Optimization of the amount of short glass fibers for superior wear performance of PAEK composites (original) (raw)
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Wear characteristics of polymer based composites
The dry wear of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based composites, including bronze-filled composites (B60), glass-filled composites (G15), and carbon-filled composites (C25), produced by the mold casting method were investigated under different sliding conditions. The Taguchi L27 method and the analysis of variance were used to identify the effect of process parameters on the wear of tested materials. Experimental results showed that the wear resistance of G15 polymer composites was better than those of C25 and B60 ones. The specific wear rate decreased with increasing sliding distance and load, but partly decreased with increasing tensile strength.
Optimization of graphite contents in PAEK composites for best combination of performance properties
Composites Part B-engineering, 2019
Graphite is one of the most widely used solid lubricants in both, anti-friction and friction materials. The influence of particles in the composite mainly depends on its size, amount, its combination with fibers and other fillers etc. No efforts were done to optimize the amount of graphite to achieve very low friction and wear. A series of Polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK) composites with GF (short glass fibers) and increasing amount of graphite particles (10, 15, 20 and 25 wt. %) were developed and characterized for various properties such as physical, mechanical, thermal along with adhesive wear performance in severe operating conditions (high pressure and velocity (PV)). Inclusion of graphite led to deterioration in strength and modulus but increase in thermal conductivity. The composites showed very low µ (friction coefficient) in the range of 0.04 and K 0 (specific wear rate) (~ 2 x 10-16 m 3 /Nm). Composite with 15 wt. % graphite proved to be significantly superior by showing highest PV limit value (154 MPa m/s) and very low µ (0.04) and K 0 (1.91 x 10-16 m 3 /Nm). The typical inferences were supported by various techniques such as Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 3D profilometer, Raman spectroscopy on the worn surfaces.
Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, 2015
Natural fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites have gained much interest because of their environment friendliness and cost-effectiveness compared to synthetic fibre-reinforced composites. The availability of natural fibre and ease of manufacturing have tempted researchers worldwide to develop a locally available low-cost fibre and study their feasibility for reinforcement purposes and to what extent they can satisfy the required specifications of well-reinforced polymer composite for tribological application. FRP composites have various applications in the automobile, aerospace and marine fields. They are applied to inlet cone, fan exit guide vanes and other parts of structures in a turbofan engine for lightening an engine. The erosion characteristics of the FRP composites are of vital importance due to the operational requirements in dusty environments. In this present work, the impact of stacking sequence on erosion wear behaviour of untreated woven jute and glass fabric-reinforced epoxy hybrid composites has been investigated experimentally. The orientation of glass and jute fabric was kept at (0°-90°) and (45°-45°) for all stacking sequences. All the laminates were prepared using four plies, and, the number and position of glass layers were varied so as to obtain four different stacking sequences. The erosion rate of these composites were evaluated at different impingement angles (30°-90°) at three different impact velocities (V = 48, 70, 82 m/s). Silica sand was used as the erodent. Our results showed that the impingement angle had a significant influence on the erosion rate. The composite materials showed semi-ductile behaviour with the maximum erosion at an impingement angle of 60°. The morphologies of the eroded surface were observed by a scanning electron microscope, and the possible erosion mechanisms were discussed.
Lifetime and young's modulus changes of glass/phenolic and glass/polyester composites under fatigue
Composites, 1995
Fatigue of composites causes a loss of stiffness and development of damage before ultimate failure. These effects were compared for phenolic and polyester resins reinforced by five layers of woven roving/chopped strand combination glass mat. Such polyester laminates are widely used, e.g. in marine applications such as high speed craft. The phenolic laminates are promising candidates for applications where fire resistance is important. ~N and e-N curves were obtained. In addition, stress versus strain curves were measured continuously under reverse loading (R ---1) up to 10 6 cycles. Analysis of these curves allows further insight into the fatigue process. Tensile moduli drop dramatically (25%) with increasing number of cycles, but remain fairly constant in the compressive region. This behaviour can be explained by effects of matrix cracking. It also indicates the need to define different moduli for non-linear stress-strain curves. Absorbed energy (damping) can also be determined from the stress-strain curve and can be used as an indicator of the onset of rapid degradation of the material leading to ultimate failure. All data are compared for polyester and phenolic matrix laminates.
Effect of matrix content on strength and wear of woven roving glass polymeric composites
Composites Science and Technology, 1992
In this paper the effects of matrix content on the strength and wear of woven roving glass/polyester and glass/phenolic composites have been examined. The wear tests were carried out on a purpose built pin-on-disc apparatus. A composition of 20 wt% of the matrix resin gave the highest tensile and flexural strengths. Glass/phenolic composites generally showed higher strength and minimum wear. A composition of 30 wt% of matrix in both of the composites gave minimum wear and minimum coefficient of friction. For low weight fractions of the matrix resin in glass/phenolic composites, the critical velocity at which minimum wear is observed is lower. Increase in matrix content beyond 30 wt% in the glass/phenolic composite resulted in patchy laminates with high wear rates.
Protection hypothesis for composite wear
Dental Materials, 1992
SJgnrficant occlusal wearoccurson poster,orcomposite restorations in areas wfthout direct contact w~th opponent teeth (contact-free wear) in add,tton to wear at the contacts. Recent research has ,ndicated that all occlusal posterior composite surfaces wear, and those surfaces show decreas,ng wear rates over time. Thts prowdes more ewdence for an earlier theory proposed by Jorgensen etal. (1979) that composite contact-free wear ,s a funct,on of access and attritton caused by small parttcles in the food bolus. This hypothesis is now called the "protect,on theory" or "protection hypothesis" for wear Macroscopic protection or "sheltenng" from wear fs provided by cavity preparation walls. Microscop,c protection agafnst res,n matrix wear Js prowded by filler particles that are close together. Chnical ewdence supportmg the protection hypothesis comes from recently confirmed low wear rates for mlcrofill and hybrtd composites. The objective of th,s work was to calculate the mtn,mum inter-particle spacing required for microscopic protection (wear resistance) for composites based on assumptions of packing fractions (0.68) with small particles (0.02 ~m radius) for dispersed versus agglomerated condittons An inter-particle spacing (IPS) of <0.10 ~m was assumed to afford wear protection. The results are that only 1 5-6.0 volume percentage m,crofiller ~s theoretically requ0red to generate an IPS of 0 1 ~m for compos0te microscopic protection.
Epoxy/Glass-Fabric/Silica Hybrid Composites: Mechanical Properties and Wear Behavior
Adv Sci Engng Med, 2013
Hybrid composites of bi-directionally woven E-glass cloth/epoxy containing different amounts of silica were fabricated by compression molding. Composites were characterized as per ASTM standards for their tensile and flexural behaviours, inter laminar shear strength (ILSS), impact strength, surface hardness and density. The effect of silica content on wear loss and specific wear rate of the composites was investigated by three body abrasive wear testing under different loads and abrading distances. The lowest wear rate was observed for 3 wt.% silica-filled hybrid composite at an abrading distance of 300 m. 6 and 9 wt.% silica filled composites exhibits lower wear rates at 600 m and 900 m abrading distances compared with 3 wt.% silica filled composite. It is also observed that the specific wear rate strongly depends on the applied load at lower abrading distances in all composites. We have also correlated the mechanical property with specific wear rate and wear loss.
On the SEM features of glass–polyester composite system subjected to dry sliding wear
Wear, 2006
Wear mechanisms of glass fiber reinforced polyester composites subjected to sliding wear for loads ranging from 60 to 300 N at a constant speed (10 mm/s) are studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The friction and wear tests are carried out, in dry conditions, on a newly built pin-on-disc machine with a rotating composite disc and fixed steel pin. The composite disc is cut out of pultruded plates, revealing a specific structure.