Code Refactoring Techniques Based on Energy Bad Smells for Reducing Energy Consumption (original) (raw)
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임베디드 소프트웨어의 소모전력 분석을 위한 에너지 컴포넌트 라이브러리
The KIPS Transactions:PartD, 2009
Along with the complexity and size growth of embedded software, it is critical to meet the nonfunctional requirements such as power consumption as well as functional requirements such as correctness. This paper, apart from the existing studies of source code-based power analysis, proposes an approach of model-based power analysis using UML 2.0. Specially, we focus on the development of energy library to analyze the power consumption of embedded software. Our energy library supports model-based power analysis, and also supports the easy adaption for the change of embedded application.
음폐수 이용 혐기성 소화의 내부 pH 조절에 따른 바이오가스 전환율 비교 및 미생물 군집도 분석
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 2013
In this study, the performance and microbial community of anaerobic digestion fed by food waste leachate at low organic loading rate were investigated with and without internal pH control. Experimental results show that similar biogas yield was achieved in both reactors regardless of increase in pH, the concentrations of free ammonia and volatile fatty acids in case of without internal pH controlled one. The results of a methanogenic community analysis by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis revealed that the apparent preponderance of Methanosarcina sp. could be one of reasons for the maintenance of reactor stability.
디젤엔진 배출가스 질소산화물 저감을 위한 Solid SCR용 Ammonium Carbonate 중간생성물인 재응고 물질의 분석 연구
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, 2014
Urea solution as a reductant of SCR has been widely used to reduce NOx emissions from diesel engine. But it has lots of problems which are freezing at low temperature due to liquid state, deposition of solid formation in the exhaust, dosing device, and complex package such as mixers for uniform concentration of ammonia. In order to overcome these obstacle, ammonium carbonate which is one of solid ammonium materials to produce ammonia gas directly by sublimation process is considered. Simple reactor with visible widow was designed to predict equilibrium temperature and pressure of ammonium carbonate. To simulate real operation conditions under automobile environment, several cycles of heating and cooling condition were settled, two different re-solidification materials were extracted from the reactor and visible window. Analytical study is performed to characterize these unknown materials by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), FT-IR(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and EA(Elemental Analyzer). From analytical results, re-solidification materials from heating and cooling cycles are very similar to original material of ammonium carbonate.
Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
Combustion optimization, determining the optimal combustion air flow by measuring O2 and CO concentrations of exhaust gas, is essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in steel plants. Recently, the tunable diode laser spectroscopy(TDLS) analyzer is used to measure O2 and CO concentrations. However it is expensive and sometimes out of order even less than the sampling type analyzer. Virtual sensors were developed to predict O2 and CO concentrations of the exhaust gas and used for detecting analyzer faults and backing them up. Four machine learning techniques, PLS, ANN, A-ANN, and XGBoost, were compared and evaluated for virtual sensor modeling. Among them, XGBoost had the highest coefficient of determination (R 2) of 80% or more and relative accuracy (RA) of 89% or more. Additional machine learning was performed to minimize errors caused by faults of the measurement sensors and increase the reliability of the virtual sensors. PCA and A-ANN were applied to 40 measurement sensors to build prediction models, and A-ANN had higher R 2 and RA of more than 90%. The study found that virtual sensors helped maintain combustion optimization without interruption from fault TDLS readings.
A Study on Reaction Rate of Solid SCR for NOx Reduction of Exhaust Emissions in Diesel Engine
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, 2013
Liquid urea based SCR has been used in the market to reduce NOx in the exhaust emission of the diesel engine vehicle. This system has several problems at low temperature, which are freezing below-12°C, solid deposit formation in the exhaust, and difficulties in dosing system at exhaust temperature below 200°C. Also, it is required complicated exhaust packaging equipment and mixer due to supply uniform ammonia concentration. In order to solve these issues, solid urea, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium carbamate are selected as ammonia sources for the application of solid SCR. In this paper, basic research on reaction rate of three ammonia-transporting materials was performed. TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) and DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis) tests for these materials are carried out for various heating conditions. From the results, chemical kinetic parameters such as activation energy and frequency factor are obtained from the Arrhenius plot. Additionally, from test results of DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) for these materials, chemical kinetic parameters using the Kissinger method are calculated. Activation energies of solid SCR from this experiment are compared with proper data of literature study, then obtained data of this experiment are used for the design of reactor and dosing system for candidate vehicle.
세부 공정별 CO 2 배출 분석 및 환경비용 원가배분을 위한 Activity-based LCA 모델의 도입 - 커튼월 공사를 중심으로
Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2012
As worldwide efforts to reduce global warming gases, the construction Industry is endeavoring to diminish carbon dioxides emissions. Especially, by introducing the LCA methodology to the industry, A variety of related studies to measure the emission of carbon dioxides have been conducted. However, when the conventional LCA methodology is applied to the construction projects, some limitations have been reported. To overcome the restrictions derived from the industry characteristics, this research suggested the Activity-based LCA model by applying the Activitybased Costing (ABC), which breaks down the whole life cycles into more detailed stages. By implementing the newly developed model, forecasting accuracy of CO2 emission was elevated, and the critical control points on carbon dioxides were established. Through the case study of aluminium curtain-wall system, this research verified the usefulness of the Activity-based LCA.
The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
For OBC (On-Board Charger) and LDC (Low DC-DC Converter) used as essential power conversion systems of PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle), system performance is required as well as reliability, which is need to protect the vehicle and driver from various faults. While current development processor is sufficient for embodying functions and verifying performance in normal state during development of prototypes for OBC and LDC, there is no clear method of verification for various fault situations that occur in abnormal state and for securing stability of vehicle base, unless verification is performed by mounting on an actual vehicle. In this paper, a CCM (Charger Converter Module) was developed as an integrated structure of OBC and LDC. In addition, diverse fault situations that can occur in vehicles are simulated by a simulator to artificially inject into power conversion system and to test whether it operates properly. Also, HILS (Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation) is carried out to verify whether LDC is operated properly under power environment of an actual vehicle.
An Aspect-based Testing Framework for Performance Evaluation of Composite Service
2012
As service-oriented software is considered as one of solutions to fulfill the users` needs in internet service environment, it has been increased the demands of reliable service development by the composition of internet services. However a critical issue in the service development approach is to satisfy the performance requirement as well as the functional correctness for the developing services, because impatient user multiply clicks the request-button of service without a short waiting. This paper proposes a framework to examine the performance of composite service. Our testing framework provides the data of service response time to service developer by measuring the service execution time. We develope an Aspect-based timer service, and weave the service with existing services to measure the execution time. Additionally, we perform some experiments to confirm the usefulness of performance test for composite service. This framework can support to develop a good performance service...