A review on sea cucumber (Bengali: Somuddro Sosha) as a bioindicator of heavy metal contamination and toxicity (original) (raw)
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Trace Metal Accumulation in Tissue of Sea Cucumber Species; North-Western Sea of Sri Lanka
The presence of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr) and mercury (Hg) has been studied in ten sea cucumber (Holothurians) species in the Northwestern sea of Kalpitiya and Dutch Bay area (Sri Lanka) during October- November 2008 and 2009. The concentration of in holothurians body wall have been found to range from 1.84-9.18 mg/kg (Cu), 5.03-56.68 mg/kg (Fe), 3.68-24.38 mg/kg (Zn), <0.04-4.70 mg/kg (Cr), 0.04-2.29 mg/kg (Pb), 41.62-128.93 μg/kg (Cd), 0.07-0.25mg/kg (Co) and 24.63-445.69 μg/kg (Hg) in dry weight basis. The results show that, according to European legislation, the body wall of holothurians is generally “safe”, although the high levels of iron in all holothurians are noticeable.
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries; Vol. 25(3): 619 – 633 (2021), 2021
The present work was organized to evaluate the trace metal contaminations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni in the organs of Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1791), at two sites on the Algerian west coast; Ain Franine (AF) and Sidi Lakhdar (SL). The obtained concentrations revealed the presence of heterogeneous metal contents and showed that the most important concentrations were relatively detected in zinc, with values of the male gonads at the level of AF (16.39 ± 2.38 mg / kg PF) for winter and SL (4.65 ± 0.59mg / kg PF) for summer. The lowest zinc values were recorded on the integument for the two sites. The highest Cu values were recorded in spring on the integument of two groups of Holothuria tubulosa. Nickel concentrations showed a high value in the integuments in males (1.08 ±0.03mg / kgP.F) at AF during summer and at SL in spring (0.93 ± 0.02mg / kg PF). While they recorded the lowest values in winter for sea cucumbers of FA and in spring for those of SL for the same organ. The lead concentrations revealed high values on the integument with (1.77 ± 0.56 mg / kg PF) in winter for SL sea cucumbers and (1.36 ± 0.04 mg / kg PF) in summer for those from AF. Moreover, cadmium targeted the same organ as lead where high values were noticed on the integuments during fall for the two communities of sea cucumbers of the order of (0.51 ± 0.03 mg / kg PF) to AF and from (0.43 ± 0.01mg / kg PF) to SL. The analysis of the metal concentrations obtained revealed that, despite the difference in biotope, the two communities of Holothuria tubulosa did not present a significant difference (P> 0.005) for all the metals considered.
2021
Recently, environmental bio monitoring strategies are more than ever at the heart of the concerns of the studying groups from international bodies. The use of chosen bioindicators within the affected marine communities represents one of the means of assessing the impact of human development on marine ecosystems to prevent critical situations by setting up restoration and conservation tools. The species most often frequenting Algerian waters are Holothuria forskali, Holothuria stellati, Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli, Holothuria (Platyperona) sanctori ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: Jan. 7, 2021 Accepted: May 28, 2021 Online: June 25, 2021 _______________
Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 2017
To determine heavy metal concentrations in holothurians (Holothuria arenicola, Holothuria pardalis, Holothuria verrucosa, Holothuria atra, Ohshimella ehrenbergii, Holothuria cinerascens, Stolus buccalis and Holothuria leucospilota), sediments and sea water samples from both Buleji and Sunehri coasts bordering Northern Arabian Sea during January to December 2014 and to assess the level of bioaccumulation using bioaccumulation factors. Methods: Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb levels were determined by Perkin Elmer AAnalyst 700 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Biota concentration factor (BCF) and biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) were also calculated. Results: The mean concentrations of heavy metals in body wall of sea cucumber ranged from 0.11 to 2.67, 0.43 to 8.93, 14 to 73, 0.76 to 7.12, 0.52 to 3.02 and 11 to 46 µg/g dry wright for Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn, respectively. The greatest biota-sediment bioaccumulation factor (BSAF) value for Zn (3.29) was observed in H. leucospilota at Buleji during pre-monsoon, indicating the species as microconcentrator. The BSAF values for Cd in sea cucumber ranged from 0.042 to 1.492. Conclusions: The results suggested that the studied sea cucumber species ranged from being microconcentrators to deconcentrators. The BSAF values of Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb were low, indicating the species as deconcentrators. Zn in all species from Sunehri coast is "very bioaccumulative" (BCF > 5 000) during all sampling periods. Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb can be considered "bioaccumulative" (BCF < 5 000).
This study was performed to determine the concentrations of some trace metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Fe) in Holothuria tubuosa (Gmelin, 1788) belonging to Echinoderm species and in sediments that they live at three different stations (Gelibolu, Umur Bey/Lapseki, and Dardanos) on Dardanelles Strait between April 2013 and March 2014. The mean trace metal concentrations determined in H. tubulosa and sediment were as follows: Cd 0.18 mg/kg, Cu 2.43 mg/ kg, Pb 2.09 mg/kg, Ni 14.58 mg/kg, Zn 16.86 mg/kg, and Fe 73.46 mg/kg and Cd 0.70 mg/kg, Cu 5.03 mg/kg, Pb 14.57 mg/kg, Ni 27.15 mg/kg, Zn 54.52 mg/kg, and Fe 3779.9 mg/kg, respectively. It was detected that the statistical difference between trace metals determined seasonally in muscle tissue of H. tubulosa was significant (p > 0.05). As a result of the study, it was detected that H. tubulosa is a bioindicator species in determining Ni trace metal in sediment. The results were compared to the limit values of National and International Food Safety, and it was detected that Cd and Ni concentrations measured in sediment were above LEL of Ni and Cd concentrations according to Sediment Quality Guidelines.
Heavy metals are non-biodegradable which cause cytotoxic and carcinogenic effects in animals. Being at the top of the aquatic food chain fish constitute a major source of heavy metals in food. The seasonal variation in Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb and Cd concentrations found in muscle tissue of five marine fishes species (Mugil cephalus, Terapon jarbua, Sardinella longiceps, Liza partian and Chanos chanos) of the polluted Ariyankuppam estuary, Puduchery coastal waters in relation to that of estuary water sampled during throughout the year 2010, evaluated using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Heavy metal concentrations in Ariyankuppam estuarine water decreased in the order of Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb > Cr on the all seasons. In this present study, the highest concentration of Zn found on the post monsoon followed by Cr, Pb observes on premonsoon season and Cu, Cd noticed on monsoon season. The lowest concentration of Zn, Cr found on monsoon followed by Pb, Cd found on post monsoon and Cu noticed on premonsoon seasons. In the fishes, the heavy metal is highly accumulated in Cu C. chanos (6.55 ±0.244 µg g-1) at premonsoon, Cr (1.60 ±0.14 µg g-1) in T. jarbua at monsoon, Zn (16.24±0.25 µg g-1) in S. longiceps at monsoon, Pb (4.14 ±0.13 µg g-1) in L. partia at premonsoon, Cd (6.74 ±0.57 µg g-1) in T. jarbua at premonsoon seasons in this estuary. Almost all the heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Zn and Pb) concentrations in the estuary water and muscle tissue of marine organisms within the permissible limits and Cd were exceeded permissible limits.
Heavy metals in sediment, microplastic and sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus from farms in China
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2019
The concentrations of eight heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were measured in the sediment, the isolated microplastics from the sediment and the body wall of sea cucumbers from farms in China. Accordingly, the heavy metal concentrations in the sediment were below the class I upper limit of Chinese sediment quality guidelines. Among heavy metals, the median concentrations of Cd and As were higher in the body wall than in the corresponding sediment. Additionally, the median concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn were higher on the microplastics than in the corresponding sediment. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation among heavy metals in sediment, sea cucumber and microplastics. This study contributes to the understanding of the heavy metal accumulation in the sediment, the microplastics and the body wall of the sea cucumber.
BioMed research international, 2016
Acute and chronic toxicity tests were conducted with sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) exposed to heavy metals. Acute toxicity values (96 h LC50) were 2.697, 0.133, and 1.574 mg L(-1) for Zn, Cu, and Cd, respectively, and were ranked in order of toxicity: Cu > Cd > Zn. Under chronic metal exposure the specific growth rates of sea cucumbers decreased with the increase of metal concentration for all the three metals. After acute metal exposure, the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) decreased. The OCRs in all groups were significantly different than control (P < 0.05) except in the group treated with 1.00 mg L(-1) Zn (P < 0.05), where the increase of OCR was observed. The OCRs in groups chronically exposed to metals were significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The activity of both pyruvate kinase (PK) and hexokinase (HK) in sea cucumbers followed: respiratory tree > muscle > intestine in natural sea water. After chronic Zn, Cu, and Cd exposur...
The study, which measured the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd, in muscle tissue of 5 commercially important crustacean species (Penaeus monodon, Penaeus indicus, Penaeus semisulcatus, Penaeus marguensis and Metapenaeus brevicornis) collected from the UNESCO declared world heritage site Indian Sundarbans. The Indian Sundarbans at the apex of Bay of Bengal is recognized as one of the most diversified and productive ecosystems in the world located at the confluence of Hooghli- Matla estuarine complex. However, due to intense industrialization, urbanization and increase of anthropogenic activities in recent era, Indian Sundarbans have been contaminated with heavy metals which vary with seasons and often exhibit pronounced monsoonal effect. Significant variation of heavy metals in muscle tissue of 5 commercially important crustaceans or shrimp species collected from four different sampling stations (2 each in central and western sector) of Indian Sundarbans were observed. The distribution of trace metals accumulated in all the muscle tissues of shrimp species followed the order Zn > Cu> Pb> Cd. The concentration of metals exhibited significant spatial variation and followed the order station 1 >station 2 > station 3 > station 4, which may be related to different degree of contamination in different location (p < 0.01) that indicated the adverse impact of industrialization and urbanization on the edible crustaceans community. Although the concentration of selected heavy metals were within the normal range in all stations, but at station 1 the metal level has exceeded in the muscle of shrimp species as a food source for human consumption.
Ecotoxicology of Heavy Metals in Marine Species Studies and Risk Assessment
Metals are considered as important toxic pollutants in ecosystem and incessantly released into the biosphere by numerous anthropogenic activities. These metals can be transferred to marine via washing polluted environment. Metals pollution of the sea is less than other types of marine pollution but its effects on marine ecosystems and humans are very extensive. Heavy metals in marine cause toxic effects in marine organisms especially in. Marine species absorb the heavy metals directly from water and indirectly from food chains. The consequences of toxic heavy metals on marine species can affect on geological, hydrological and finally on biological cycles.