Electrophysical Properties of PZT-Type Ceramics Obtained by Two Sintering Methods (original) (raw)
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Materials
In the paper, the multicomponent PZT-type ceramics with Pb(Zr0.49Ti0.51)0.94Mn0.015Sb0.01W0.015Ni0.03O3 composition have been obtained by conventional and mechanochemical methods. With conventional ceramic technology, PZT-type ceramics have been synthesized by the method of calcination powder (850 °C/4 h). Instead of this step, the mechanochemical synthesis process for different milling periods (15 h, 25 h, 50 h, 75 h) has been applied for a second batch of samples. To obtain the dense PZT-type ceramic samples, powders have been sintered by free sintering method at conditions of 1150 °C/2 h. Studies have shown that the perovskite structure of the PZT-type material is formed during mechanochemical activation of powders during the technological process at low temperature. The application of the mechanochemical synthesis to obtain the PZT-type materials also allows shortening of the technological process, and the useful electrophysical properties of ceramic samples are not reduced at t...
2020
The work three ceramic compositions based on PbZr 0.49 Ti 0.51 O 3 doped with manganese (Mn), antimony (Sb), lanthanum (La) and tungsten (W) were obtained. The introduction of a set of admixtures was aimed at improving the sinterability of ceramic materials and optimizing its electrophysical parameters. Multi-component materials of the PZT-type with a general formula: Pb(Zr 0.49 Ti 0.51) 0.94 Mn 0.021 Sb 0.016 La y W z O 3 (where y from 0.008 to 0.012 and z from 0.012 to 0.014) were prepared by the conventional mixed oxide method. After mixing and drying the powder mixtures were calcined in air at 850°C for 4 h, while densification of the powders was carried out by the free sintering method at 1150°C for 2 h. The final steps of technology were grinding, polishing, annealing and putting silver paste electrodes onto both surfaces of the samples for electrical testing. XRD, SEM, EDS, dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric properties and DC electrical conductivity of the obtained ceramic compositions were carried out. X-ray tests of the crystal structure conducted at room temperature have shown that all obtained the PZT-type materials were a single phase (perovskite type) without the presence of a foreign phase. Symmetry of the crystal lattice was identified as space group P4mm. Temperature dielectric studies have shown high values of dielectric permittivity and low dielectric loss. The presented physical properties of ceramic samples based on PZT confirm their predisposition for application in modern microelectronic and micromechatronic applications.
Modelling, Measurement and Control C
In this contribution, (0.80-x)Pb(Cr 1/5 ,Ni 1/5 ,Sb 3/5)O 3-xPbTiO 3-0.20PbZrO 3 perovskite ceramics namely PZT-CNS were prepared by solid state reaction method. The obtained samples have been characterized by different techniques including XRD, density test, SEM analysis, and Dielectric measurements in order to investigate the effects of sintering temperature and titanium content on microstructure and dielectric properties. The obtained experimental results have been reported and well discussed.
Investigation of Phase Formation and Electrical Properties of Fe-Doped PZT Ceramics
2021
In this paper, some compositions described by the general formula Pb(ZrxTi1-x)0.99Fe0.01O3 have been considered and investigated. The compositions considered have been obtained by solid state reaction technique, where x corresponds to 0.42, 0.52 and 0.58. Sintering has been performed for 2 hours at temperatures between 1100oC and 1250oC. The influence of the sintering temperature on the microstructure and on the hysteresis loops of Fe3+ doped Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 system has been investigated. The crystallographic phase and microstucture of the sintered compositions have been studied in detail using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The experimental results obtained by XRD have revealed that all the sintered samples have a perovskite structure. In order to correlate the behavior of the sintered materials to their microscopic structure, the domain structures have been defined by SEM. The dielectric properties, as relative dielectric permittivity (εr) a...
Effect of Nb doping on sintering and dielectric properties of PZT ceramics
Processing and Application of Ceramics, 2016
The extensive use of piezoelectric ceramics such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) in different applications became possible with the development of donor or acceptor dopants. Therefore, studies on the effect of dopants on the properties of PZT ceramics are highly demanded. In this study undoped and 2.4 mol% Nb-doped PZT (PZTN) powders were successfully obtained by a solid-state reaction and calcination at 850°C for 2 h. Crystallinity and phase formation of the prepared powders were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD). In order to study morphology of powders, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. The crystalline PZT and Nb-doped PZT powders were pelleted into discs and sintered at 1100, 1150 and 1200°C, with a heating rate of 10°C/min, and holding time of 1-6 h to find the optimum combination of temperature and time to produce high density ceramics. Microstructural characterization was conducted on the fractured ceramic surfaces using SEM. Density measurements showed that maximal density of 95% of the theoretical density was achieved after sintering of PZT and PZTN ceramics at 1200°C for 2 h and 4 h, respectively. However, the results of dielectric measurements showed that PZTN ceramics have higher relative permittivity (ε r ∼17960) with lower Curie temperature (∼358°C) relative to PZT (ε r = 16000 at ∼363°C) as a result of fine PZTN structure as well as presence of vacancies. In addition, dielectric loss (at 1 kHz) of PZT and PZTN ceramics with 95% theoretical density was 0.0087 and 0.02, respectively. The higher dielectric loss in PZTN was due to easier domain wall motions in PZTN ceramics.
Low temperature sintering of PZT ceramics without additives via an ordinary ceramic route
Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2005
Low temperature sintering of PZT ceramics without additives was investigated using a fine powder obtained by the ordinal ball milling process. The starting commercial PZT ceramic powder with the composition of Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48)O 3 of average grain size of 0.5 µm is effectively ground in a ball mill using zirconia balls of 3 mm in diameter in isopropyl alcohol containing an organic surfactant. Its particle size reaches less than 0.2 µm after 48 h grinding. It is dried, added with a PVB binder, pressed, and sintered in air for 2 h from 950°C to 1200 °C. The bulk density and dielectric constant of the PZT ceramics sintered at 1000 °C reach 7.85 g/cm 3 and 1566, respectively, sufficiently high for industrial applications. PZT ceramics sintered at 1000 °C and those sintered at 1100 °C exhibited the electromechanical coupling factors (kp) of 60% and 69%, respectively.
Effects BNT compound incorporated on structure and electrical properties of PZT ceramic
Current Applied Physics, 2011
Ferroelectric ceramics with formula Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 /x(Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )TiO 3 (when x ¼ 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 wt%) were prepared by a solid-state mixed-oxide method and sintered at the temperature between 1050 and 1200 C for 2 h to obtain dense ceramics. It was found that the optimum sintering temperature was 1200 C at which all the samples had relative density at least 96% of their theoretical values. Phase analysis using X-ray diffraction showed tetragonal and rhombohedral perovskite structure of PZT with no BNT peak detected, indicating that completed solid solutions occurred for all compositions. Scanning electron micrographs of fractured PZT/BNT ceramics showed equiaxed grain shape with mixed-mode of transgranular and intergranular fractures. Addition of BNT significantly decreased grain size of the PZT ceramic. Measurement of room temperature dielectric constant indicated a gradual increase with increasing BNT content. Results of ferroelectric characterization showed a slight decrease of remanent polarization and coercive field for BNT-added samples, suggesting ceramics which could be easily poled. Good piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 ) could be maintained and comparable to that of pure PZT ceramic for the sample with 1.0 wt% BNT addition.
Integrated Ferroelectrics, 2018
The influence of sintering conditions on phase formation, density, microstructure and electrical properties of BCZT ceramics wer investigated. The BCZT (Ba 0.85 Ca 0.075 Zr 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 3) ceramics were fabricated by a mixed oxide synthetic route of BaCO 3 , CaCO 3 , ZrO 2 and TiO 2 precursors and then sintered at 1250, 1300 and 1350°C for 2 and 4 hrs. Phase formation, densification, microstructure surfaces, dielectric properties, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Archimedes method, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), LCR Meter, P-E hysteresis and d 33 meter, respectively. In processes of sintering, the results show that BCZT structures are perovskite with pseudocubic phase. Sintering condition at 1300°C for 4 hrs exhibits optimum density, grain size and higher electrical properties: density 5.62 g/cm 3 (∼98% of theoretical density), average grain size = 2.19 ± 0.87 µm, dielectric constant (ε r) = 2840, dielectric loss (tan δ) = 0.10, remanent polarization (P r) = 5.84 µC/cm 2 and d 33 = 167 pC/N.
Low-temperature sintering of 0.8Pb(Zr x Ti 1-x)]O 3 – 0.125Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3)O 3 – 0.075Pb(Mn 1/3 Nb 2/3)O 3 + 0.7 % wt Li 2 CO 3 (PZT-PZN-PMnN) ceramics was prepared by using Li 2 CO 3 as the sintering aid. Their structure and physical properties were investigated according to the Zr/Ti rat io content. Fro m X-ray diffract ion patterns showed that samples formed a phase perovskite structure without secondary phases. The electro mechanical coupling factor (k p), the maximu m d ielectric constant (ε max), the piezoelectric constant (d 31) and the mechanical quality factor (Q m) increased with the increase of Zr/Ti ratio content and reaches to the highest value at the ratio content of Zr/Ti = 48/52. At this ratio content, the ceramic has the optimal electro mechanical p roperties: the ε max = 19500, the k p = 0.62, the d 31 = 140 p C/N and the Q m = 1112.
Effect of Sm on structural, dielectric and conductivity properties of PZT ceramics
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2009
Solid solutions of Pb 1−x Sm x (Zr 0.55 Ti 0.45 ) 1−x/4 O 3 (PSZT) (x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.06 and 0.09) were synthesized by mixed oxide method at high temperature. The formations of single-phase compounds were confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies with tetragonal structure at room temperature. Detailed studies of dielectric properties of PSZT materials were made at various temperatures and frequencies which reveal that the compounds have transition temperature well above the room temperature. The diffusivity ( ) of the dielectric peaks in the compounds exhibited the values between 1 and 2 where the higher value indicated the greater disorder in the system. The temperature dependence of ac conductivity indicated that the conduction process is due to singly ionized (in ferroelectric region) and doubly ionized (in paraelectric region) oxygen vacancies.