Detection of bacteriuria and pyuria within two minutes (original) (raw)
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Detection of bacteriuria and pyuria by URISCREEN a rapid enzymatic screening test
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1992
A multicenter study was performed to evaluate the ability of the URISCREEN (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.), a 2-min catalase tube test, to detect bacteriuria and pyuria. This test was compared with the Chemstrip LN (BioDynamics, Division of Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Ind.), a 2-min enzyme dipstick test; a semiquantitative plate culture method was used as the reference test for bacteriuria, and the Gram stain or a quantitative chamber count method was used as the reference test for pyuria. Each test was evaluated for its ability to detect probable pathogens at greater than or equal to 10(2) CFU/ml and/or greater than or equal to 1 leukocyte per oil immersion field, as determined by the Gram stain method, or greater than 10 leukocytes per microliter, as determined by the quantitative count method. A total of 1,500 urine specimens were included in this evaluation. There were 298 specimens with greater than or equal 10(2) CFU/ml and 451 specimens with pyuria. Of...
Evaluation of Rapid Methods for the Detection of Bacteriuria (Screening) in Primary Health Care
Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica, 2009
Evaluation of rapid methods for the detection of bacteriuria (screening) in primary health care. Acta path. microbiol. immunol. scand. Sect. B, 94: The diagnostic performance of six methods for bacteriuria testing has been studied in 781 urine specimens obtained in primary health care, using conventional culture as reference method. The cutoff limits for classification of test results into positive and negative have been optimized with respect to diagnostic performance in primary health care. With optimized tests the following diagnostic efficiencies were obtained: 1) Bacterial ATP, 0.94; 2) Bacterial count in sediment, 0.93; 3) Nitrite test, 0,92; 4) Dipslide test, 0,92; 5) White cell count in sediment; 0,87; 6) Granulocyte esterase test; 0.83. The diagnostic performance was also studied for all combinations of two tests. The highest diagnostic efficiency (0.96) was obtained by combining the ATP and dipslide tests. High diagnostic efficiencies can be obtained by a rapid primary test, using other tests for follow-up testing of specimens with intermediate or uninterpretable primary results. The most promising results were obtained by using ATP as the primary test, with follow-up testing of specimens with 3-25 nmol/l of ATP (12 per cent of the specimens). Follow-up testing by conventional culture resulted in overall diagnostic efficiency of 0.98. By performing the nitrite test on specimens with intermediary ATP-results, 81 per cent of the patients with UTI can be classified without culture. Only patients with intermediary ATP and negative nitrite results (10 per cent of the total number) will have to wait for final diagnosis based on conventional culture. Some alternative strategies to combine available methods are discussed in detail. Major advantages of the ATP test are that the test can be performed while the patients are waiting; it provides a numerical and objective result, and, in contrast to culture, it is not influenced by adhesion of bacteria to somatic cells.
Comparison of various screening methods for presumptive diagnosis of significant bacteriuria
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2016
Background: Urinary tract infection is a common source of bacterial infection among people of any age. Urinalysis is one of the important and useful urological tests for diagnosis of the infection. Microscopic examination of urine, catalase test, and the dipstick urinalyses (leukocyte esterase test and nitrite test) are common tests used for detecting bacteriuria and pyuria. Although culture is the gold standard method for diagnosis of urinary tract infection, the culture is an expensive and time-consuming method. Objective: (1) To compare dipstick urinalysis with microscopic urinalysis, (2) to compare dipstick and microscopic urinalyses results with urine culture results, by calculating performance characteristics of dipstick tests, and (3) to compare catalase test with urine culture results. Materials and Methods: The 1,000 urine specimens were processed by using dipstick and microscopic urinalyses and cultured. Reagent strips reading and microscopic examination were included in laboratory urinalysis in this study. Result: Of 1,000 urine samples of patients, 186 (18.6%) patients revealed urine cultures with significant bacteriuria (10 5 colonies/mL or greater). Sensitivity and specificity of microscopic urinalysis bacteriuria were 96.77% and 98.52%, respectively. Whereas, in dipstick urinalysis, sensitivity and specificity of nitrite test were 90% and 97% and, in leukocyte esterase test, they were 87% and 95%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of catalase test for bacteriuria were 88.63% and 75.86%, respectively. Conclusion: Dipstick test could be used more effectively as office procedure in rural areas where laboratory facility for microscopy and culture is not available for diagnosis of urinary tract infection.
Assessment of Pyuria and Bacterial Count for the Determination of Significant Bacteriuria
This study was undertaken to assess the importance of pyuria and low-count bacteriuria in patients with urinary symptoms in the determination of significant bacteriuria. Catheter and midstream urine samples were collected from male patients, pregnant and non-pregnant women with acute urinary symptoms over a three-year period. Quantitative determination of bacteriuria, pyruria and typing of bacterial species were carried out. The prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in hospital patients for the period investigated was 58.7%. Females were the more susceptible group with a prevalence of 77.5% compared to males with a prevalence of 21.4%. The effect of catheterization on UTI was only significant in males (70% vs 18.1%) and not in females (89.6% vs 76.2%). Pregnancy was not a contributory factor to infection in this study. High level pyuria was characteristic of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus infections. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus are lead...
Detection of urinary tract infections by rapid methods
Clinical microbiology reviews, 1988
A review of rapid urine screens for detection of bacteriuria and pyuria demonstrates a number of available alternatives to the culture method. Selection of one or more of these systems for routine use is dependent upon the laboratory and the patient population being tested. The laboratory approach to the diagnosis of urinary tract infection should consider the clinical diagnosis of the patient whenever possible. Keeping in mind that quantitative urine cultures alone cannot be used to detect infection in some patient populations unless lower colony counts are considered, a rapid screen may be a more practical approach. It has become accepted that 10(5) CFU/ml can no longer be used as the standard for all patient groups, that pyuria often is important in making the diagnosis of a urinary tract infection, and that most of the rapid screens are more sensitive than the culture method at 10(5) CFU/ml. Presently, no one approach can be recommended for all laboratories and all patient group...
Automated methods for detection of bacteriuria
The American Journal of Medicine, 1983
Urine specimens represent a large portion of cultures received by the clinical microbiology laboratory. Much time and effort are spent screening these specimens and approximately 80 percent show no growth. The methods employed for detection of bacteriurla include microscopic, chemical, culture, and automated. The most widely used procedure has been an agar plate culture method. However, this method requires overnight incubation and therefore results are delayed. Within the last decade many automated methods have been introduced for detecting bacteriuria, and results are available more rapidly than wlth the agar plate culture method. In addition to decreased detection time, these systems are accurate and costeffective. The purpose of this report is to review these automated bacteriuria screening systems, which include bioluminescence, calorimetry, electrochemical screening, electrical Impedance, mlcrocalorimetry, photometry, and radiometry. Accuracy, detection time, and cost are also discussed in this review.
Research, Society and Development
Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most frequent infectious diseases of small animals. Although antimicrobial therapy is recommended for treating bacterial UTIs, the current consensus is that treatment may not be necessary for asymptomatic animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of urinalysis to detect bacteriuria and to compare it with urine culture (gold standard method) to assess the risk of false-positive results. A retrospective study was conducted from January 2016 to July 2019 and urine samples of 119 dogs were analyzed. Diagnostic validation was performed for urinalysis, based on the morphological classification and intensity of bacteriuria. Agreement between the results was assessed using the kappa (k) index. When the presence of cocci was used as a diagnostic criterion to suggest bacteriuria, it was observed that the agreement (k = -0.006) was lower than that expected by chance. However, a poor agreement (k = 0.22) was also...
International journal of applied research, 2018
Calibrated platinum loop had come into general use in determining CFU in urine and found that it was comparable to the pour plate technique in determining the number of organisms present in urine. But later the it was considered only semiquantitative and not very reliable. Several other screening methods have been advocated for use in detecting bacteriuria like paper strips, nitrate reductase, TTC test, BACTEC automated screening system and catalase test have been developed by rapid screening of urine for bacteriuria. However, scanty information regarding this subject was found in the literature, particularly in relation to the possibility of compromising the sensitivity or specificity of the method by using urine volumes less than 50 μl. Hence, in this study, we carried out a comparative study of microscopic examination of un-centrifuged urine applied with a calibrated loop (10 μl) and stained with Grams staining, applied as a drop (50 μl) and examined as wet film, chemical tests o...
Relationship Between Pyuria and Bacteriuria in Suspected Urinary Tract Infection
Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a serious health problem affecting millions of people each year around the world. Clinical features, pyuria, and bacteriuria are the three criteria which must be met for the confirm diagnosis of UTI. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between pyuria and bacteriuria in patients with suspected UTI at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH).
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.9\_Issue.3\_March2022/IJRR-Abstract052.html, 2022
Although culture is the gold standard for diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTI), microscopy of well mixed drop of urine and several different dipstick rapid tests have become popular over the years, as culture is expensive, time consuming and requires a wellestablished microbiological laboratory and technical expertise. Rapid screening is also required in special circumstances, not only where it is difficult to identify urinary tract infection (UTI) on basis of clinical criteria alone but also where early diagnosis and prevention of complications affords significant benefit. This prospective cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology of Government Medical College, Srinagar. A total of 800 patients were taken up for the study. Samples following the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Gram staining, wet mount for detection of pus cells and urine culture was performed. Data was compiled and compared with culture as gold standard for diagnosis of UTI. Results: wet mount examination for detection of pyuria was done on all 800 samples taken up for study which gave sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of 75%, 55%, 37.14%, 86.32% respectively when compared to conventional culture. Gram staining for detection of bacteriuria was also done on all 800 samples and showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of 90%, 89%, 74.51%, and 96.17% in comparison to culture. Conclusion: Although urine culture is used as the reference standard to determine the presence or absence of urinary tract infection (UTI), but it is an expensive and time consuming method. Substituting rapid diagnostic tests for a hospital laboratory urine analysis may be less time consuming and less expensive .