Effects of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Surface Properties of Some EPDM/Butyl Rubber Composites (original) (raw)
Related papers
2011
Enhancing the tensile and impact properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) matrix is the main target of developing nanocomposite. The nanocomposite system was first prepared via melt intercalation method with different organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) loadings. Electron beam (EB) irradiation was applied as a crosslinking agent for modification of tensile and impact properties of HDPE/EPDM matrix and HDPE/EPDM filled OMMT systems. The effectiveness of EB irradiation technique were then compared with control one (uncrosslinked system) and analyzed based on the tensile and impact tests as well as morphological examination. The tensile and impact tests revealed that control and EB irradiated systems had attained the optimum tensile and impact properties at 4 vol% OMMT content. EB irradiated system at dose rate of 100 kGy showed excellent in tensile and impact properties with the highest crosslinking degree which were proved by gel content analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the existence of delamination structure with EB irradiation technique based on the disappearance of characteristic peak. The degree of delamination was further investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM).
Enhancing the tensile and impact properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) matrix is the main target of developing nanocomposite. The nanocomposite system was first prepared via melt intercalation method with different organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) loadings. Electron beam (EB) irradiation was applied as a crosslinking agent for modification of tensile and impact properties of HDPE/EPDM matrix and HDPE/EPDM filled OMMT systems. The effectiveness of EB irradiation technique were then compared with control one (uncrosslinked system) and analyzed based on the tensile and impact tests as well as morphological examination. The tensile and impact tests revealed that control and EB irradiated systems had attained the optimum tensile and impact properties at 4 vol% OMMT content. EB irradiated system at dose rate of 100 kGy showed excellent in tensile and impact properties with the highest crosslinking degree which were proved by gel content analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the existence of delamination structure with EB irradiation technique based on the disappearance of characteristic peak. The degree of delamination was further investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM).
A Method to Improve the Characteristics of EPDM Rubber Based Eco-Composites with Electron Beam
Polymers, 2020
A natural fiber reinforced composite, belonging to the class of eco composites, based on ethylene-propylene-terpolymer rubber (EPDM) and wood wastes were obtained by electron beam irradiation at 75, 150, 300, and 600 kGy in atmospheric conditions and at room temperature using a linear accelerator of 5.5 MeV. The sawdust (S), in amounts of 5 and 15 phr, respectively, was used to act as a natural filler for the improvement of physical and chemical characteristics. The cross-linking effects were evaluated through sol-gel analysis, mechanical tests, and Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR spectroscopy comparatively with the classic method with dibenzoyl peroxide (P) applied on the same types of samples at high temperature. Gel fraction exhibits values over 98% but, in the case of P cross-linking, is necessary to add more sawdust (15 phr) to obtain the same results as in the case of electron beam (EB) cross-linking (5 phr/300 kGy). Even if the EB cross-linking and sawdust addition have a rei...
Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology, 2009
Effect of electron beam (EB) irradiation on the properties of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) (50/50) blends was studied. The blends were firstly meltcompounded at 130 C followed with being irradiated using 4.0 MeV EB energy at doses ranging from 0 kGy to 200 kGy. It is found that the dosage of irradiation plays a key role in the properties of the blends. With the increasing dosage of irradiation, tensile strength and thermal stability were enhanced. The irradiation exerts a cross-linking effect on the blends, and the increase in density is responsible for the enhanced properties. Dynamic mechanical and thermal analyses and morphology indicate that irradiation does not play any negative role in the compatibility between EVA and EPDM. Hot set test reveals that irradiation could improve the heat deformation property of blends. Thus, it is reasonable and interesting to modify EVA/EPDM blends using EB irradiation to further increase its properties.
Evaluation of compatibility of EPDM and butyl rubber—II. Thermal and radiation stability
Polymer Degradation and Stability, 1998
The exposure of ethylene-propylene terpolymer/butyl rubber blends to gamma radiation was carried out in order to evaluate the level of their compatibilization. Three concentrations of the components (3:1, 1:1 and 1:3) were prepared. Gel content measurements were performed in o-xylene and oxygen uptake was used to characterize the oxidation stability of irradiated specimens. The optimal dose range for ecient crosslinking of EPDM/IIR blends is around 200 kGy. The derivatives of the O 2 ft dependences indicate the order of thermal stability of radiochemically processed samples. #
Effect of gamma irradiation on ethylene propylene diene terpolymer rubber composites
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms, 2008
Composites of ethylene propylene dine terpolymer rubber (EPDM), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and ground tire rubber powder (GTR) at different ratios were subjected to gamma irradiation at various doses up to 250 kGy. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties were investigated as a function of irradiation dose and blend composition. Gamma irradiation led to a significant improvement in the properties for all blend compositions. The results indicate that the improvement in properties is inversely proportional to the substituted ratio of GTR, attributed to the development of an interfacial adhesion between GTR and blend components. The results were confirmed by examining the fracture surfaces by scanning electron microscopy.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2001
Electron-beam initiated crosslinking of poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber blends, which contained trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), was carried out over a range of irradiation doses (20 -200 kGy) and concentrations of TMPTA (1-5 phr). The gel content increased with the irradiation dose and the TMPTA level, although the increase was marginal at higher doses and higher TMPTA levels. Blends containing 3-4 phr TMPTA achieved optimum crosslinking, which in effect caused the maximum tensile strength (TS) at a dose of 70 kGy. A further addition of TMPTA caused a decline in the TS above 40 kGy that was due to embrittlement, which is a consequence of excessive crosslinking and the breakdown of the network structure. The possible formation of a more open network as a result of the breakdown of the network structure was further confirmed by the modulus results. Dynamic mechanical analysis (tan ␦ curve) and scanning electron microscopy studies on samples irradiated at 0 and 200 kGy were undertaken in order to gain further evidence on the irradiationinduced crosslinking. The plasticizing effect of TMPTA prior to irradiation and the formation of microgels upon irradiation were also discussed.
The nanocomposite with the application of high energy electron beam irradiation (EB) at 100 kGy dose rate was developed via melt intercalation method aiming at enhance thermal properties of high density polyethyle (HDPE)/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) matrix and HDPE/EPDM filled organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT). In this study, the introduction of 4 vol% OMMT was found to enhance the thermal properties of nanocomposites. These thermal properties were further improved with the aids of crosslinking agent namely as electron beam irradiation (EB). Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) revealed the stacking condition of OMMT particles was greatly reduced with crosslinking agents particularly with EB irradiated system as evidenced by finer surface.
Effect of Nanoclay on EPDM Composites under Gamma Irradiation
2017
The polymers used for the insulation and jacket materials for electric cables are susceptible to degradation mechanisms caused by exposure to many of the stressors encountered in nuclear power plant service environments. Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) is the most common type of polymer used in cables insulations used in NPP. In order to improve the EPDM insulation rubber performance, many additives can be added to the EPDM compounds. Nanoclay is selected to improve the resistance of EPDM rubber against gamma irradiation up to 600KGy. The effect of different concentration of nanoclay on the mechanical and physical properties of the EPDM rubber is investigated. The physical and mechanical properties of the EPDM rubber compounds were evaluated by measuring swelling ratio, crosslinking density, tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness. The results of the present study show that the addition of Nanoclay as an additive improves the physical and mechanical perform...
Journal of Nanotechnology, 2011
Improving the mechanical properties of a pristine system is the main target of developing nanocomposites. The nanocomposites systems were first prepared via intercalation technique with different organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) loading. Two types of cross-linking techniques were applied, namely, as maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) and electron beam (EB) irradiated system. The effectiveness of these systems was then compared with the control one and analyzed based on the mechanical tests and morphological examination. The mechanical tests revealed that control, MAPE, and EB irradiated systems had attained the optimum mechanical properties at 4 vol% OMMT content. EB irradiated unit of a dose of 100 kGy showed excellent mechanical properties with higher crosslinking degree which were proved by gel content analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the existence of delamination structure with MAPE and EB irradiation techniques based on the disappearance of characteristic peak. The degree of delamination was further investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM).