Mathematical models for the representation of some physiological and quality changes during fruit storage (original) (raw)
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2019
Postharvest Physiology is the scientific study of the physiology of living plant tissues after they are denied further nutrition by picking from the parent plant. About one -third of the fruits produced worldwide are never consumed by humans due to loss at various stages and the loses are generally more in developing countries in comparison with developed countries especially when compared between production and retail sites (Kader 2005). Fruits, in general, show two distinctive respiratory patterns during ripening and on this basis fruits are categorized into climacteric and non-climacteric groups (Kader and Barrett 2003). Post-harvest physiology has direct applications to postharvest handling in establishing the storage and transport conditions that best prolong shelf life, for example 1Methyl Cyclopropene (1-MCP) is an inhibitor of ethylene perception that can delay or prevent ripening and senescence processes in plant tissues (Sisler and Serek, 2003). Pre harvest factors also ef...
Food Science and Technology, 2013
In this study, the influence of storage temperature and passive modified packaging (PMP) on the respiration rate and physicochemical properties of fresh-cut Gala apples (Malus domestica B.) was investigated. The samples were packed in flexible multilayer bags and stored at 2 °C, 5 °C, and 7 °C for eleven days. Respiration rate as a function of CO2 and O2 concentrations was determined using gas chromatography. The inhibition parameters were estimated using a mathematical model based on Michaelis-Menten equation. The following physicochemical properties were evaluated: total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, and reducing sugars. At 2 °C, the maximum respiration rate was observed after 150 hours. At 5 °C and 7 °C the maximum respiration rates were observed after 100 and 50 hours of storage, respectively. The inhibition model results obtained showed a clear effect of CO2 on O2 consumption. The soluble solids decreased, although not significantly, during storage at the three temper...
CyTA - Journal of Food, 2018
The aim of this study was to develop a model for prediction of the quality of tomato during storage. Two storage conditions (evaporatively cooled and ambient), four disinfection treatments (tap, anolyte, hot and chlorinated water) and three maturity stages (green, pink and red) were employed in this experiment. Using multivariate analysis, the principal components (PC) (PC1, PC2) were analysed. The PC1 and PC2 contributed 47.9% and 26.0% of total variation, respectively. Maturity stages and the disinfection treatments had significant (p < 0.05) influence on PC1 and PC2. Nonlinear fractional and polynomial models were fitted to the experimental data to screen the best models. Hue angle, firmness, titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solid:TA demonstrated nonlinear relationship with days of storage. TA, hue angle and firmness of tomatoes fitted well to the models developed. The models are recommended for use by tomato farmers to predict changes in the quality parameters. Efectos modelados en la calidad del tomate a partir de tratamientos previos al almacenamiento, etapas de madurez, ambiente tecnológico de almacenamiento de bajo costo y periodos de almacenamiento RESUMEN El presente estudio se propuso crear un modelo que permitiera pronosticar la calidad del tomate durante su almacenamiento. Para este cometido, en el experimento se utilizaron dos condiciones de almacenamiento (con enfriamiento por evaporación y a temperatura ambiente), cuatro tratamientos de desinfección (agua de la llave, electrolizada, caliente y clorada) y tres etapas de madurez (verde, rosado y rojo). Mediante análisis multivariado se analizaron los componentes principales (PC1, PC2). El PC1 y el PC2 explican 47,9% y 26,0% de la variación total, respectivamente. Las distintas etapas de madurez y los diferentes tratamientos de desinfección influyeron de manera significativa (P<0,05) en PC1 y PC2. A fin de cribar los mejores modelos se ajustaron modelos fraccionales no lineales y polinomiales a los datos experimentales. Se comprobó que el ángulo del tono, la firmeza, la acidez valorable (TA) y TSS:TA tienen una relación no lineal con los días de almacenamiento (DOS). A su vez, se constató que la TA, el ángulo del tono y la firmeza de los tomates se ajustaron bien a los modelos desarrollados. En conclusión se recomienda a los productores de tomate el uso de estos modelos, ya que permitirán pronosticar los cambios que puedan producirse en los parámetros de calidad.
Respiration Rate Modelling of Royal Delicious Apple at Different Storage Temperatures
Temperature is the most important factor that controls the rate of respiration of fruits and vegetables. Several experiments were conducted at different storage temperatures to generate respiration data using a closed system method for respiration measurement. Two different models based on regression analysis and enzyme kinetics were developed. In the model based on enzyme kinetics the Arrhenius equation was proposed for predicting the respiration rates of Royal Delicious apple as a function of O 2 and CO 2 concentrations and storage temperature. In the enzyme kinetics model, the dependence of respiration rate on O 2 and CO 2 was found to follow an uncompetitive inhibition. The regression coefficient values were used for the prediction of respiration rates using regression model. The enzyme kinetic model parameters, calculated from the respiration rate at different O 2 and CO 2 concentrations were used to fit the Arrhenius equation against different storage temperatures. The activation energy and respiration pre-exponential factor were used to predict the model parameters of enzyme kinetics at any storage temperature between 0-30°C. The developed models were verified for goodness of fit at 12°C and found to be in close agreement with the experimentally estimated respiration rates.
Modeling of Respiration Rate of Fresh Date Fruits (Barhi Cultivar) Under Aerobic Conditions
Journal of Advanced Agricultural Technologies, 2015
There is a demand to utilize modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) for prolonging shelf life of fresh date fruits (Barhi cultivar at Khalal stage of maturity). Barhi fruits are good source of fiber, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins and have a sweet taste and popular in marketing. Respiration of the produce with proper gas exchange through the packaging films can create a modified atmosphere inside a package that can be utilized to extend the shelf life of fresh dates at Khalal stage of maturity. Modeling of respiration rate is a crucial tool to design a proper modified atmosphere packaging system of fresh dates. The present study was conducted to determine the respiration rate of fresh Dates (Barhi cultivar) fruits in a closed system at temperatures 1, 5, 15 and 25 °C, and to develop and test a mathematical model for predicting the respiration rate of the date fruits as a function of O 2 and CO 2 concentrations, time, and storage temperature. The respiration data corresponding to different temperatures indicated that rise in temperature increased the respiration rate. However, respiration rates were found to decrease with time in the range of temperatures examined. This could be attributed to the decrease in O 2 and proportional increase in CO 2 as the time progress. A mathematical model was developed based on the respiration data measured and calculated at different temperatures and time interval using the closed system method. The model showed good agreement with the experimentally data with R 2 values above 0.973.
Pre- and Post-Harvest Management of Fruit Quality, Ripening and Senescence
Acta horticulturae, 2010
By the regulation of fruit ripening we ensure consumers have a year-round supply of fruit with acceptable eating quality and health promoting components. Fruit ripening is a highly regulated process with coordinated genetic and metabolic events, leading to essential changes in gene expression, physiology, biochemistry and anatomy. These complex regulatory events transform a physiologically mature but inedible fruit into an edible, tasty product. Molecular and genetic analysis of fruit development and especially of ripening, has resulted in confirmed gains in knowledge about ethylene biosynthesis and responses, cell wall metabolism and environmental factors. Innovations in CA technology like dynamic controlled atmospheres (DCA) and/or the use of the chemical ethylene inhibitor (1-MCP) are new tools for the enhancement and preservation of quality and health promoting components in climacteric fruit. DCA, with non destructive monitoring systems based either on ethanol concentrations or chlorophyll fluorescence allows the use of oxygen atmospheres during storage that are close to the lowest tolerance limits for fruit without inducing excessive anaerobic metabolism. In contrast to other available technologies, 1-MCP has the potential to control ethylene action by blocking the ethylene receptors and thereby maintaining fruit quality, and avoiding specific storage disorders not only in storage but also during marketing and shelf-life. Postharvest physiological disorders may result from oxidative stress influencing fruit physiology during fruit maturation and ripening when active oxygen species exceed the capacity of an organism to maintain redox homeostasis and exhaust the internal defence systems. Many postharvest researchers are involved in evaluating antioxidant activities as affected by cultivar, production practices and postharvest handling procedures. Sensory investigations and consumer expectation surveys have confirmed that the aroma, firmness, crispiness and juiciness are the most relevant sensory traits. Ripening regulation by modern storage technology shows great benefits in terms of texture, total soluble solids (TSS) and acidity but often hampers aroma formation mainly depending on the at-harvest ripening stage of the fruit. In the future, postharvest researchers will be challenged to meet consumer requirements with fruit that is well flavoured and nutritious.
Relationships between Life Shelf, Health and Quality of Apple Fruit
foliar-emulsified-fluids.ro
An open field experiment regarding the behavior of Jonathan cv apple fruit during temperature control storage was set up to RIFG Pitesti -Maracineni, Romania. Field test was organized on 2 plots (V1, reference plot and V2, foliar treated plot with Frucol 0.5% solution) and randomized over three replicates and 10 fruits analysis per plot. The fruit treatment was extended with calcium chloride 1% solution application in two stages before and after harvesting. All fruit quality parameters measurements were made immediately before the harvest, and after 90 day, and respectively 180 days of storage, using common recommended procedures. Causes and extent of fruit decay on whole length of storage were broadly discussed and analyzed in terms of foliar treatment outcome and impact. Statistical correlation according to Duncan test and Shapiro-Wilk were use to validate the results consistency. Some relevant accounts on storage diseases and physiological disorders responsible for fruit decay and breakdown concluded the study, on the grounds of microbiological tests and visual surveillance over entire period of storage. Program, 'Ideas', within the Research Project 1035/2007.
Ripening and postharvest storage of ‘soft fruits’
The terms 'soft fruit' have been used to refer to different commodities including strawberries, blueberries and several species of the genus Rubus. Most work in 'soft fruit' ripening regulation has been done on strawberry. Auxin has been shown to be a repressor of several ripening-associated genes which led to hypothesize that reduction in auxin levels in the receptacle could activate those genes. Despite that, some evidence suggest that that is only part of the story and that other factors are also involved in the regulation of 'soft fruits' ripening process. Softening is one of the most dramatic changes observed in 'soft fruit' ripening. Early reports on strawberry stated that the average molecular size of hemicelluloses greatly declines during ripening. In contrast, later work showed that pectin size is reduced while only slight depolymerization occurs in hemicellulosic polymers. Pectin metabolism has recently shown to be a major modification accompanying softening in species of the genus Rubus. Contrarywise, a reduction in glucan content and downshifts in hemicellulose molecular size are the main changes observed in blueberry. Extension of 'soft fruit' postharvest life has been an ongoing challenge. Strategies to reduce 'soft fruit' losses include selection of firmer genotypes and optimum postharvest handling procedures. A single postharvest technique is unlikely to fully control postharvest losses but new tools such as UV radiation, heat treatments or chitosan coatings may be added to the overall management plan (cooling conditions, modified atmospheres) to further delay softening and prevent decay losses. Biotechnology may be useful to address some of the concerns about bramble quality attributes (e.g. increased fruit firmness, improved flavor) and engineered resistance may be a sustainable method to control Botrytis cinerea.
Modeling the Rate of Vitamin C Loss in Five Different Fruits During Storage
Mathematical modelling and Applications, 2020
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, in five different fruit samples of orange, mango, watermelon, pawpaw and pineapple were determined with the view of developing suitable mathematical models for subsequent estimation of the vitamin in the fruits after several days of storage at temperatures of 4 and 29 (±1°C) respectively prior to consumption. The iodometric titration was used to evaluate the vitamin C content of the fruit samples alongside their pH values. Measurements were done on the 1 st , 4 th , 8 th , 12 th and 15 th day of storage. The results obtained were then fed into a Minitab 18 Statistical Computer programme for model development. The developed model was quadratic in nature and was of the form y=c±at±bt 2. For the orange sample, the model at 29°C was Vit. C=15.48-0.2814 t-0.0042 t 2 , while at 4°C, the model was Vit. C=15.34-0.135 t-0.0099 t 2. Other models were; mango: Vit. C=8.113-0.3962 t + 0.0077 t 2 & Vit. C=8.050-0.229 t-0.0011t 2 , watermelon: Vit. C=5.793-0.573 t + 0.0203 t 2 & Vit. C=5.338-0.175 t + 0.003 t 2 , pawpaw: Vit. C=8.534-0.227 t-0.0069 t 2 & Vit. C=8.804-0.291 t-0.0009 t 2 and pineapple: Vit. C=6.459-0.673 t + 0.0282 t 2 & Vit. C=5.937-0.069 t-0.0044 t 2. All models were found to be highly correlated (r 2 =86.90-100.00%) at 95% confidence level. Simulation using the respective models at 29 and 4°C respectively indicated that the initial concentrations of orange (15.45±1.04), mango (7.82±1.76), watermelon (6.05±0.94), pawpaw (5.48±0.94) and pineapple (8.35±1.09 mg/100 cm 3) would respectively take (36, 33), (30, 31), (23, 60), (22, 30) and (21, 30) days to be lost completely. Results also indicated that refrigeration slowed down or conferred some stability on the vitamin C content except in the orange juice. The percentage losses of vitamin C in the analytes were found to be: water melon (71.00), pawpaw (60.00), pineapple (58.00), mango (52.00) and orange (35.00) respectively. The respective models could be used to simulate the concentration of vitamin C at any particular time (days). This would save time and cost of experimentation and would therefore give an estimate of the concentration of the vitamin present in such fruits when refrigerated or stored in the open air given the post-harvest number of days.
Evaluation of apple quality during storage in a controlled medium
Fresh fruits are an indispensable ingredient of valuable and rational nutrition. Since metabolism in fruits continues during storage, the harvesting and storage conditions influence the duration of storage and quality. Storage in a controlled atmosphere is the most suitable technology to provide consumers with fresh fruits independent on season. Research was carried out at the Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing during 2008–2009. The objects of the research were apple cultivars 'Gita', 'Saltanat', 'Pamiat Semakinu', 'Auksis', 'Korichnoje Novoje'. Fruits were stored in a controlled atmosphere with a different content of O 2 and CO 2 : ULO1 – O 2 (1%), CO 2 (2%) and ULO2 – O 2 (1.5%); CO 2 (2.5%), control samples were stored in a cooling chamber in a natural atmosphere. Storage conditions: temperature +2 ±1 °C, relative air moisture 90%. The duration of the experiment was 6 months. For the characterization of apple quality changes during sto...