The Effect of International Trade on Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Pakistan (original) (raw)
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2017
ِّد یع ُدشتؼگ لهاَف شیخا یبّ ظیحه ِث تسبؼخ تجػ یا تػا ُذؿ تؼیص . لیلد ِث ظیاحه یاشاث باضبقت ؾیاضفا تاؼیص ىبهصبػ ٍ بّسَـک ؽلات ضیً ٍ کبپ يیث یبّ تسبؼخ لشتٌک تْج یللولا تؼیص یبّ تایلبقف صا یاؿبً یغیحه یشاـث یباّ ، ظیحه تیشخت شث شثؤه لهاَف یػسشث سادسَخشث یكبخ تیوّا صا تؼیص تػا . یالف ىبایه يایا سد يیاث ِاغثاس تایوّا ناغس ید سبـتًا ٍ يثشک ذیؼکا لَپ ساصبث ( یلبه ِقػَت ) ، ُذؿ ـقاٍ تلفغ دسَه ِلئؼه يیا تػا . ساصباث ِقاػَت ؾاقً ِقلبغه يیا سد صبگ سبـتًا لشتٌک سد لَپ ید يثشک ذیؼکا تػا ِتفشگ ساشق یػسشث دسَه . ًِاشاػ ذاهآسد بث یبّسَـک ٍُشگ سَؾٌه يیا یاشث َضف یلابث OECD ٍد یع يییبپ ِث ظػَته ًِاشػ ذهآسد بث یبّسَـک ٍ یًبهص ُس 2011 2001 ىآ جیبتً ٍ ُذؿ ةبختًا بّ تػا ِتفشگ ساشق ِؼیبقه دسَه شگیذکی بث . یه ىبـً قیقحت جیبتً يییباپ ِاث ظاػَته ًِاشاػ ذاهآسد باث یبّسَـک سد ِک ذّد ، ید صباگ سباـتًا ؾیاضافا ِاث شاجٌه ًِاشاػ یالخاد قلباخبً ذایلَت ؾیاضفا ٍ لَپ ساصبث ِقػَت یاه يثشاک ذیاؼکا سد ٍ دَاؿ ک ید صبگ سبـتًا ؾّبک ِث لابث ًِاشػ ذهآسد بث یبّسَـ یه شجٌه يثشک ذیؼکا دَؿ .
Iran Occupational Health, 2016
According to World Health Organization estimations, 3.7 million deaths were attributable to ambient air pollution annually, that shows pollutants associated with high rate of mortality and morbidity. Thus, present study with aim of quantifying and estimating health impacts attributable to two pollutant of PM2.5 and CO in 8 industrial cities of Iran during 2011 by AirQ model were performed. Methods: At first, required data were taken from Department of Environment in understudy cities. With coding in excel, analysis and calculation of statistical parameters was performed for quantifying, and information imported to AirQ model. Finally, results of total mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular disease were presented in tables and graphs. Results: According to results, with increasing each 10μg/m3 concentration of PM2.5 and 1mg/m3 increasing in CO, risk of mortality increased 1.5% and 0.7% respectively. Cumulative of total mortality attributable to PM2.5 in Isfahan and Shiraz was ...
Health risk assessment of Pb in atmospheric dust in Tehran city in different seasons
Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 2020
Background and Aims: Heavy metals in atmospheric dust can enter the human body through ingestion, respiration and skin contact and cause various diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of lead, a heavy metal, in atmospheric dust and assess its health risk during the period between winter of 1397 and the fall of 1398 in regions 9, 10, 11 and 12 of Tehran Municipality, Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: Atmospheric dusts were collected monthly during one year in the following locations in Tehran: west and east of region 9; east of regions 10, 11 and 12 (the locations in the west of these regions had common borders with the eastern part of the adjacent region). A factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications; the experimental factors included sampling locations and sampling times (seasons). The concentration of lead in the samples was then determined after extraction with hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid (ration 3:1). Results: The lowest (177.1 mg/kg) and highest (98.476 mg/kg) concentration of lead were found to be in location 9W (Tehransar) in winter and in location 11E (Vahdet-E-eslami Avenue) in autumn, respectively. Further analysis of the data showed that ingestion of the atmospheric dust was the main risk of exposure to lead and that more than 90% of the risk index for non-cancerous diseases caused by lead was related to ingestion hazard quotient (HQ, risk equation). Conclusion: Based on the findings it can be concluded that in winter the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI, non-cancer Risk Index) for lead were lower than the maximum permitted levels for adults and children and, so, did not pose any health risk for these age groups. However, in spring, summer and autumn the risk index for lead was higher than the maximum permitted level for children and, thus, the risk of children developing non-cancerous diseases was high in all the sampling locations.
ارزیابی مؤلفههای اثرگذار بر تجارت درون صنعت بخش کشاورزی ایران با شرکای تجاری آسیایی
Agricultural Economics, 2018
تجارت درون صنعت در مقایسه با تجارت بین صنعت هزینه کم‌تری را بر اقتصاد یک کشور تحمیل می‌کند، از این‌رو شناسایی مؤلفههای اثرگذار بر آن اهمیت بالایی دارد. از آن‌جایی که بخش کشاورزی ایران از توان تولیدی و تجاری بالایی برخوردار است، هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر تجارت درون صنعت بخش کشاورزی میان ایران و شرکای تجاری آسیایی و همچنین ارزیابی این عوامل در موافقت‌نامه‌های اکو (شامل ایران) و آسه‌آن (فاقد ایران) در دوره زمانی 2014-2001 است. برای دستیابی به اهداف پژوهش، از الگوی جاذبه استفاده شده است. نتایج گویای این است که متغیرهای تفاوت درآمد سرانه، تفاوت زمین کشاورزی و موافقت‌نامه تجاری اثری مثبت و معنادار و متغیرهای فاصله و مرز مشترک اثری منفی و معنادار بر تجارت درون صنعت کشاورزی میان ایران و شرکای آسیایی دارد. بنابر نتایج به دست آمده، متغیرهای تفاوت درآمد سرانه، تفاوت اقتصادی و مرز مشترک از عوامل کاهنده تجارت درون صنعت ایران با اکو بوده، در حالی‌که تفاوت درآمد سرانه و تفاوت زمین‌های کشاورزی اثری فزاینده بر تجارت درون صنعت بخش کشاورزی ایران با کشورهای آسه‌آن دارد. از این رو پیشنهاد می...
انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر و نو, 2021
Nowadays, high dependence on fossil fuels for chemical and fuel production, and also, the severe shortage of these resources has raised serious concerns. Moreover, increasing in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution are also an important reason for reviewing industries with conventional processes. In recent years, biorefinery has received much attention from the lignocellulosic industry, especially in the field of converting natural polymeric wastes (black liquor, sludge, etc.) to value-added products by supplying part of the chemicals and fuel required by industry. Many studies have been done on the conversion of hemicelluloses into high value-added materials. In most of these studies, the aim was to optimize the extraction conditions and then convert them. Furthermore, biorefinery can help to creating value-added products from black liqueur derived from pulping lignocellulosic materials in papermaking as by-products of pulp and paper. Finaly, economically, biorefine...
Qalaai Zanist Scientific Journal, 2021
In this study, we tried within the framework of the Copenhagen School theory to study the problem of societal and environmental security of the Kurdistan region and identify security threats and risks in these areas. Because the Copenhagen School, by studying and presenting five aspects and sectors of security (political, military, societal, economic and environmental), tries to identify non-military issues within the framework of security problems. This study, apart from the introduction and conclusions, contains the view of the Copenhagen School of societal and Environmental Security, and then discusses security issues in the Kurdistan region within the security sectors mentioned. At the end of the study, we reached several important conclusions, including: drugs, identity crisis, new generation gap and new social divergence, in addition to the arrival of waves of immigrants and refugees had a direct impact