Role of Microbes and Nanomaterials in the Removal of Pesticides from Wastewater (original) (raw)
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Nanotechnology-based pesticides: Environmental fate and ecotoxicity
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2023
The imminent increase in global food demand inevitably leads to an increase in agricultural practices, with an emphasis on pesticide applications. Nanotechnologybased pesticides, or nanopesticides, have gained importance as they are more efficient and, in some cases, less toxic than their conventional counterparts. However, concerns about these novel products have arisen as evidence about their (eco)safety is controversial. This review aims to: (1) introduce the currently applied nanotechnologybased pesticides and their mechanisms of toxic action; (2) describe their fate when released into the environment, with an emphasis on aquatic environments; (3) summarize available research on ecotoxicological studies in freshwater non-target organisms through a bibliometric analysis; and (4) identify gaps in knowledge from an ecotoxicological perspective. Our results show that the environmental fate of nanopesticides is poorly studied and depends on both intrinsic and external factors. There is also a need for comparative research into their ecotoxicity between conventional pesticide formulations and their nano-based counterparts. Among the few available studies, most considered fish species as test organisms, compared to algae and invertebrates. Overall, these new materials generate toxic effects on non-target organisms and threaten the integrity of the environment. Therefore, deepening the understanding of their ecotoxicity is crucial.
Degradation of Pesticides Residue by Engineered Nanomaterials
Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 2020
The extensively used pesticides have severely impacted on environment in view of their toxicity and persistence. Among them, organochlorines are highly toxic with half-lives of many years followed by organophosphates. Being banned in many countries, most of pesticides are still persisting into the environment. Traditional methods are not enough for removal of those structurally stable and naturally persistent toxicants. Sustainable technologies based on engineered nanomaterials have better treatment efficiency credited to enhanced multidimensional properties including surface functionalization and porosity, specific targeting capabilities, increased surface-area, and catalysis. Further, improvisation in engineered nanomaterials for potential adsorption of pollutants could be achieved by application of organic ligands, enzyme immobilization, inorganic moieties and surface polymerization. In this chapter, we have described present status of pesticides removal by engineered nanomaterials. Moreover, categorization of pesticides along with various health effects is also discussed. Titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and iron based nanomaterials are highly used for treatment of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides. Fabrication of types of engineered nanomaterials also added enhanced properties using templates of zinc, titanium, and tungsten as semiconductor photocatalyst; iron and carbon as nanoadsorbents and polymer like polyaniline and polythiophene have also described. The chapter concluded with major gaps in implementing the hybrid technologies in water treatment plants, industries and their future scope and perspectives of engineered nanomaterials.
Nanoformulations can significantly affect pesticide degradation and uptake by earthworms and plants
Environmental Chemistry, 2019
Environmental contextNanopesticides are increasingly being developed for agricultural use, but knowledge concerning their environmental fate and effects is limited. This microcosm study brings new results about soil fate and bioaccumulation of polymeric or lipid nanoparticles carrying chlorpyrifos or tebuconazole. The nanoformulations significantly altered the fate and bioavailability of the pesticides in soil even under the real-world and complex conditions of microcosms. An increasing number of nanoformulated pesticides (nanopesticides) have been developed in recent years with the aim to improve pesticide efficiencies and reduce their impact on the environment and human health. However, knowledge about their environmental fate and effects is still very limited. This study compares the soil fate and bioaccumulation of four model nanopesticides (chlorpyrifos and tebuconazole loaded on polymeric and lipid nanocarriers) relative to the conventional formulations and pure active ingredi...
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021
Pesticides are used indiscriminately all over the world to protect crops from pests and pathogens. If they are used in excess, they contaminate the soil and water bodies and negatively affect human health and the environment. However, bioremediation is the most viable option to deal with these pollutants, but it has certain limitations. Therefore, harnessing the role of microbial biosurfactants in pesticide remediation is a promising approach. Biosurfactants are the amphiphilic compounds that can help to increase the bioavailability of pesticides, and speeds up the bioremediation process. Biosurfactants lower the surface area and interfacial tension of immiscible fluids and boost the solubility and sorption of hydrophobic pesticide contaminants. They have the property of biodegradability, low toxicity, high selectivity, and broad action spectrum under extreme pH, temperature, and salinity conditions, as well as a low critical micelle concentration (CMC). All these factors can augmen...
Toxic Effects of Pesticide Pollution and its Biological Control by Microorganisms: A Review
Environment preservation is one of the aims of the sustainable development. Environmental pollution has increased in many regions due to industrialization. Pesticides, herbicides and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are widely distributed in the environment. In recent years, pesticides, herbicides and PCBs have been detected in aquatic systems in India. This present review was focused on toxic effects of pesticide pollution and its biological control by microorganisms. The term "pesticide" covers a wide range of compounds including insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides, molluscacides, nematocides, plant growth regulators and others. Thus far, more than 1000 active substances have been incorporated in the approximately 35,000 preparations, which are known as pesticides. Insecticides represent the greatest proportion of pesticides used in developing countries, whereas herbicide sales have been greater than those of other pesticides in industrialized countries. Pesticide biodegradation is a ubiquitous environmental process. Pesticide biodegradation has been documented in a wide range of habitats, including soils, sediments, surface and ground water and sewage sludges etc. The ubiquity of pesticide degradation suggests that bioremediation strategies can play an important role in the treatment of pesticide wastes.
Pesticide relevance and their microbial degradation: a-state-of-art
Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 2014
The extensive use of pesticide causes imbalance in properties of soil, water and air environments due to having problem of natural degradation. Such chemicals create diverse environmental problem via biomagnifications. Currently, microbial degradation is one of the important techniques for amputation and degradation of pesticide from agricultural soils. Some studies have reported that the genetically modified microorganism has ability to degrade specific pesticide but problem is that they cannot introduce in the field because they cause some other environmental problems. Only combined microbial consortia of indigenous and naturally occurring microbes isolated from particular contaminated environment have ability to degrade pesticides at faster rate. The bioaugumentation processes like addition of necessary nutrients or organic matter are required to speed up the rate of degradation of a contaminant by the indigenous microbes. The use of indigenous microbial strains having plant growth activities is ecologically superior over the chemical methods. In this review, we have attempted to discuss the recent challenge of pesticide problem in soil environment and their biodegradation with the help of effective indigenous pesticides degrading microorganisms. Further, we highlighted and explored the molecular mechanism for the pesticide degradation in soil with effective indigenous microbial consortium. This review suggests that the use of pesticide degrading microbial consortia which is an eco-friendly technology may be suitable for the sustainable agriculture production.
Nano Pesticides Application in Agriculture and their Impact on Environment
Agricultural Development in Asia - Potential Use of Nano-Materials and Nano-Technology [Working Title], 2021
Environmental contamination and the tolerance developed by the pests, pathogens are some of the environmental issues related to the aimless utilization of chemical pesticides. It has became matter of serious concern for environment, food quality and soil health. Nanotechnology, envisaged as a swiftly emerging field has capability to reform food systems in agriculture. Nanotechnology provides an imperishable solution to these problems by the establishment of nano-pesticides. The functional components or the conveyor molecules used are of nano size. The performance of these nano sized particles is much better the traditional pesticides, as the smaller size aids in proper spreading on the pest surface. Amelioration in solubility of operational components, betterment in stability of formulation, gradual liberation of operational components and enhancement in mobility are some of the paramount advantages of nano particles attributed to the minute size of particles and greater surface are...
Nano-pesticides in pest management
journal of entomology and zoological studies, 2020
Pesticides are the basis to defend against major biological disaster in agriculture and important to ensure national food security. Biocompatible, biodegradable and responsive material is currently an emerging area of interest in eco-friendly green pesticide formulations. Nanotechnology plays a vital role in designing and preparation of target-oriented and controlled release pesticides which act environmentally safe. This can be achieved through chemical modification and this new technology has great potential in creating novel formulations. In this review, special attention has been paid towards pesticides with precise controlled release modes and responds to micro ecological changes such as light sensitivity, thermo sensitivity, humidity sensitivity, soil, pH, and enzyme activity. Moreover, establishing intelligent and controlled pesticide release technologies using nanomaterials are reported. The technologies could increase pesticide loading, improve the dispersibility and stability of active ingredient, and promote target ability.