Manufacturing and testing of lightweight, liner-less all-composite tanks for storage and transportation of CNG (original) (raw)
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IJERT-Design, Fabrication and Testing of Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessel for CNG Storage
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014
https://www.ijert.org/design-fabrication-and-testing-of-composite-overwrapped-pressure-vessel-for-cng-storage https://www.ijert.org/research/design-fabrication-and-testing-of-composite-overwrapped-pressure-vessel-for-cng-storage-IJERTV3IS120239.pdf The compressed natural gas (CNG) cylinder pressure vessel becomes more important in natural gas vehicles (NGV) fuel driving system due to increase in demand for CNG. CNG pressure vessel suitable for gas operated vehicles can be made of fully metal, hoop wrapped with metal liner, fully wrapped with metal liner or fully composite. The fully metal pressure vessels are cheap but it will not prevent catastrophic failures and weight is also more. These limitations can be reduced by using composite pressure vessel. This paper discusses the design and fabrication of pressure vessel manufactured by carbon fiber reinforced epoxy based composite material with thin metallic liner. This study revealed that composite overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) can be operated at higher pressures as compared to metallic storage cylinders.
Pressure vessels are essentially storage vessels, but they find a large variety of applications in assorted fields like in industrial processing equipment, where they are subjected to unusual conditions of pressure, temperature and environment. Pressure vessels were constructed from isotropic materials such as steel and aluminum. But now, with the advent of composites In the present study a 70 liters capacity CNG (compressed natural gas) gas cylinder is designed in accordance to ISO 11439:2000(E) standard. The composite gas cylinder is designed for burst pressure 730 bar (73MPa) using netting analysis of filament winding technology. The CNG gas cylinder comprises of cylinder and two end domes, out of one end dome being totally closed. The results indicate the gas cylinder under given loading and boundary condition is safe.
Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2011
The shape and thickness of the dome were investigated with the aim of optimizing the type II CNG storage vessels by using a finite element analysis technique. The thickness of the liners and reinforcing materials was optimized based on the requirement of the cylinder and dome parts. In addition, the shape of the dome, which is most suitable for type II CNG storage vessels, was proposed by a process of review and analysis of various existing shapes, and the minimum thickness was established in this sequence: metal liners, composite materials and dome parts. Therefore, the new proposed shape products give a mass reduction of 4.8 kg(5.1%
Polymers
The new generation presented for CNG fuel tanks of vehicles (type-IV) is made entirely of composites. The reason for that is to prevent the sudden explosion of metal tanks and to use the advantage of gas leakage in composite materials. Previous research has shown that type-IV CNG fuel tanks also have challenges such as variable wall thickness in outer shell parts, which are prone to failure under cyclic refueling loading. The optimization of this structure is on the agenda of many scholars and automakers, and in this regard, there are many standards for strength assessment. Despite reporting injury events, it seems that another parameter should be included in these calculations. In this article, the authors have attempted to numerically investigate the effect of drivers’ refueling habits on the service life of type-IV CNG fuel tanks. For this purpose, a 34-L CNG tank made of glass/epoxy composite, polyethylene, and Al-7075T6, respectively, for the outer shell parts, liner, and flang...
Thermodynamic Analysis of CNG Fast Filling Process of Composite Cylinder Type IV
Energies
Due to ecological and economic advantages, natural gas is used as an alternative fuel in the transportation sector in the form of compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Development of infrastructure is necessary to popularize vehicles that use alternative fuels. Selected positive factors from EU countries supporting the development of the CNG market were discussed. The process of natural gas vehicle (NGV) fast filling is related to thermodynamic phenomena occurring in a tank. In this study, the first law of thermodynamics and continuity equations were applied to develop a theoretical model to investigate the effects of natural gas composition on the filling process and the final in-cylinder conditions of NGV on-board composite cylinder (type IV). Peng–Robinson equation of state (P-R EOS) was applied, and a lightweight composite tank (type IV) was considered as an adiabatic system. The authors have devised a model to determine the influence of natural gas compo...
Finite Element Analysis of All Composite CNG Cylinders
It is the need of time to ensure the safe operation of compressed natural gas (CNG) cylinders under adverse conditions; the extremities should be predicted under which these cylinders continue to operate without failing.A comprehensive modelling approach in order to predict the behavior and failure of CNG cylinders under various loading conditions has been proposed using Finite Element (FE) Software-ANSYS. In the present investigation two different materials viz. glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy are used separately and in combination with different patterns of helical and hoop windings, for outer reinforced layers of all composite gas cylinder. Cloud diagram of stress and strain under operating pressure, test pressure and burst pressure are obtained and discussed in detail. The material of the innermost layer of the cylinder i.e. liner should be selected reasonably as it serves as the gas permeation barrier.
Design & optimization of LNG-CNG cylinder for optimum weight
IJSRD, 2013
In current automobile sector, the weight of the vehicle is too important to increase the efficiency of the vehicle. There are too many component or subassemblies are in the automobile vehicle. In this paper the weight of the HYDROGEN fuel tank is optimized by applying the composite material concept with the existing material of the fuel tank. Initially the dimensional calculation for the existing pressure vessel and compare with the existing cylinder and then the FEA ( Finite Element Analysis) applied on the cylinder and material optimize up to the stress reaching equivalent to the stress of the existing cylinder. After that the dimension of the cylinder are finalize. The analysis yields a weight reduction of fuel tank.
Applied Sciences
Natural gas is becoming increasingly important to meet the growing demand for energy, guaranteeing a reduction in polluting emissions. Transportation in form of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) could be an alternative to the traditional transportation by pipeline or, as liquefied gas, by ships, but the ratio between the mass of transported gas and the container weight is currently too low. One of the many projects focusing on the development of innovative lightweight pressure cylinders is GASVESSEL, which proposes composite cylinders with a diameter of more than 3 m: loaded on a ship, they could allow transporting quantities of CNG as big as 10,000 tons. The related loading and unloading processes affect both the overall time required for transport and the quantity of transported gas; therefore, they have an impact on the economic feasibility of the whole project. In this paper, a newly developed process simulation model is presented that allows assessing the duration of the loading and...
Analysis of propellant tank made of different types of composites
SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL SCIENCE, SMART STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS: ICMSS-2019
Composite materials typically made of fiber reinforcements combined with epoxy resins are highly used in different applications due to its extraordinary material properties. This work aims to investigate the structural responses of propellant tank made up of composites and the work is done for three types of composite materials for varying dimensions. Three dimensional shell models are considered for the structural analysis of propellant tank. Numerical results are obtained by employing ANSYS APDL software. The results are presented for the bending and vibration characteristics of composite propellant tanks made of graphite-epoxy, Kevlar-epoxy, glass-epoxy materials for various dimensions.
A New Concept for CNG Carriers and Floating CNG/Oil Processing and Storage Offshore Platforms
The collection and transportation of Natural Gas from small gas fields is the current focus of the Offshore Gas industry. To transport the gas from the field to the land distribution point there are two choices LNG or CNG. For the small fields and/or short transportation distance it appears that the best solution is CNG. The paper describes the application of a new containment tank system that has significant benefits for CNG carriers as well as Floating Oil/CNG Processing and Storage Offshore Platforms (FOCNGPSO) and Floating CNG Processing and Storage Offshore Platforms (FCNGPSO). Because of the shape of the CDTS advanced structural analysis is required to design it. Therefore the paper also presents the application of CAE methods using Altair Engineering's Hyperworks suite of advanced structural design, analysis and optimization tools. State-of-the-art optimization techniques like Topology and Free-Size optimization are showcased in this effort.