sleep. I feel that this chapter would strongly benefit from a more in-depth discussion about sleep stages and circadian rhythms as these underlying factors are essential to understanding sleep patterns. Subsequent chapters discuss assessment and diagnosis of specific disorders including insomnia, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea. These chapters are comprehensive and detailed, and contain useful information about various symptoms, signs and features common to each disorder. Several case studies are included, which help to give the reader a clear picture of the clinical impact of these problems. An interesting chapter focusing on sleep disorders among children is also included. The remainder of the book is essentially a review of relevant pharmacological interventions, although a short chapter about light therapy has also been incorporated. The strengths of this book lie in its organized format and its provision of clear definitions and criteria for the assessment and diagnosis of a handful of particular sleep problems. In addition, the chapter on pharmacological treatments presents a long list of effective medications along with information about their respective contraindications and side-effects. This information is likely to be useful to any clinician treating patients with sleep disorders. The book, however, is limited by its restricted approach to treatment. It is disheartening that despite the abundance of research concerning behavioural and cognitive treatments for sleep disorders, this text still maintains such a strong pharmacological perspective. While the chapter on insomnia contains a brief review of two behavioural treatments (stimulus control and sleep hygiene), the effectiveness of some of these treatments has been criticized in the literature (Harvey, 2000). Furthermore, descriptions of cognitive therapies, recently found to provide an effective means of treating insomnia (Espie, 1991; Morin, 1993) are conspicuously missing. Finally, a less significant yet frustrating oversight was the omission of several references to research studies discussed in the text. Although providing a detailed clinical description of a few common sleep disorders, this book is limited by its pharmacological approach to treatment. Little information about established cognitive and behavioural treatments for these disorders is provided. Use of this text among clinicians in the mental health community is likely to be
Reflections on Sleep Disorders
This is a short reflection paper describing the importance of sleep. I reference three major sleep disorders, insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy. The physiological and psychological impairments caused by each are discussed.
We need to know in order to understand the sleep disorder narcolepsy, sleep and wakefulness, sleep, sleeping,''said Claperede on the body is a function of the strength of will automatically be delayed for a while, but when a higher level of fatigue would be defeated and the people succumb to sleep.'' Protection of biological instinct as a condition of sleep and the body representing the De Sanctic A.Forel, O, and P Wogt Janet has a different interpretation, and finally a study of brain cells during sleep, shrinking cracks between neurons and thus the expansion of fluids through here allows the brain to cleanse, Research also is likely to lead to diseases of the brain in the direction of these toxic proteins opinions of arındırılamamasının say... The main question that researchers are looking for answers , especially the vulnerable despite the drop were caused by animals slept. The largest effect on the brain's ability to repair, and memory, sleep learning is already known. But experts to sleep lightly "cleaning" function that thinks. Due to the limited amount of energy that the brain can spend the researchers have to choose one of two functions: awake and aware, or in sleep and cleaning.
Clinical Cornerstone, 2004
Although sleep disorders medicine is a relatively young discipline, understanding of the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of sleep disorders is evolving at a rapid pace. This overview discusses the history of the development of sleep disorders medicine, tracing changes in the diagnostic classification of sleep disorders as well as the role of polysomnography in diagnosis. This evolution is most evident for insomnia, one of the major sleep disturbances. The accumulation of epidemiologic data on the prevalence and temporal course of insomnia and emerging information regarding its pathophysiology derived from laboratory assessments have led to the development of new therapeutic approaches for primary insomnia and insomnia associated with medical and psychiatric disorders.
Sleep Disorder-The Disease of the Modern World Literature Review
Introduction: sleep is a behavioural state of perceptual freedom while being unavailable for the environment, accompanied by characteristic electroencephalographic changes, having the rapidly reversible potential to the state of vigilance (Zepelin, 1987). Short and long-term sleep disorders that are present in childhood may be the cause of many diseases. Aim: the aim of this study was to analyse the international literature and the presentation of the latest information on sleep disorders in children. Material and methods. this study is a compilation of data resulted after the review of the international specialty literature. The used bibliography comprises current studies that have been published recently in international journals. Results: although sleep-related complaints, poor quality and quantity of sleep affect most children, this is still an underdiagnosed problem. Sleep disorders listed previously, under the subtitle classification, can be considered the basis of sleep compl...
From wakefulness to excessive sleepiness: What we know and still need to know
Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2008
The epidemiological study of hypersomnia symptoms is still in its infancy; most epidemiological surveys on this topic were published in the last decade. More than two dozen representative community studies can be found. These studies assessed two aspects of hypersomnia: excessive quantity of sleep and sleep propensity during wakefulness (excessive daytime sleepiness). The prevalence of excessive quantity of sleep when referring to the subjective evaluation of sleep duration is around 4% of the population. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) has been mostly investigated in terms of frequency or severity; duration of the symptom has rarely been investigated. EDS occurring at least 3 days per week has been reported in between 4% and 20.6% of the population, while severe EDS was reported at 5%. In most studies men and women are equally affected. In the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, hypersomnia symptoms are the essential feature of 3 disorders: insufficient sleep syndrome, hypersomnia (idiopathic, recurrent or posttraumatic) and narcolepsy. Insufficient sleep syndrome and hypersomnia diagnoses are poorly documented. The cooccurrence of insufficient sleep and EDS has been explored in some studies and prevalence has been found in around 8% of the general population. However, these subjects often have other conditions such as insomnia, depression or sleep apnea. Therefore, the prevalence of insufficient sleep syndrome is more likely to be between 1% and 4% of the population. Idiopathic hypersomnia would be rare in the general population with prevalence, around 0.3%. Narcolepsy has been more extensively studied, with a prevalence around 0.045% in the general population. Genetic epidemiological studies of narcolepsy have shown that between 1.5% and 20.8% of narcoleptic individuals have at least one family member with the disease. The large variation is mostly due to the method used to collect the information on the family members; systematic investigation of all family members provided higher results. There is still a lot to be done in the epidemiological field of hypersomnia. Inconsistencies in its definition and measurement limit the generalization of the results. The use of a single question fails to capture the complexity of the symptom. The natural evolution of hypersomnia remains to be documented.