Diet Quality and Weight Outcomes During Pregnancy and Postpartum: Relations with Dietary Restraint and Eating Competence (original) (raw)
Related papers
The impact of pregnancy on eating behaviour and aspects of weight concern
International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 1999
Excessive weight gain in pregnancy and retention of this weight gain is a well known problem. How women with a history of dietary restraint adjust to being pregnant, is of interest, as pregnancy epitomises many of the factors known to trigger overeating. To examine the impact of pregnancy on eating behaviour and weight concern and the role of dietary restraint in mediating any changes. Primigravid (n = 50) and non-pregnant nulliparous (n = 50) women completed a questionnaire to describe their profile characteristics, current health behaviours, eating behaviour and weight concern. The pregnant women completed additional retrospective items relating to these factors for the period prior to their pregnancy. The pregnant women reported eating more, showed lower levels of dietary restraint, were less dissatisfied with their body shape and showed higher eating self efficacy than non-pregnant women. Compared to the months prior to their pregnancy, the pregnant women rated themselves as les...
Dietary Restraint and Gestational Weight Gain
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2008
Objective To determine whether a history of preconceptional dieting and restrained eating was related to higher weight gains in pregnancy. Design Dieting practices were assessed among a prospective cohort of pregnant women using the Revised Restraint Scale. Women were classified on three separate subscales as restrained eaters, dieters, and weight cyclers. Subjects Participants included 1,223 women in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Study. Main outcome measures Total gestational weight gain and adequacy of weight gain (ratio of observed/expected weight gain based on Institute of Medicine recommendations). Statistical analyses performed Multiple linear regression was used to model the two weight-gain outcomes, while controlling for potential confounders including physical activity and weight-gain attitudes. Results There was a positive association between each subscale and total weight gain, as well as adequacy of weight gain. Women classified as cyclers gained an average of 2 kg more than noncyclers and showed higher observed/expected ratios by 0.2 units. Among restrained eaters and dieters, there was a differential effect by body mass index. With the exception of underweight women, all other weight status women with a history of dieting or restrained eating gained more weight during pregnancy and had higher adequacy of weight gain ratios. In contrast, underweight women with a history of restrained eating behaviors gained less weight compared to underweight women without those behaviors.
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2013
VER THE PREVIOUS 20 YEARS, THE PREVALENCE OF obesity has more than doubled, with 34% of the population classified as obese (body mass index [BMI]Ն30), and another 34% as overweight (BMIϭ 25 to 29.9). 1-3 Women of childbearing age are at particularly high risk for becoming overweight or obese; approximately 4 million women give birth each year, 4 and almost half of these women gain more weight during pregnancy than recommended by the Institute of Medicine. 5 Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is associated with higher postpartum weight retention, 5-8 and although the average weight retention from prepregnancy to postpartum (6 weeks to 24 months) is between 0.5 and 3 kg, 9 14% to 25% of postpartum women retain more than 4.5 kg. 8,10 Postpartum weight retention is also associated with higher prepregnancy weight and smoking cessation during pregnancy, 9 not breastfeeding, 7,11,12 and less nutrition knowledge. 13 Although some women eat healthier foods during pregnancy, they may discontinue these healthy eating habits after giving birth. 14 Collectively, studies show that diet quality for women is suboptimal during the postpartum period. 15-18 Intervening during the early postpartum period to encourage women to continue the healthy diet habits practiced during pregnancy may support postpartum weight loss.
Pregravid body mass index is negatively associated with diet quality during pregnancy
Public Health Nutrition, 2007
Objective: To investigate the association between pregravid weight status and diet quality. Design: Institute of Medicine body mass index (BMI) cut-off points of ,19.8 kg m 22 for underweight, 19.8-26.0 kg m 22 for normal weight, . 26.0 -29.0 kg m 22 for overweight and . 29 kg m 22 for obese were used to categorise women's weight status. Dietary information was obtained by self-report at 26-28 weeks' gestation using a modified Block food-frequency questionnaire. The Diet Quality Index for Pregnancy (DQI-P) included: servings of grains, vegetables and fruits, folate, iron and calcium intake, percentage calories from fat, and meal pattern score. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between weight status and tertiles of DQI-P controlling for potential individual confounders. Setting: A clinical-based population recruited through four prenatal clinics in central North Carolina. Subjects: A total of 2394 women from the Pregnancy, Infection and Nutrition study were included in this analysis. Results: Evidence of a dose -response relationship was found between BMI and inadequate servings of grains and vegetables, and iron and folate intake. Pregravid obesity was associated with 76% increased odds of falling into the lowest diet quality tertile compared with underweight women after controlling for potential confounders. Conclusion: A modest association was found between pregravid weight status and diet quality. If corroborated, these findings suggest that overweight pregnant women should be targeted for nutrition counselling interventions aimed to improve diet quality.
Validation of the intuitive Eating Scale for pregnant women
Appetite, 2017
Pre-pregnancy maladaptive eating behaviors have predicted inadequate or excess gestational weight gain and poor dietary intake during pregnancy, but little is known about effects of pre-pregnancy adaptive eating behaviors on pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of this study was to produce a valid and reliable measure of adaptive pre-pregnancy eating behaviors for pregnant women using the Intuitive Eating Scale. Data were collected from 266 pregnant women, aged 18 and older who were attending a private prenatal clinic at Texas Children's Hospital Pavilion for Women in Houston, TX using self-administered questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to validate the factor structure of the Intuitive Easting Scale (IES). Concurrent validity was determined using correlations between the three subscale scores [unconditional permission to eat (UPE), eating for physical not emotional reasons (EPR), and relying on hunger/satiety cues (RIH)], perinatal depression status (Edinburg...
The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2016
Understanding dietary patterns in obese pregnant women will inform future intervention strategies to improve pregnancy outcomes and the health of the child. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a behavioral intervention of diet and physical activity advice on dietary patterns in obese pregnant woman participating in the UPBEAT study, and to explore associations of dietary patterns with pregnancy outcomes. In the UPBEAT randomized controlled trial, pregnant obese women from eight UK multi-ethnic, inner-city populations were randomly assigned to receive a diet/physical activity intervention or standard antenatal care. The dietary intervention aimed to reduce glycemic load and saturated fat intake. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline (15(+0)-18(+6) weeks' gestation), post intervention (27(+0)-28(+6) weeks) and in late pregnancy (34(+0)-36(+0) weeks). Dietary patterns were characterized using factor analysis of the baseline FFQ ...
Appetite, 2013
Food insecurity is linked to higher weight gain in pregnancy, as is dietary restraint. We hypothesized that pregnant women exposed to marginal food insecurity, and who reported dietary restraint before pregnancy, will paradoxically show the greatest weight gain. Weight outcomes were defined as total kilograms, observed-to-recommended weight gain ratio, and categorized as adequate, inadequate or excessive weight gain based on 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. A likelihood ratio test assessed the interaction between marginal food insecurity and dietary restraint and found significant. Adjusted multivariate regression and multinomial logistic models were used to estimate weight gain outcomes. In adjusted models stratified by dietary restraint, marginal insecurity and low restraint was significantly associated with lower weight gain and weight gain ratio compared to food secure and low restraint. Conversely, marginal insecurity and high restraint was significantly associated with higher weight gain and weight gain ratio compared to food secure and high restraint. Marginal insecurity with high restraint was significantly associated with excessive weight gain. Models were consistent when restricted to lowincome women and full-term deliveries. In the presence of marginal food insecurity, women who struggle with weight and dieting issues may be at risk for excessive weight gain.
Nutrients
Understanding women’s perceptions of eating behaviors and dietary patterns can inform the ‘teachable moment’ model of pregnancy. Our objectives were to describe eating behaviors and dietary patterns in pregnancy. This was a cross-sectional, national electronic survey. Women were ≥18 years of age, living in the United States, currently pregnant or less than two years postpartum, and had internet access. Age, education, race, and marriage were included as covariates in ordinal and binary logistic regressions (significance p < 0.05). Women (n = 587 eligible) made positive or negative changes to their diets, while others maintained pre-existing eating behaviors. The majority of women did not try (84.9 to 95.1% across diets) and were unwilling to try (66.6 to 81%) specific dietary patterns during pregnancy. Concerns included not eating a balanced diet (60.1 to 65.9%), difficulty in implementation without family (63.2 to 64.8%), and expense (58.7 to 60.1%). Helpful strategies included ...