Effect of different sowing densities on some characteristics of Isatis tinctoria L. and Isatis constricta Davis and on the recovery of indican (original) (raw)
Related papers
Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 2007
The study reports the effects of four sowing densities (40 × 10, 40 × 20, 60 × 10 and 60 × 20 cm) on the agronomic characteristics of Isatis tinctoria and I. constricta under the rain fed conditions of the South Eastern Anatolia. Wide row spacings of 60 × 10 or 60 × 20 cm were effective in obtaining maximum number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, stem diameter, fruit length, 1000 fruit weight and 1000 seed weight. However, narrow row spacing (40 × 10 or 40 × 20 cm) led to maximum values of fresh and dry leaf yield 10 m −2 , plant height, fruit yield and fruit length, minimum hull content, and the highest indican percentage and indican yield m −2 . This information will be helpful for the economical cultivation of these plants under the rainfed conditions of the South Eastern Anatolia.
Morphological and agronomical characteristics of some wild and cultivated Isatis species
2006
The study evaluated Isatis tinctoria, I. constricta, I. glauca, I. cochlearis, I. aucheri and I. demiriziana during 2002-03 and 2003-04 growing seasons for different agronomic characteristics affecting the percentage of dye in them. The results showed wide variations in the agronomic characteristics of Isatis constricta, Isatis cochlearis, Isatis aucheri, Isatis demiriziana collected from wild; compared to culture Isatis tinctoria and Isatis glauca. I. tinctoria showed early emergence (36 day) compared to other species, and I. glauca was determined as late fl owering (512 day) species. Among Isatis species, I. glauca showed the maximum plant height (113.4 cm), stem diameter (10.84 mm) seed yield per plant (103.0 g). Whereas, I. tinctoria produced the largest number of branches per plant (16.8 plant-1) and the maximum number of seeds (17918) per plant.
Assessment of the reproductive system of Isatis tinctoria L
Euphytica, 2008
Isatis tinctoria L. (woad) is a dye plant whose cultivation is increasing because of its adaptability to marginal conditions and increasing demand for natural products. Suitable breeding schemes need to be set up in order to obtain woad varieties for each proposed environment. Presently, no data about the reproductive system are available. The effects of selfing and crossing on setting and progeny vigour were assessed. Results showed the existence of an outcrossing system in I. tinctoria. Obligate self-pollinated plants produced fewer siliques (7.1 g per plant) with lower weight (6.0 mg) and lower seed germinability (8.2%) than outcrossing plants (44.1 g, 8.0 mg and 46.0% for each character, respectively). Self-pollinated progenies also generally showed lower vigour than outcrossing progenies.
International Journal of Chemical Studies
during Rabi 2013-14 and 2014-15 to assess the effect of different varieties and fertility levels on Isabgol (Plantago ovata) production. Three varieties of Isabgol viz. GI-1, Niharika and Mayuri and three levels of nitrogen fertility (N2o, N4o, N6o) 20 kg ha-1 , 40 kg ha-1 , and 60 kg ha-1 comprises 9 treatment combinations. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. The results of experiment revealed that maximum plant height was observed in Niharika followed by GI-1 and minimum in improved variety Mayuri. However, trend of all other growth characters viz. plant spread, number of tillers per plant, days taken to maturity and yield attributes viz. number of spikes per plant, length of spike, seeds per spike, test weight along with seed and husk yield was observed significantly highest with the application of 60 kg ha-1 N with Mayuri followed by 40 kg ha-1 N + Niharika while lowest was in GI-1. Economic analysis revealed that the highest net returns were recorded with 60 kg ha-1 N and Mayuri (Rs 61752.28 and 62407.88 ha-1) followed by 40 kg ha-1 N and Mayuri (Rs 52766.68 and 53833.48) during both the years respectively. Also the highest benefit cost ratio was recorded with 60 kg ha-1 N and Mayuri (2.10 and 2.33). However, keeping in view the soil health and productivity as a whole, application of 60kg ha-1 N and Mayuri found best among all the treatments.
Studies on the performance of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk).
A field experiment was conducted during 2011-2012 to assess the performance of 42 Isabgol genotypes for commercial cultivation under Uttar Pradesh conditions. Among all 42 genotypes, a few genotypes like PP-10-4 gained the maximum plant height (33.35 cm) followed by Gummary (33.3 cm) whereas; the genotype Plampur-2 produced profuse tillers (7.0). The genotype HI-32 showed the earliest spike emergence (60.3 days) and 50% flowering (70.4 days) as compared to other one. As for as suitability of particular genotypes is concern, the maximum number of spikes per plant in Gummary (38.8), maximum test weight (2.415g/1000 seeds) in DM-11, highest seed yield per plant in Palampur-2 (5.650 g) followed by MPI 1 (5.141gm), Gummary (4.814g), DM-11 (4.659g), DM 10 (4.436gm) and GI2 (4.413g) was recorded. The highest swelling factor was observed in HI-5 (11.90 cc per g seed husk) while the lowest in PB-17 (10.14 cc g of seed husk). On the basis of this field trail in terms of seed yield the genotypes Palampur-2, MPI-1, Gummary, DM-11, DM-10 and GI-2 can be chosen for commercial cultivation in U.P. conditions.
Correlation Analysis for Seed Yield and Its Contributing Traits in Isabgol Genotypes
The present investigation was carried out at main experiment station Horticulture, Department of Horticulture, NDUA&T, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) to study the correlation analysis for seed yield and its contributing traits on 42 genotypes of Isabgol. The experiment was laid out during rabi season (2011-12) in randomized block design replicated twice with the plant spacing 30x10 cm. The study revealed that the seed yield per plant was highly significant and positively correlated with number of spike per plant (0.628), while it had significant and positively correlated with number of branches per plant (0.342). On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient, which is good indicator for selection is can be concluded that to increase the seed yield per plant, the character number of spikes per plant must be considered because these characters had highly significant and positive correlation with seed yield per plant. Therefore, direct selection for number of spike per plant would be effective for seed yield improvement in Isabgol.
Phytopathology, 2020
An experiment was carried out to test the seedling characters and early field growth performance of candidate plus trees of Ailanthus triphysa from Thrissur district, Kerala. This species is one of the most widely cultivated agroforestry tree species in Kerala. Its major uses are for making match splints, furniture manufacturing, and aromatic resin called Halmaddi, used for making incense sticks. Twelve candidate plus trees were selected based on the comparison tree method from three distinct agro ecological zones of Thrissur District, Kerala. The germination and biometric characters of the progenies showed significant difference at nursery and at field level. Highest germination percentage of 83.50 was recorded by CPT-11 and lowest of 67 percentage by CPT-1. The CPT-11 showed significantly higher height of 88.67 cm at nursery and attained maximum height of 99 cm and girth of 21.04 mm from the field performance (180 DAP). Other promising progenies at the field level were CPT-10 and ...
Field Crops Research, 2007
Isatis tinctoria L. (woad) is one of the earliest known sources of indigo in Europe where it was cultivated since the Middle Ages. Isatis indigotica Fort. (Chinese woad), widely distributed in China, had been used from ancient times as indigo-producing plant and medicinal plant. Both species produce indigo precursors indican (indoxyl b-D glucoside) and isatan B (indoxyl ketogluconate) in their leaves. In order to identify new suitable crops for indigo production in Italy, 17 woad lines were studied under field conditions in Central Italy (Pisa, 43840 0 N, 10819 0 E) from 2001 to 2003. We analyzed the effects of year, genotype, and harvest times together with their reciprocal interactions on leaf yield and indigo precursors production. Woad lines were then compared with seven I. indigotica lines in a field crop experiment set up in 2003. Extraction and quantification of indigo precursors were accomplished by HPLC-ELSD. Isatan B and indican content, as well as equivalent indigo and fresh/dry leaf yield, were compared between species and among genotypes. In I. tinctoria wide variations in phytochemical and agronomic traits were observed among genotypes, with significant differences in isatan B (1-2 g kg À1 FW), indican (0.3-0.7 g kg À1 FW) and leaf yield per harvest (11-22 t FW ha À1). In I. indigotica significant differences were observed in indican (0.3-0.6 g kg À1 FW) and fresh leaf yield per harvest (10-20 t FW ha À1). Chinese woad showed higher isatan B than woad (4.9 and 1.5 g kg À1 FW, respectively). In both species isatan B represented the major precursor, particularly in I. indigotica. The ratio indican:isatan B recorded was 1:5 in woad against 1:14 in Chinese woad, leading to significantly higher +55% equivalent indigo in the latter. Interestingly, I. tinctoria showed good adaptation to Mediterranean climate conditions with high re-growth capacity after harvest and elevated biomass production. Conversely, I. indigotica, although its higher indigo precursors content/leaf weigh, appeared to be more affected by climate conditions and produced À25% leaf yield per hectare per season. The present work identified high indigo yielding genotypes that may be used for genetic improvement in order to reintroduce Isatis species in the agricultural systems of Mediterranean regions.
Microelement Contents and Fatty Acid Compositions of some Isatis Species Seeds
Not. Bot. Hort. …, 2009
Isatis species are important biennial, herbaceous shrubs represented by 40 taxa, of which 24 are endemic to Turkey. The chemical compounds found in leaves and roots of all Isatis species have medicinal properties and are used for treatment of a wide range of disorders. No study reports seed characteristics, microelement contents and fatty acid compositions of the seeds of any Isatis species except I. tinctoria. Therefore the study was carried out to find seed fatty oil, fatty acid compositions protein content, characteristics, and microelement contents of I. aucheri, I. cochlearis, I. constricta, I. demiriziana (endemic), I. glauca and I. lusitanica. The results showed fatty oil and protein content of these species in range of 2 to 10% and 16.07 to 25.17%, respectively. furthermore, these seeds were rich in microelements Al, Ca, fe, K, Mg, Na and P. Major fatty oil components of these species were determined as erucic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid; such that erucic acid content of these species ranged 16.94 to 30.52%.
EFFECT OF SOWING DEPTH AND MEDIA ON SEED GERMINATION OF AILANTHUS EXCELSA ROXB
Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. (Simaroubaceae) is a lofty deciduous tree, widely distributed in the country. The seeds, being very light and winged, place early in the first rainy season after the fall of the seed: but the seedlings rarely survive due to the sensitiveness of the seedlings and their intolerance towards heavy weed growth. In the present investigation, Germination experiments were conducted on seeds of Ailanthus excelsa sown in different growth substrates at varying depths. Germination percentage, germination energy and germination values were all greatest when seeds were sown at a depth of 0.5 cm depth and lowest when sown at 1.5 cm depth.