Estimation of Radiation Dosage for Traumatic Patients in Majmaah Area, Saudi Arabia (original) (raw)
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Biomedical Research-tokyo, 2019
Background: Chest trauma or chest injury is a kind of injury to chest that leads to life threatening impact. Radiation imaging is used for trauma assessment, treatment and monitoring. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate of the radiation dose received in chest x-rays for traumatic patients in the Majmaah area and matched the results nationally and internationally. Furthermore, it aims to determine the reference radiation dose for chest x-rays. Methods: Sample of 160 patients were evaluated at radiology department of King Khaled Hospital-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia. The average patient age for adults was 34.5 ± 12.9 with the range of (18-80) (years) and for pediatric patients was 7.6 ± 2.5 with range of (1-16) years. The average and range of exposure parameters were 72.8 ± 8.3 (81.8-124.9) and 1.5 ± 0.9 (0.3-2.5) for X-ray tube potential (kVp) and current multiplied by the exposure time(s) (mAs), respectively. Results: The measured dose for adult patients were (0.20 ± 0.07 (0.13-0.37) and 0.24 ± 0.1 (0.06-0.74) for female and male respectively. The measured dose for pediatric patients were (0.20 ± 0.07 (0.13-0.37) and 0.18 ± 0.03 (0.06-0.23) for female and male respectively. Conclusion: The study was revealed that 90% of the chest x-rays exposures with normal dose levels. However, precise justification is required, especially for young patients.
Evaluation of Radiation Dose Received by Trauma Patients in Majmaah Area, Saudi Arabia
Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science, 2020
Background: Radiation exposure is the main hazard in medical X-ray investigations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiation dose received in chest x-rays for trauma patients in the Majmaah area. The results were compared with other national and international findings. Furthermore, the reference radiation dose level was measured for different examinations by conventional x-rays. Thus, conventional X-ray examination of trauma patients was investigated. Materials and Methods: Seven hundred patients were evaluated at King Khalid Hospital, Majmaah. The average and range of exposure parameters were 73.5 ± 9.1 (65.9-124.9) and 2.7 ± 0.71 (0.2-9.6) for X-ray tube potential (kVp) and current multiplied by the exposure time (s) (mAs), respectively. Results: The entrance surface air kerma dose measured for chest (PA), skull (AP and LAT), lumbosacral (AP and LAT), and knee joint (AP and LAT) were 0.20+0.07 with a range of 0.13-0.37, 0.86 ± 0.01 with a range of 0.09-2.92 and 0.09 ± 0.02 with a range of 0.04-0.17, 0.10 ± 0.02 with a range of (0.04-0.17 and 0.1 ± 0.02 with a range of 0.03-0.16, and 0.86 ± 0.01 with a range of 0.09-2.92, respectively. The measured doses for pediatric patients were 0.20 ± 0.07 (0.13-0.37) and 0.18 ± 0.03 (0.06-0.23) for female and male patients, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that 90% of the procedures had normal findings. However, a precise justification is required, especially for young patients. For dose measurement techniques, the machine-and patient-related factors must be fixed in order to obtain accurate results.
Health Physics, 2019
This study aims to measure entrance surface doses during routine chest and abdomen x-ray examinations of adult and child patients. Radiation dose measurements were performed using thermoluminescent dosimeters TLD-100s in three major public hospitals in northern Jordan on a total of 100 patients. Wide variations in entrance surface doses were observed within and between hospitals, which might be attributed to significant variations of the selected exposure parameters. For adult patients, the results have shown that the majority of entrance surface dose values from both chest and abdomen examinations were within recommended values of diagnostic reference levels. For child patients, the mean entrance surface dose from chest examinations in three age groups were 0.131 mGy (0-1 y), 0.136 mGy (1-5 y), and 0.191 mGy (5-10 y). These values were considered relatively high compared to the European reference levels and published results in the literature. However, for abdomen examinations, entrance surface dose values were relatively lower than European reference levels. Patient effective doses were estimated using a PCXMC 2.0 Monte Carlo program. The results for both adults and children were found to be relatively lower than the values reported by international publications. Due to the wide variations of entrance surface dose and the higher radiation doses delivered to child patients, this study recommends implementing a quality assurance program in such hospitals to achieve optimization between good image quality and minimum dose according to the as low as reasonably achievable principle. Moreover, the results of this work will provide a useful base for establishing local diagnostic reference levels for chest and abdomen examinations in Jordan.
Measurement of exposure dose due to X- ray in Al-Sader medical city in Al-Najaf city
Journal of Kufa - Physics, 2014
Many worker in radiation field are expose to different doses of ionization rays . one of this ray is X-ray . The instruments that produce X-ray are available in hospitals. In this project we measure exposure dose due to X-ray instrument in al-sader medical city in Al najaf city . Our measurements were done to determine the exposure dose by using RAD-CHECKTM PLUS equipment for different time intervals and different locations in the unit . The obtained results show the values of exposure dose for workers in X-ray unit and patients are within the permitted limits .
Entrance Surface Dose for patient`s undergoing X-ray examinations at Sebha medical center "Libya
IRAQI JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, 2018
Diagnostic X-ray is one of the ionizing radiation that plays an important role in medical examination. Despite its great benefit, it is considered the largest source of artificial radiation exposure to public. The aim of the study is to measure the entrance surface dose (ESD) of patients undergoing chest, lumber spine and knee Xray examination using TLD-100. The mean Entrance surface dose of chest (PA), lumber spine (AP, LAT) and knee (AP, LAT) are 1.3mGy, 8.57mGy, 21.5mGy and 0.49mGy, 0.48mGy respectively. The ESDs measured were found to be higher than the published work.
Patient dose measurement in common medical X-ray examinations in Iran
Journal of applied clinical medical physics / American College of Medical Physics, 2016
The main purpose of this study was to investigate patient dose in the chest (PA/AP/LAT) and skull (PA/AP/LAT) X-ray examinations, as frequent procedures. The study was performed in eight public hospitals of Khuzestan province, Iran. Patient dosimetry was conducted on 567 standard patient X-ray examinations (males: 61.2%, female: 38.2%). Dosimetry protocol in this study was indirect method, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Technical Reports series No.457. Patients weighing 70 ± 10 kg were considered as standard. In the indirect dosimetry approach, exposure parameters such as kVp, mAs, focal film distance (FFD), and tube outputs recorded during data acquisition were used for calculating incident air kerma on the patient's skin, entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) that is recommended by the IAEA as the most appropriate patient dosimetry quantity in simple radiographic examinations. This survey reveals significant variations in the radiological practice. Resu...
Radiation Dose Measurements in Routine X ray Examinations
rphysp.com
The aim of current study was to evaluate patient's radiation dose in routine X-ray examinations in Omdurman teaching hospital Sudan. 110 patients was examined (134) radiographs in two X-ray rooms. Entrance surface doses (ESDs) were calculated from ...
Iranian Journal of Radiation Research, 2006
Over the past hundred years or so, X-rays have been used for diagnostic purposes. The use of X-rays for imaging purposes, however, exposes patients to ionizing radiation. The increasing use of X-ray in hospitals has made medical exposure an important source of radiation in the population collective dose (1, 2). Ionizing radiation has the ability to break apart biologically important molecules such as DNA in exposed cells and can cause harm. As a result, the amount of radiation received by patients undergoing X-ray examinations needs to be quantified to estimate the possibility of harm. Patient doses in radiography primarily depend on the entrance surface dose and the sensitivity of the organs and tissues that are irradiated during the radiographic examination (3). The patient effective dose is proportional to the entrance surface exposure, and also depends on the X-ray penetrating power. The body region being examined is another important factor for determining the patient dose. The...
Baghdad Science Journal, 2021
In this study the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) received by pediatrics patients undergoing chest, abdomen and skull X-ray examinations was estimated. The study was conducted in two hospitals in Najaf city where three radiographic systems were considered. The study participants were classified into four age groups 0-1 , 1-5 , 5-10 and 10-15 years. Calculations were performed using exposure factors, kVp, mAs and focal-skin distance, together with patient data age. The ESD was calculated for the involved patients who underwent an Antero-posterior (AP) chest, abdomen and skull X-ray examination. The resulted data were analyzed and compared with international dose references. For all studied radiographic examinations and all X-ray machines, the ESD increases with age. The lowest recorded radiation dose was from hospital 1 machine 2. In this facility ESD ranged from 19.93 µGy to 67.66 µGy for chest X-ray, from 39.03 µGy to 82.63 µGy for abdomen (AP), and from 35.47 µGy to 94....
Focus to skin distance a b s t r a c t Assessment of entrance skin doses for patients in conventional diagnostic radiology examinations should be made as a means for the optimization of the radiation protection of the patients. We estimated the entrance skin dose received by patients undergoing diagnostic X-ray examinations, including the entrance skin doses for 500 patients in six types of X-ray examinations. The entrance skin dose was determined indirectly via measurements and from knowledge of X-ray output factors. We entered the measurements parameters such as X-ray dose output, back scatter factor, and focus to skin distance and we used questionnaire physical parameters such as mAs and kV in mathematical model. The mean and standard deviation for entrance skin doses for chest PA, skull AP, abdomen, Cspine, pelvic AP, hand and foot were 0.138 ± 0.04, 2.07 ± 0.12, 2.5 ± 0.140, 0.18 ± 0.11, 5.41 ± 0.33, and 0.102 ± 0.01 mGy, respectively. The results obtained were compared with the reference levels of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The entrance skin dose calculation was took into account the patient thickness. Further studies are required for minimization of radiation doses to sensitive organs.