A Multi-Objective Approach toward Optimal Design of Sustainable Integrated Biodiesel/Diesel Supply Chain Based on First- and Second-Generation Feedstock with Solid Waste Use (original) (raw)
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Chemical Engineering Transactions, 2020
This study proposes an optimization model for strategic design of a sustainable Integrated Biodiesel/diesel Supply Chain (IBSC) using 1st & 2nd generations (1G & 2G) bioresources for biodiesel production such as sunflower and rapeseed; and waste cooking oil (WCO) and animal fats. The optimization model is formulated in terms of MILP providing all aspects of the sustainability – economic, environmental and social. The model takes into account key supply chain activities such as infrastructure compatibility, the demand distribution, the size and location of biorefineries for biodiesel production and the available biomass and carbon taxes. The economic and environmental performance of IBSC is assessed by the costs for IBSC design and Green House Gas (GHG) emissions of pollutants associated with its operation. As a social criterion, the number of expected new jobs associated with IBSC design and operation has been used. The approach is implemented on a Bulgarian scale with corresponding...
Modelling Biodiesel Supply Chain: Current State and Opportunities for Future Research
E3S Web of Conferences, 2021
The use of renewable energy is an important issue that is being promoted internationally. Considering the supply of fossil energy is increasingly depleting and requires a very long time to be renewed. One of the uses of renewable energy that is being promoted is the use of biodiesel as a substitute for diesel fuel. This utilization is carried out by mixing biodiesel with diesel fuel. The quantity of biodiesel blended with diesel fuel is following the rules in each country. That is why the biodiesel supply chain must be described to obtain minimum economic costs and environmental costs. This paper presents a comprehensive review of current biodiesel supply chain models. A study of the biodiesel supply chain’s current state concludes by highlighting the unaddressed area or the gaps existing in the existing literature by suggesting future research in the biodiesel supply chain, specifically in the area case study in Indonesia.
Design of Integrated Biofuel Supply Chain with Strategic, Economic and Environmental Criteria
Applied Researches in Technics, Technologies and Education
The society today is facing important decisions on ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that result mostly of the transport sector and the operation of thermal-energy systems. These lead to global warming and continuously reduce of the ledge and raw materials for fossil fuels. The use of renewable sources for generate energy is one approach to solving these problems. Such appropriate conclusion is the use of biofuels. They represent energy alternative to fossil fuels that lead to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The biofuels are produced from renewable sources that lead to increase energy security. The Directive 2003/30 / EC is for the promotion of biofuels. It aims by 2020 the use of biofuels to increase to 10%. Design of optimal Biofuel Supply Chain cesures a competitive product on the market and achieve the objective of the Directive. Design of integrated biofuel Supply Chain on strategic, economic and environmental criteria leading to minimize the total cost of the chain and are seeking to have regulated environmental impacts throughout their life cycle. Depending on these criteria solve a set of optimal alternatives with corresponding strategic decisions. The presented work examines the stages of planning integrated SC strategic, economic and environmental criteria. Economic criteria determine the total annual costs. Environmental criteria determine the noxious atmospheric emissions over the entire life cycle. Integrated SC is planned for an extended time horizon.
Sustainability considerations of biodiesel based on supply chain analysis
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2011
Developing clean and renewable energy resources ranks as one of the greatest challenges facing mankind in the medium to long term. The issues associated with developing non-fossil energy are intimately connected with economic development and prosperity, quality of life and global stability, and require smart strategies for sustainable development. This study presents a relative sustainability assessment of biodiesel, taking into account its full life cycle with the main goal of comparing alternative feedstocks, either currently used or promising for future use such as microalgae. A set of sustainability metrics relevant for biodiesel is identified using only the data available in the literature and taking into account all the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, societal, and economic. Although this study does not attempt to identify which feedstock or process is the best, its procedural suggestions may be valuable to practitioners and policy makers seeking to identify the best alternatives. The conclusions, however, are limited by the availability and the quality of the data used in the analyses.
Optimal design and planning of biodiesel supply chain with land competition
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2012
In this work we propose an MILP multiperiod formulation for the optimal design and planning of the Argentinean biodiesel supply chain, considering soybean, sunflower and jatropha as raw materials. The country has been divided into twenty three regions, corresponding to its provinces, each one including existing crops, oil and biodiesel plants and potential ones, associated to binary variables. The model takes into account intermediate and final products, including seed, flour, pellets and expellers, oil, pure and blending biodiesel and glycerol, together with crop fields, storage and production plants, as well as distribution centers for internal and external markets. The possibility of employing increasing portions of marginal areas for jatropha production has been introduced, as well as this raw material increasing yield along its life cycle. The optimization of this complex network allows simultaneously fulfilling domestic demand of flour, oil and biodiesel while satisfying increasing demands in external markets. The time horizon is of seven years (2012-2018), divided into 84 periods. Numerical results provide insights on the sustainable development of traditional and alternative raw materials and technologies. The mathematical model has been implemented in GAMS providing a complete decision tool that can be applied to other regions or countries by adjusting specific data.
A sustainable second-generation biodiesel supply chain network design problem under risk
Omega, 2017
This paper presents a multi-objective possibilistic programming model to design a second-generation biodiesel supply chain network under risk. The proposed model minimizes the total costs of biodiesel supply chain from feedstock supply centers to customer centers besides minimizing the environmental impact (EI) of all involved processes under a well-to-wheel perspective. Non-edible feedstocks are considered for biodiesel production. Variable cultivation cost of non-edible feedstock is assumed to be non-linear and dependent upon the amount of cultivated area. New formulation of possibilistic programming method is developed which is able to minimize the total mean and risk values of problems with possibilistic-based uncertainty. To solve the proposed multi-objective model, a hybrid solution approach based on flexible lexicographic and augmented ɛ-constraint methods is proposed which is capable to find appropriate efficient solutions from the Pareto-optimal set. The performance of the proposed possibilistic programming method as well as the developed solution approach are evaluated and validated through conducting a real case study in Iran. The outcome of this study demonstrates that high investment cost is required for improving the environmental impact and risk of sustainable biodiesel supply chain network design under risk. Decision maker preferences are required for suitable trade-off among total costs, risk values and environmental impact.
Strategic planning of biodiesel supply chain
Ingenieria y Universidad
Introduction:A stochastic biobjective MIP model for designing the network of biodiesel supply chains is presented. Ultimately intending to support the strategic decisions of stakeholders. The constraints included are: economies of scale, location of facilities, production capacity, raw material supply, product demand, bill of materials and mass balance.Objectives:The model aims to minimize, both, the total cost and environmental impact of five chain echelonsMetodology:The solution procedure resorts to chance constraint and the ε-constraint method to solve the biobjective model.Results:Computational experiments allowed assessing the performance of the solution procedure. The CPU times for the solution of the instances of the problem show very good values.Conclutions:By approaching the modeling of the biodiesel supply chain the current contribution can serve as the basis of future similar works and associated solution procedures, thus facilitating decision-making at different supply c...
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019
Decision-makers in government and industry must develop policy and strategy for highly complex systems, trading off competing objectives such as environmental and economic impact. These trade-offs can be difficult to analyze, which may lead to misinformed choices. There is lack of decision support tools that both include multiple objectives and facilitate communication to decision-makers in a comprehensive and simple way. To address this gap, a mathematical model that facilitates the decision process by allowing an agent to decide based on an explicit overall economic and environmental performance but simultaneously visualize graphically the trade-offs among the different objectives was developed. This model was used to assess the trade-offs of using waste-based feedstocks in blends with conventional feedstocks for biodiesel production, and explore opportunities to improve biodiesel cost effectiveness whilst managing environmental impacts, particularly in the feedstock selection process. The compositional uncertainty of the feedstocks is considered in the model ensuring that the final quality of the biodiesel is not compromised by the high uncertainty associated with the composition of waste materials. Reductions on production costs (3%) and on environmental impacts (from 2% to 32%) were obtained using this model to select the blend composition. The model was shown to be useful to inform decision-making by allowing comprehensive, simplified visualization of the tradeoffs among cost and environmental impacts. The model can be used to support biodiesel production planning with lower environmental impacts.