Bionomics of Trioxys indicus Subba Rao & Sharma, an Aphidiid Parasitoid of Aphis craccivora Koch. 23. Factors Associated with Host-Stage Preference (original) (raw)
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Host species suitability and instar preference of Aphidius ervi and Aphelinus abdominalis
Entomologia Generalis, 2017
Parasitism rates and parasitoid development can be influenced by the species and developmental stage of the host, both of these factors can influence parasitoid performance and fitness. In this study, parasitism rates and developmental parameters were assessed for two widely distributed and commercially available species of aphid parasitoid: Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Aphelinus abdominalis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). In a first bioassay, parasitism rates and parasitoid development were investigated in different host species. The wasp A. ervi was tested on Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Rhopalosiphum padi, and Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and A. abdominalis was tested on M. persicae, R. padi, and Rhopalosiphum maidis (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The results indicated that A. ervi had a greater percentage of emergence, higher percentage of parasitized aphids, longer developmental time, and higher proportion of females in M. persicae than in the other hosts. A. abdominalis had a greater percentage of emergence, larger progeny, and shorter developmental time in R. padi than in the other hosts. A second bioassay evaluated the preference of the parasitoids for different instars of their respective optimum host aphids in terms of parasitism and development, as determined in the first bioassay. The results showed that A. ervi produced a greater number of mummies in the fourth instar and in adults of M. persicae. In contrast, A. abdominalis preferred the first instar of R. padi. In conclusion, our results indicate that both parasitoid species exhibit different parasitism parameters depending upon the host species and the host stage. This suggests that these parasitoid species could be potentially complementary on multiple or combined releases of biological control programs. 348 M.C. Velasco-Hernández et al.
Static and Dynamic Criteria in Host Evaluation by Aphid Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)
1995
The host selection and foraging behaviour of seven species of aphid parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) was studied in the laboratory (number of species varied among experiments): Aphidius ervi. A. pisivorus, A. smithi, Ephedrus californicus, Lysiphlebus testaceipes, Monoctonus paulensis, and Praon pequodorum. When provided with choices between two aphid species (Acyrthosiphum pisum, Macrosiphum creelii) and two colour forms (green and pink M. creelii), five of six parasitoid species distinguished between hosts on the basis of both colour and species. In darkness, host preference was unchanged in A. ervi and M. paulensis, disappeared in A. pisivorus, and was reversed in P. pequodorum. Host movement elicited attack by Aphidius species and P. pequodorum. E. californicus did not orient visually to hosts; rate of parasitization varied with aphid defensive behaviour. Antenna1 contact with aphid cuticle appeared to confirm host recognition in all species. Rates of parasitism and superparasitism by A. ervi and M. paulensis varied with individual experiences. A. ervi females parasitized more preferred hosts (A. pisum) after encounters with a less-preferred host (M. creelii), whereas M. paulensis females accepted fewer M. creelii after encounters with A. pisum. Self superparasitism by M. paulensis females declined with egg load, but increased with mating and exposure to conspecifics. Patch residence time and number of hosts parasitized by virgin M. paulensis females increased with age and following encounters with parasitized hosts. Mating increased patch residence time andlor number of aphids parasitized by females of A. smithi, E. californicus, M. paulensis and P. pequodorum, but had no effect on L testaceipes. DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my parents, Roland and Barbara Michaud, for their lifelong support, and to my wife, Anastasia, for her patience and encouragement over the last four years. I wish to thank my supervisor, Dr. M. Mackauer. for his valued advice and guidance, for financial assistance, and most of all, for providing me with the opportunity to pursue my own ideas. 1 am also indebted to Drs. Peter Belton and Bernie Roitberg for their editorial suggestions and critiques which have helped improve this manuscript, and to Liping Wang who assisted me with many of the experiments in Chapter 111. Finally, I must thank the various colleagues who have shared our laboratory over the past five years and provided many valuable and spirited discussions:
2004
Host stage preference, juvenile mortality and functional response of the walnut aphid parasitoid wasp, Trioxys pallidus were studied in laboratory constant conditions (26±2◦ C, 60±5% relative humidity, 16 L: 8 D photoperiod). Populations of the walnut aphid, Chromaphis juglandicola and its parasitoid were collected from the field and reared on walnut seedlings in a growth chamber. Juvenile mortality of the parasitoid was 53.46, 8.01, 2.27 and 6.72% for the 1st to 4th instar nymphs of host aphid, respectively.
Bulletin of …, 2006
The parasitoids Aphidius colemani Viereck and Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera Braconidae and Aphidiinae) play an important role in both natural and applied biological control of Aphis gossypii Glover (Rhynchota Aphididae). The use of both parasitoid species in biological control of A. gossypii may expose them to interspecific competition. Larval competition was evaluated to determine the existence of intrinsic superiority of either A. colemani or L. testaceipes after multiparasitism of A. gossypii. Nymphs of the 2 nd instar of A. gossypii parasitized by both parasitoid species were used to test the outcome of interspecific larval competition. Thirty nine adults of A. colemani and 72 adults of L. testaceipes emerged from multiparasitized aphids. It appears that the parasitoid L. testaceipes was superior in larval competition (χ 2 IGL = 15.46, P ≤ 0.01) to A. colemani in A. gossypii. The intrinsic superiority of L. testaceipes may cause the displacement of A. colemani and, therefore, the simultaneous use of both parasitoids in biological control of A. gossypii should be carefully analyzed.
Journal of Plant Protection Research, 2013
The life table provides an integrated and comprehensive description of development times, survivorship, and reproduction of a population. Life table parameters of aphidophagous midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani (Dip., Cecidomyiidae) on different densities (5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80) of third instar nymphs of Aphis craccivora Koch as prey, were studiedat (25±1°C, 70±5% relative humidity (RH) and a photoperiod of 16L : 8D h). There were no significant differences among the adult pre-ovipositional periods (APOP) at different prey densities. The total pre-ovipositional period (TPOP) of female A. aphidimyza was reduced significantly as prey density increased. The oviposition period was significantly different at varying prey densities. It was 4.333±0.211 and 5.625±0.324 days at the lowest and highest prey densities, respectively. Female longevity was also significantly different at varying prey densities. Fecundity was directly dependent on prey density (R 2 = 0.990). The lowest fecundity was obtained at a density of 5 prey (52.5±1.544 eggs) and the highest was at a density of 80 prey, per day (121.375±4.301 eggs). The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was prey density dependent (R 2 = 0.958), and ranged from 0.122±0.017 to 0.193±0.014 d -1 as prey density increased. The net reproductive rate (R 0 ) was significantly increased as prey density increased. The peak reproductive values showed that female aphidophagous midges at the age of 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 days made the highest contribution to the population at different prey densities. It was concluded that the increase in the densitits of third instar nymphs of A. craccivora had significant effects on demographic parameters of A. aphidimyza.
Environmental Entomology, 2010
Since its introduction in 2000, the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) has been a serious pest of soybean in North America. Currently, insecticide application is the only recommended control method. However, a number of natural enemies have the potential to regulate soybean aphid populations. In 2007, Aphelinus certus Yasnosh, a soybean aphid parasitoid native to Asia, was found in commercial soybean Þelds in Ontario. This is the Þrst record of this species in North America. To evaluate the potential biological control services provided by A. certus for soybean aphid management, temperature-dependent developmental parameters and functional response to soybean aphid were determined. A. certus is capable of completing its development between temperatures of 15.3 and 30.2ЊC. The lower thresholds of development for the egg-mummy and mummy-adult life stages were determined to be 9.1 and 11.6ЊC, respectively. The lethal temperature of development for the egg-mummy and mummy-adult life stages were 29.5 and 31.0ЊC, respectively. In this temperature range, A. certus did not exhibit temperature-dependent mortality; however, parasitism rate increased with temperature. A. certus exhibited a type II functional response to the soybean aphid.
Entomological Science, 2007
Host stage preference, functional response and mutual interference of Aphidius matricariae (Haliday) (Hym.: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), parasitoid of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hom.: Aphididae) were investigated in a growth chamber at a temperature of 25°C, 65% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16 h light : 8 h dark on the PP8 variety of sugar beet. Nicholson's model and linear regression were used to determine per capita searching efficiency and interference coefficient, respectively. The highest parasitism percentage was observed on the third instar nymphs of A. fabae in both choice and no-choice preference tests. There was significant difference between rates of parasitism on different stages of A. fabae (P < 0.01). Using logistic regression, a type II functional response was determined for A. matricariae. The Holling and Rogers models were used for estimating searching efficiency (a) and handling time (Th). The data was fitted by the Rogers equation better than by the Holling disc equation based on the R 2 values. The estimated values of searching efficiency and handling time were 0.040 Ϯ 0.013/h and 3.439 Ϯ 0.383 h, respectively. The per capita searching efficiency decreased significantly from 0.272 to 0.139 as parasitoid densities increased from one to five. Therefore, different host-parasitoid ratios could affect the efficacy of A. matricariae.
1986
C a m d m Theses Servtce . # Otlawa. Canada Kl k ON4 CANADIAN THESES 7 s ' THESES CANADIENNES NOTICE AVlS . . The qualrty of th~S%mofrche is heav~ly dependerrt upon the qtrahty of the orrgmal thests submrtted lor rn~crof~!.rarng Every eflofl has been made to ensure the hkhest quatrty of reprodxt o n possrbie . La qualrte de cette mtcrofiche depend grandement de la qual~te de la these soumlse au m~crofilmage Nous avons tout far1 pour assurer tine quahte su&rieure de reproductton If pages ace mrssmg, contact the untversrty rvht~h @fanled !he degree S'rl manque des pages, veu~ller communrquer avec I'unrver-s11& qut a confer6 ie grade %me pages may hav? ~nd~sfrnct print especraily i f the ortginai pages were typed wtth a poor typewr~ler r b b m or 11 ttbe iinlversity sent us an infertor photocopy -La qual~tk d'rmpresson de cerrames pages peut la~sser B M l r e r , surtout SI les pages orlglnales ont 816 dactylographr&s a !'ad@ d'un ruban i;s& ou st i wiverstte nous a fatt m e photccopre de quatrte ~nterreure Prevruusiy cwyfyfnled materials (j0ufW artcies pubilshed ' Les documents qui font dQa l'objer d'un droll d'auleur (articles tests elc ) are not li!med de revue examens publr&s etc j ne sow pas mrcrofrlm~s C Reproductron in ftill o: tn part of Ih:s film is governed b y !he l a reproductton meme par!ielle de ce rnrcrafilm est soumrse Canadian Cooyrignr Act R S C 1970 c C-30 8 la Lot canad~enne sur ie droi! d auleur SRC 1970 c C-30 MICROFILMEE E L E QUE HAS BEEN MlCROFlLMED EXACTLY AS RECEWED 9 , -0 ----HOST-IHSTAR P REWCE OF PRAON PEQUODORUh VIERECK (HYWENOPTERA: , APBIDIIDAE) AHD EFFECT OF PARASITISM ON THE REPRODUCTIVE A . POTENTIAL QF THE HOST, ACYRTHOSIPHON P I N & (HARFtIS) (HOMOPTERA: Richard Sequeira 3. Sc. ( A g r i c . ) , Mahatma P h u l e A g r i c u l t u r a l University, -~a h a k a s h t r a , I n d i a , 1 982,L'-----I THE 2EQUJREMEKTS F3R THE DEGRZE OF MASTSF! OF PEST MANAGEMENT i z t h e Department Bioiogical Sciences G R i c h a r d Scqueira 1986 SIM3K FZASER UNIVERSITY 3 s t~b c r :986 A i l rishts reserved. This work may n o t be "reproduced ir r h o i e or i n p a r t , by photocopy o r o t h e r means, without permission of t h e a u t h o s . Richard Vincent Sequeira TI t le o f Professional 'paFPrjr : H o s t -i n s t a r p r e f e r e n c e of Pram pequodoru Viereck , (t4ymenaptera:Aphldi~dae~ and e f f e c t of parasitism on the r e p r o d u c t i v e 'potential of theu host, Ac rthosi hon p l s u (Wris) (Horoptera:Aphididae _Y__p Dr. 3 . H. Rurder,, Professor PAW !A€. COPYR f GHT C f CENSE t hereby grant to S i m n frsssr Untv6_tlfty t h e rtght t o IQM my t b s i 5 , project or extended essay (the .'ftle of r h l c h Is shorn betow) to users of The S lmon Frsser Unlversl ty t t b r w y , end t o make p s r t t~f or single copies only for such ussrs or In response to a request from t h e l i b r a r y o f any other unlvers l t y , or other aducatlonst I n s t i t u t Ion, on i t s oun b e h a l f or tor one of i t s users. I f u r t h e r agr6e thst permission for rnulilple copying o thls work for scholarly purposes m y be granted