The Perpetuation of Extreme Poverty as a Facet of the Global Structural Design (original) (raw)
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Revista Jurídica - Unicuritiba, 2019
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Cuadernos de Derecho Transnacional, 2018
The use of indicators in international law and global governance has recently developed as a basis for evaluation, decision-making and conceptual and methodological legitimation. This study will analyse the use of different measurement devices constructed at the international level. It will consider the assessment of the state of human security as a case study, placing a particular focus on the relationship of 'narrow' and 'broad' views of human security to all human rights: civil, political, economic , social and cultural, and incorporating the aggravated human security risks encountered globally by women and girls. As a result, the text presents a proposal of a more holistic and operational measurement of human security based on a gendered and human rights based-approach. Resumen: El uso de indicadores en el derecho internacional y la gobernanza global ha crecido recientemente como base para la evaluación, la toma de decisiones y la legitimación conceptual y meto-dológica. Este estudio analizará el uso de diferentes dispositivos de medición construidos a nivel inter-nacional. Considerará la evaluación del estado de la seguridad humana como un estudio de caso, pres-tando especial atención a la relación de la seguridad humana, en su concepción 'estrecha' y 'amplia', con todos los derechos humanos: civiles, políticos, económicos, sociales y culturales, e incorporando la perspectiva de los riesgos agravados de seguridad humana que enfrentan las mujeres y las niñas a nivel global. Como resultado, el texto presenta una propuesta de medición de la seguridad humana más integral y operativa basada en un enfoque de género y de derechos humanos.
Global injustice, individual duties and non-ideal institutional circumstances
Civitas - Revista de Ciências Sociais, 2012
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Utopia Y Praxis Latinoamericana Revista Internacional De Filosofia Iberoamericana Y Teoria Social, 2002
En este artículo se presenta una extensión de la teoría de la justicia como equidad, expuesta por John Rawls en su obra Una Teoría de la Justicia (1971), para el nivel internacional, esto mismo procuró el autor hacer en Law of peoples (1999). En la primera obra, Rawls discutía la llamada teoría ideal, analizando la justicia en una sociedad bien ordenada. En la segunda obra, examina las posibles aplicaciones de esa teoría en el plano internacional para otras sociedades. Nuestro propósito es realizar un examen crítico de las ideas de Rawls, procurando demostrar hasta qué punto este intento de Rawls está bien fundado, indicando, si es preciso, alteraciones o complementos. El tema de la justicia a escala mundial, adquirió una relevancia inesperada con los recientes acontecimientos internacionales: la injusticia y la desigualdad, con sus consecuencias, como la forma y las penas, es un hecho que es preciso cancelar para redimensionar el mundo hacia el camino de la paz. Palabras clave: Justicia, relaciones internacionales, paz, desigualdad, filosofía política.
Empire, Race, and Global Justice, ed. Duncan Bell (Cambridge University Press), 2019
In this chapter I argue that scholars who are concerned about global justice should draw on perspectives from the global south. This claim rests on a modified version of standpoint theory, which I explain and defend. The term "global justice" describes normative theories about the sources and extent of obligations to combat economic inequality, human rights abuses, and poverty in poor countries. The title of one influential article captures the core concern of this approach succinctly: what do we owe to the global poor? 1 Drawing on Kantian or utilitarian frameworks, this literature urges people living in wealthy countries to examine their obligations to distant others. Before explaining the limitations of this approach, I want to emphasize its value. This way of posing the question forces students and scholars to consider themselves as agents who are at least partially responsible for the unfair distribution of burdens and benefits in the world. There are different ways of construing this responsibility. Some writers describe the source of this responsibility as the wealthy world's failure to meet the basic needs of the poor, and others emphasize that inequalities are actually produced by economic and political structures that benefit the privileged. 2 These philosophical arguments about responsibility call on the reader to respond, to think about global poverty, and to think about it in a way that gives it a sense of urgency and proximity. Furthermore, while early contributions such as Peter Singer's may have relied on problematic analogies and may have overlooked political and economic analysis, this is much less true of recent debates, which have focused
Global Economic Justice: A Structural Approach
This paper aims to make a contribution to the debate concerning the moral obligations which follow from the facts of the pervasiveness of acute poverty and the extent of global wealth and income inequality. I suggest that in order to make progress in this debate we need to move beyond two dominant ways of thinking about when the demands of distributive justice apply. The first approach focuses solely on the global distribution of resources, regardless of background social relations and institutions. This approach, exemplified by Simon Caney, identifies positive 'humanity based' obligations to promote or support institutions that fulfil the socio-economic rights of other humans. The second approach concentrates on the justice of the coercively enforced institutional arrangements governing access to resources. This approach, shared by theorists like Thomas Pogge, focuses on negative obligations not to harm other humans by imposing upon them resource regimes which avoidably fail to secure socio-economic human rights. I use Iris Young's concept of structural injustice to suggest that vulnerability to deprivation can be understood as a social structural position which results from the cumulative effect of a variety of global and national actions, norms and institutions. I draw on the concepts of social responsibility and civic duty to outline an account of social obligation. This obligation requires that individuals critically assess their social structures for any systematic injustice, and make efforts to work with others to establish and maintain legitimate means for avoiding or mitigating any structural injustice. I use this analysis to suggest that individuals who contribute to global social structures must make efforts to work with others who are similarly connected to global poverty towards preventing the continuation of extreme poverty and growing inequality.