Periodontal and chronic kidney diseases: A modifiable association (original) (raw)
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Periodontal disease as a predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage in older adults
Journal of International Medical Research
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate periodontal disease as a predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage in older adults. Methods A total of 1159 adults aged 65 to 80 years and diagnosed with periodontal disease and CKD (stages 1, 2, and 3) were randomly selected for a cross-sectional study. Periodontal status was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) and CKD was staged using the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-KDOQI) guidelines. Results In patients with stage 1 CKD, the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for CPITN-1, CPITN-2, CPITN-3, and CPITN-4 were 1.13 (0.83–1.55), 1.47 (1.13–1.81), 1, and 1, respectively. In patients with stage 2 CKD, the ORs (95% CIs) for CPITN-1, CPITN-2, CPITN-3, and CPITN-4 were 1.49 (1.14–1.93), 1.37 (1.02–1.78), 3.07 (2.81–3.25), and 3.65 (3.49–3.71), respectively. In patients with stage 3 CKD, the ORs (95% CIs) for CPITN-1, CPITN-2, CPITN-3, an...
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with periodontal disease due to its hyperinflammatory state. Limited studies have explored the prevalence of periodontal disease among CKD patients in Malaysia. Objective: To assess the periodontal status of pre-dialysis CKD patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Methods: A total of 46 pre-dialysis CKD patients who attended the nephrology clinic at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia were enrolled in this study. Periodontal examination was performed using the periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and plaque index. Results: The majority of the CKD patients were Malay (95.7%) and 80.4% were males. The mean age of the patients was 58.5 years. Using PPD measurement, 37 (74.0%) of the patients had mild periodontitis, 9 (20.0%) had moderate periodontitis and 3 (6.0%) had no periodontitis. Based on CAL measurement, 12 (26%) patients had mild periodontitis, 29 (63.0%) had moderate periodontitis and 5 (11%) had severe periodontitis. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) value of mild and moderate-to-severe periodontitis by PPD measurement were 4.26 (0.26) and 5.24 (0.36), respectively. The mean of mild and moderate-to-severe periodontitis by CAL measurement were 2.66 (0.62) and 4.98 (0.73), respectively. There was no correlation between the periodontal parameters and estimated glomerular filtration rate (PPD: r = −0.160, P = 0.914; CAL: r = −0.135, P = 0.372; plaque index: r = 0.005, P = 0.974). Conclusion: This study revealed a greater prevalence and severity of chronic periodontitis among CKD patients. Thus, the periodontal health of CKD patients' needs to be screened and monitored.
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Objective: To assess the general oral and periodontal health status of chronic kidney disease patients in various stages and compare it to healthy controls. Methodology: A Cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore on 50 patients with chronic kidney disease and 58 controls for the time duration of one year. Data collection was based on the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs and Decayed Missing and Filled index. Results: There was a significant association between stage of kidney disease and periodontal health (p= ≤0.001) and general oral health as determined by the DMFT index (≤0.001). There was a significant difference in the scores of decayed teeth between the controls and stage 3 (0.042), stage 5 (≤0.001) and stage 4 (p= 0.001). The difference in the scores of missing teeth was significant between controls and stage 5 (p=≤0.001) and stage 4 (p=0.001). Similar was the case for decayed missing and filled teeth index scor...
Assessment of Oral and Periodontal Parameters in Patients with End-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease*
Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine, 2015
Summary: The purpose of the study was to assess the oral cavity status in patients with terminal chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing haemodialysis.: The study comprised 69 patients with end-stage CKD undergoing haemodialysis regime. The data regarding the age, gender, environment, associated diseases were obtained from the clinical medical histories. The patients were submitted to clinical examination, which also included the periodontal probing and the gingival bleeding assessment. The type of edentulous ridge was recorded. Each patient filled a questionnaire offering data regarding the oral hygiene habits, diet, bad habits and the presence/absence of xerostomia.: The main cause for end-stage CKD was renal, followed by diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. The main associated diseases to CKD were clearly secondary arterial hypertension and secondary anaemia; other associated diseases were represented by cardiac diseases, hepatitis, gastro-intestinal diseases, secondary h...
Journal of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, 2022
Background: There are numerous risk factors associated with the development and progression of periodontal disease such as smoking, poor oral hygiene, and diabetes. Systemic inflammation has been proposed as a possible link between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although an association of periodontal disease and other systemic conditions has been established in literature, a correlation between periodontal disease and CKD is currently not well-established. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess whether there is a correlation between periodontal disease and impaired renal function. Methods: NHANES survey data from years 2011-2016 was used and all analyses were conducted using SAS9.4. Descriptive statistics were conducted for characteristics including age, gender, race/ethnicity, periodontal disease, advanced periodontal disease, and impaired renal function. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the association between periodontal disease and impaired renal function. Results: The results of this study show that there is an association between increasing age and impaired renal function. Specifically, participants aged 65 years and older had increased odds for impaired renal function with an OR of 3.89. The results of this study also showed increased odds for impaired renal function for participants that were Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic compared to non-Hispanic white with an odds ratio of 1.62 and 1.45 respectively. Participants who had advanced periodontal disease had increased odds for impaired renal function compared to participants who did not have advanced periodontal disease. Conclusion: Participants with advanced periodontal disease had increased odds for impaired renal function compared to participants who did not have advanced periodontal disease. Further research is needed to determine a direct correlation and whether there are positive clinical effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy in improving outcomes in patients with CKD.
Severity of Periodontal Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Hospital-Based Study
Cureus
Background Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of multifactorial origin. The inflammatory mediators released during the progression of disease may affect all the organs of the body. Renal disease is a chronic systemic disease which may influence the progression of periodontal disease. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate and compare the prevalence of periodontal disease among individuals with chronic kidney disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis with healthy individuals. Methodology In this cross-sectional study including 150 participants, 75 patients with different renal diseases undergoing hemodialysis (Group I) and 75 healthy controls (Group II) were included. The general examination of the patients was done. Blood pressure, pulse, and body mass index were recorded, followed by biochemical investigations, in which serum urea, serum creatinine, and random blood sugar were evaluated for each participant. Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) scores were recorded. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and gingival recession GR were measured, and clinical attachment level (CAL) was calculated based on the obtained values. The subjects were then categorized into three groups, namely, no/mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis. Results Out of the total study participants, 68% were men and 32% were women, with a mean age of 47 years. Serum markers were significantly elevated in Group I compared to Group II. Poor oral hygiene and periodontitis were observed to be much higher in dialysis patients compared to the control group. The two groups also significantly differed in PI, GI, PPD, GR, and CAL, all of which were higher in Group I. Conclusions The results suggest that patients with renal disease must be screened for periodontal disease.
Prevalence of Periodontitis in Chronic kidney disease: A Prospective Study
International Journal of Health and Dentistry Care (IJHDC), 2023
Introduction: Oral health of chronic kidney disease patients is often poor and it becomes more prevalent as uraemia progresses. The aim of this study Is to observe the prevalence of periodontal conditions in chronic kidney disease patients and to determine the relationship of severity of periodontitis with the different stages of chronic kidney disease. Material and Method: It is a prospective study conducted at SRN Hospital, MLN Medical College Prayagraj. We evaluated the periodontal status of 50 chronic kidney disease patients by using CDC- AAP classification. Result: Out of 50 Chronic kidney disease patients, 80% patients presented with periodontitis changes which was considered as cases while 20% patients did not show any sign of periodontitis and was considered as control. . The percentage of chronic kidney disease stage 5 was higher in both the cases (80%) and the control(80%) group as well. In cases, the percentage of male was higher than females. Chronic kidney disease stage 5 is more associated with periodontitis.In cases, the percentage of mild periodontitis, moderate periodontitis, severe periodontitis with respect to chronic kidney disease stage 5 is 57.3%, 60%, 89.29% respectively that was found significant (p value=0.012). Conclusion: Our study clearly states that the prevalence of periodontitis is 80% in chronic kidney disease patients especially among the higher stages of chronic kidney disease, therefore periodontitis is the important preventable risk factors if not treated early may deteriorate the prognosis of chronic kidney disease patients.
Periodontal Disease and Other Nontraditional Risk Factors for CKD
American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 2008
Background: Chronic kidney disease, undiagnosed in a significant number of adults, is a public health problem. Given the systemic inflammatory response to periodontal disease, we hypothesized that periodontal disease could be associated with chronic kidney disease.