An Integrated Decision-Support Information System on the Impact of Extreme Natural Hazards on Critical Infrastructure (original) (raw)
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Individual or entity with the capacity to effect and / or influence change. Algorithm: Set of step-by-step instructions that guide a computer in solving a set of equations. Application: See Case study specific DSS. Application process: Process of applying the generic disaster risk reduction DSS to a specific case study by selecting drivers, models, and indicators; by populating the models with data; and calibrating model parameters. Average recurrence interval (ARI): The average or expected value of the periods between exceedances of a given rainfall total accumulated over a given duration. It is implicit in this definition that the periods between exceedances are generally random (Bureau of Meteorology, 2019). Case study (specific) application: See Case study specific DSS. Case study specific DSS: Application of the generic natural hazard risk reduction DSS to a specific case region. Case regions in the BNHCRC project are Greater Adelaide, Greater Melbourne and Tasmania. Champion: Power user who actively stimulates the uptake of the DSS in their organisation. Champions seem to be personally inspired, and their actions in turn inspire behaviour of others. They often fulfil a critical role in increasing the practical value of the system as they have a direct link to the users. Computer model: Set of equations that represent the interactions between the various components of a real system and that can be solved using a computer algorithm. Decision support system (DSS): An interactive software system that provides information from data and models in such a way to support decision makers to more effectively solve decision problems (Van Delden et. al., 2011a). Development process: The way DSSs for natural hazard risk reduction are developed. This involves the whole process related to the development of the modelling framework. This is a complete, and standalone software tool that can be tailored for use to a case study by a software engineer or modeller who populates the generic DSS with data and configures selected models within the generic DSS. Disaster risk: The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets which could occur to a system, society or a community in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity (UNGA, 2017). For disaster risk captured by models shown within this approach and report, capacity is not treated explicitly but instead is a component of either the hazard or vulnerability model for respective risks. Disaster risk assessment: A qualitative or quantitative approach to determine the nature and extent of disaster risk by analysing potential hazards and evaluating existing conditions of exposure and vulnerability that together could harm people, property, services, livelihoods and the environment on which they depend (UNGA, 2017).