Effects of Different Growth Factors on Gomphrena globosa Callus Tissue (original) (raw)
Related papers
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2009
The bright red anthocyanin pigmentation was stimulated in a protocol employed callus cultures of Crataegus sinaica. Anthocyanin production was affected strongly by cytokinin type. Callus establishment was achieved by culturing stem and leaf explants on (Murashige and Skoog medium 1962) MS medium supplemented with different combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (KIN) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6benzyladenine (BA). The highest callus growth dynamics as fresh and dry weights were recorded on Ms medium contained 1mg/L 2,4-D and 1mg/L KIN for both explants. Stem callus produced higher anthocyanin than leaf callus. Anthocyanin appeared as pale pink on MS medium contained 1mg/L KIN combined with 0.5mg/L, (13.39 µg/g) in stem derived callus, which peaked at the 42 nd day after culture, as multiple subcultures proceeded, anthocyanin pigmentation diminished until it was lost. When KIN was substituted by 1mg/L BA in stem callus cultures, anthocyanin concentration reached 3.6 folds, 50.76 µg/g. Striking increase in anthocyanin reached (157.98 µg/g) was produced in stem derived callus on MS medium contained 2 mg/L BA and 1mg/L NAA which peaked earlier at the 40 s day after callus culture. BA in anthocyanin induction medium, decreased the fast diminishing in anthocyanin production through repeated callus subcultures. Effects of cytokinin type on callus initiation and anthocyanin production at expense of callus growth were discussed.
Agro-Science, 2007
Growth of callus explants was studied by manipulating the hormonal composition of Von Arnold and Eriksson's (AE) 1977 medium. Various auxin-cytokinin combinations were tested. Growth of callus on fresh weight basis, was best promoted by 2mgl-1 Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and also by the interaction between Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) at 2mgl-1 and 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) at 0.5mgl-1. Although there were no significant differences among the various combinations of NAA levels with kinetin levels and NAA levels with BAP levels with respect to fresh weight production, per cent increments over the controls were determined. Maximum increments were obtained from 1mgl-1 NAA x 0.5mgl-1 kinetin (406.5%) and 1mgl-1 NAA x 0.5mgl-1 BAP (198.06%). There were strong indications that high fresh weights were not always synonymous with dry matter production. Among the levels of NAA, 0mgl-1 and 0.5mgl-1 produced the highest percentages. In NAA x kinetin cultures, 0mgl-1 produced a value of 0.467% while 0.5mgl-1 in NAA x BAP cultures produced a value of 0.485%. For kinetin levels, 5mgl-1 produced the maximum percentage of 0.451% while for BAP levels, 0mgl-1 (0.471%) and 5mgl-1 (0.462%) produced the optimum percentages. With respect to the hormonal interactions, optimal percentages were obtained in 0mgl-1 NAA x 5mgl-1 kinetin (0.643%) and 0.5mgl-1 NAA x 0mgl-1 BAP (0.625%) cultures. Spectrophotometric studies revealed the existence of an association between the chlorophyll content of calluses and the grade of greening. Callus greening was best promoted by the main effects of kinetin (5mgl-1), BAP (5mgl-1) and NAA (2mgl-1). An unusual sign of physiological specialization (reddish pigmentation) was observed in some of the callus clumps. The implications of the results have been discussed.
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2010
The influence of varied concentrations of sucrose and ammonical (NH 4 ?) nitrogen on in vitro induction and expression of anthocyanin pigments from Rosa hybrida cv. 'Pusa Ajay' was investigated. Of two explants (petal and leaf discs) selected and cultured under two different conditions (light and dark), leaf discs were found to be most suitable for callus initiation. Profuse and early callus induction was observed when leaf discs of rose were cultured under total dark conditions on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.0 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Early pigment initiation, enhancement and maximum anthocyanin production from calluses were recorded when leaf discs were cultured on Euphorbia millii (EM) medium supplemented with 7% sucrose compared with calluses cultured at 4% sucrose concentration under 16/8 h (light/dark) photoperiod regime. Reducing the concentration of NH 4 ? nitrogen in the solid MS medium led to slight improvement in anthocyanin production in rose leaf calluses. Keywords Ammonical nitrogen Á EM medium Á Sucrose concentration Á Rosa hybrida Á Anthocyanin pigments Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ANOVA Analysis of variance EM Euphorbia millii medium FW Fresh weight MS Murashige and Skoog medium NH 4 ?
TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY, 2013
Callogenesis using vegetative (leaf, stem, petiole) and floral (petal, pistil, anther) explants of Rosa gallica and R. hybrida was investigated using different combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, and gibberellic acid on modified Murashige and Skoog medium. The highest callogenesis was obtained on Murashige and Skoog medium containing ratios of 2 and 3 mg L-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid to 1 mg L-1 of 6-benzylamino purine in both species depending on type of explant. Stem explants in R. gallica initiated callus after 4 days while the other explants in R. gallica and all explants in R. hybrida showed the greatest percentage of callus initiation after 8 days. The callus growth rate showed much more progressive callus growth respectively on leaf and stem explants in both species. The highest callus volume was achieved after 2 months from vegetative explants and after 2.5 months from flower explants in both species. The highest anthocyanin and chlorophyll yield was produced in vegetative calluses of R. gallica but their content was less in flower calluses. In R. hybrida, the highest value of pigment was observed in calluses from leaf and stem. It is noteworthy that anthocyanin content in different calluses, especially vegetative ones in R. gallica, was much higher, while chlorophyll concentration was somewhat more in calluses derived from explants of R. hybrida.
Callus culture development of two varieties of Tagetes erecta and carotenoid production
Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 2014
Background: The properties of natural pigments, such as antioxidants, functional, medical, and nutraceutical, have demonstrated the advantages of these natural compounds over synthetic ones. Some products are accepted only when they are pigmented with natural, food-quality colorants: for example poultry products (manly marigold flower extracts). Carotenoids such as β-carotene, β-criptoxanthin and lutein are very attractive as natural food colorants due to their antioxidant and pro-vitamin activities which provide additional value to the target products. Marigold (Tagetes erecta) is an Asteraceous ornamental plant native to Mexico, and it is also important as a carotenoid source for industrial and medicinal purposes but nowadays its production is destined mainly for ornamental purposes. Results: Friable callus of T. erecta yellow flower (YF) and white flower (WF) varieties was induced from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 9.0 μM 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 8.8 μM benzyladenine (BA). Calluses developed from both varieties were different in pigmentation. Extract characterization from callus cultures was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This analytical process detected several carotenoids; the main pigments in extracts from YF callus were lutein and zeaxanthin, whereas in the extracts of the WF callus the main pigments were lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. Callus cultures of T. erecta accumulated pigments even after several rounds of subculture. Conclusions: WF callus appeared to be a suitable candidate as a source of different carotenoids, and tested varieties could represent an alternative for further studies about in vitro pigment production.
Australian Journal of …, 2008
An efficient and promising protocol for achievement and enhancement of anthocyanin production from calli cultures of some ornamental plants was established.The effect of different concentrations of 2,4-D and BAp or NAA and Kin addition to MS-media on callus production from internode's explants of Catharanthus roseus, Celosia argentea and Cordyline terminalis was investigated. The highest value of calli growth dynamics i.e., fresh, dry weights (gm) and dry matter content (%) were recorded with catharanthus, celosia and cordyline explants, respectively. Moreover, the maximum value of calli production was recorded with MS-medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/1 P 2,4-D + 3.0 mg/1 BA. The effect of L-phenylalanine in combinations with Ca at the concentrations ++ of 1, 3, 5 and 10 μM and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 μM , respectively on enhancement of total anthocyanin production were studied. The optimum supplementations of L-phenylalanine and Ca ++ to modify MS-medium were 3 and 0.5 μM, respectively. The highest values of total anthocyanin production 197.98, 164.32 and 78.73 μg/gm were recorded with celosia, cordyline and catharanthus calli cultures, respectively.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae) is a woody bamboo native from the Atlantic forest biome. Morphogenetic and physiological studies are scarce in bamboos, and tissue culture-based biotechnologies tools can be used to investigate ultrastructure and physiological processes as well as to mass-propagate specific genotypes. This study evaluated the effect of light and dark conditions on chloroplast biogenesis as well as in the endogenous levels of zeatin (Z), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA 4), and jasmonic acid (JA) during in vitro culture of G. chacoensis. An increase was observed, followed by a decrease in starch content in response to light treatment, and in contrast, in darkness, an accumulation of starch which is associated to amyloplast formation at day 30 was observed. No etioplast formation was observed even in the dark and this was associated with the presence of fully developed chloroplast at the beginning of the experiment. Z levels quantified showed distinct behavior, as in light, no difference in the levels was observed, except at day 10, and in darkness, the levels increased along the evaluation time. ABA, GA 4 , and JA biosynthesis increased along the time of evaluation in light condition. In contrast, in darkness, the levels remained unaltered, excepted for an increase in JA levels at day 10, suggesting a strong relationship between light and these phytohormone levels. Possible reasons why light's presence and absence cause changes in chloroplast ultrastructure and hormone endogenous levels in in vitro cultivated culms of G. chacoensis are discussed.
Production of pigments in Alternanthera sessilis calli mediated by plant growth regulators and light
Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences
Among the compounds produced by plants, pigments such as betalains have received attention from both food and pharmaceuticals industries. The Alternanthera sessilis species produces these pigments, though in small quantities, and so it is necessary to increase production. Thus, many studies use elicitors that are capable of triggering physiological or morphological responses in plants. The objective was to establish callus production in A. sessilis grown under different combinations of growth regulators and light qualities and to assess whether these factors can increase betalain and flavonoid production. Leaf and internodal explants in MS medium with different growth regulators were used to obtain calli, which were subsequently transferred to a betacyanin induction medium remaining for 40 days under different light qualities (white, blue, red, and dark). The most suitable treatment for callus formation and subsequent betalain and flavonoid induction was to combine a medium containing 6.7 μmol L-1 2,4-D and 9.0 μmol L-1 BAP and blue light. Physical elicitation by light combined with appropriate concentration of growth regulators on calli can increase production of commercially important metabolites.
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2014
Protocols were established for micropropagation and coloured callus production of Echinocereus cinerascens, a cactus that is highly in demand for the horticultural industry. An efficient micropropagation system facilitates rapid shoot production of this threatened species. The present study investigates the effects of the plant growth regulators NAA and BAP on shoot and coloured callus induction. Shoots were produced from axillary buds and coloured callus from stem explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA and BAP (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg l-1) applied singly and in combinations. The medium that resulted in the highest mean number of shoots produced wasMS supplemented with 2.0 mg l-1 NAA and 1.5 mg l-1 BAP. In general, media with combinations of BAP and NAA were more effective than NAA or BAP alone in inducing shoots. NAA alone resulted in significantly fewer shoots than BAP alone.Most stem explants produced coloured callus in all treatments. Green calluswas induced in over 80 % of explants in all treatments in which the hormones were applied singly, while yellow callus was induced in 80–100 % of explants in half of the treatments with hormone combinations. In contrast, the occurrence of pink callus was less prevalent than green and yellow callus. Pink callus was induced in 3–40 % of explants when treatments were added with single BAP or NAA and in 7–63 % of explants treated with combinations of BAP and NAA.