A comparative assessment of air pollutants of smog in wagah border and other sites in Lahore, Pakistan (original) (raw)
Related papers
Evaluation of Ambient Air Quality in Lahore, Pakistan
According to air quality standards of NEQS and USEPA, the air quality parameters such as particulate matter (PM ), NO , NO, SO COand their variation in Lahore were evaluated. The concentrations of these pollutants were measured at 19 sites for the period of three months. Results showed that concentration of PM , NO , and NO in the ambient air of Lahore city was much higher in month of June, while it reduced well below the limits of NEQS in July, but still higher than the USEPA ambient air quality standards. The level of SO was found lower than both the NEQS and USEPA standards throughout the study period and the variations in NO and SO level were found significant (P<0.05) in different periods and sites. Furthermore, it was also found that the vehicular and industrial areas were the major contributors as compared to residential/commercial areas.
Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences
Criteria air pollutants have their significance for causing health threats and damage to theenvironment. The study was conducted to assess the seasonal and temporal variations of criteria air pollutantsand evaluating the correlations of criteria air pollutants with meteorological parameters in the city ofLahore, Pakistan for a period of one year from April 2010 to March 2011. The concentrations of criteriaair pollutants were determined at fixed monitoring stations equipped with HORIBA analyzers. The annualaverage concentrations (µg/m3) of PM2.5, O3, SO2, CO and NOx (NO+NO2) for this study period were118.94±57.46, 46.0±24.2, 39.9±8.9, 1940±1300 and 130.9±81.0 (61.8±46.2+57.3±22.19), respectively.PM2.5, SO2, CO and NOx had maximum concentrations during winter whereas O3 had maximum concentrationduring summer. Minimum concentrations of PM2.5, SO2 and NOx were found during monsoon as comparedto other seasons due to rainfall which scavenged these pollutants. The O3 showed positive correl...
Development of baseline (air quality) data in Pakistan
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2007
During 2003–2004, SUPARCO, the Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission has conducted a year long baseline air quality study in country’s major urban areas (Karachi, Lahore, Quetta, Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Peshawar). The objective of this study was to establish baseline levels and behavior of airborne pollutants in urban centers with temporal and spatial parameters. This study reveals that the highest concentrations of CO were observed at Quetta (14 ppm) while other pollutants like SO2 (52.5 ppb), NOx (60.75 ppb) and O3 (50 ppb) were higher at Lahore compared to other urban centers like Karachi, Peshawar etc. The maximum particulate (TSP) and PM10 levels were observed at Lahore (996 ug/m3 and 368 ug/m3 respectively), Quetta (778 ug/m3, 298 ug/m3) and in Karachi (410 ug/m3, 302 ug/m3). In all major cities the highest levels were recorded at major intersections and variations were directly correlated with traffic density. These pollutants showed highest levels in summer and spring while lowest were observed in winter and monsoon. A data bank has been generated for future planning and air pollution impact studies.
American Journal of Environmental Sciences
Environmental pollution being fatal for all living organisms is growing adversely due to excessive industrialization and urbanization. Vehicular emissions have aggravated the situation and pose detrimental effects on human health. In this study, the trend of ambient air quality was analyzed in the three metropolitan cities of Pakistan, including Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad for a period of three years (2008-2010). Air pollutants, such as NO, NO x , NO 2 and PM 2.5 were recorded usingmobile air quality monitoring stations in the target areas. Results from statistical analysis revealed PM 2.5 with highest levels in all the cities, albeit exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline limits. Spearman correlation revealed that the levels of air pollutants were negatively correlated with the temperature and rainfall, whereas positively correlated with the wind speed. Annual and seasonal variations in the concentrations of the air pollutants was also observed and the highest concentration was recorded in Karachi during the winter season that could be attributed to inversion phenomenon. In addition, the elevated vehicular emissions were observed in Lahore, implied comparatively high air pollution loads, comparison to those of Karachi and Islamabad. The widespread use of low-quality fuel, coupled with a dramatic expansion in the number of vehicles has led to significant air pollution problems, especially in Lahore and Karachi. Therefore, the efficient mass transit system and urban forests should be introduced to abate the ever-increasing levels of organic pollutants and improve the state of ambient air quality in the major cities of Pakistan.
2021
In present study the seasonal prevalence of smog precursors was analysed to investigate the temporal trend of smog formation in the ambient air of Lahore. Data set of three years (November 2017- April 2020) was obtained from compact ambient air quality monitoring station, installed by Environmental Protection Department on Jail Road, Lahore. Statistical analysis of dataset of smog precursors revealed that in winter, the concentration range of PM10, PM2.5, NO, NO2 was significantly higher than Punjab Environmental Quality Standards and WHO Air Quality Guidelines. Whereas in summer, tropospheric ozone recurrence was higher and showed significantly negative correlation with NO >PM2.5 >NO2 >SO2 and null association with PM10. Seasonal impact on smog precursors concentration was further approved by correlation analysis of weather component with air pollutants. According to statistical analysis, Ozone (O3) was found to have high positive correlation with temperature >wind spee...
Preliminary monitoring of tropospheric air quality of Lahore City in Pakistan
In this work, we assessed the preliminary air quality parameters including particulate matter (PM 2.5), NO 2 , NO, SO 2, CO of Lahore city in Pakistan. The concentrations of these pollutants were measured at 19 sites for a period of three months. Results showed that concentration of PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and NO in the ambient air of Lahore city was higher in month of June, while it reduced well below the limits of NEQS in July, but still higher than the USEPA ambient air quality standards. The level of SO 2 was found lower than both the NEQS and USEPA standards throughout the study period. Moreover, it was observed that the vehicular and industrial areas were more severely polluted as compared to residential/commercial areas.
Assessment of Air Pollution by PM10 and PM2.5 in Nawabshah City, Sindh, Pakistan
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 2019
Increased traffic density due to urbanization is a major cause of air quality deterioration. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) constitutes one of the most challenging issues in environmental research. This study was designed to assess PM10 and PM2.5 pollution at ten main locations in Nawabshah. Analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 pollution was carried randomly at different selected locations of the city. The highest concentration of PM10 was found at Mohini bazar (MB) and the highest concentration for PM2.5 was found at New Naka (NN). The mean concentration of PM10 was 78.3% higher than world health organization (WHO) standards and 35% than Pakistan’s National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS). The mean concentration of PM2.5 was 47.3% and 26.3% higher respectively. Mean concentrations of PM2.5 on day-2 and day-10 were found lower than those set by NEQS, while mean concentrations of PM10 on all days exceeded the WHO and NEQS standards indicating that the city was heavily polluted more...
The state of ambient air quality in Pakistan—a review
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2009
Background and purpose: Pakistan, during the last decade, has seen an extensive escalation in population growth, urbanization, and industrialization, together with a great increase in motorization and energy use. As a result, a substantial rise has taken place in the types and number of emission sources of various air pollutants. However, due to the lack of air quality management
Comparative Research on Air Quality Index in Pakistan
International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2022
The Air Quality Index is a technique for determining the current state of air quality. The Air Quality Index (AQI), which is based on the synergistic four pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NO2), was used to compare the current ambient air quality in the research region. Why is air quality so important? is the question that arises and answer to that is:-The quality of your local air has an impact on how you live and breathe. It can change from day to day, or even hour to hour, much like the weather. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and your local air quality agency have been attempting to make outdoor air quality information as accessible and understandable as weather forecasts. In this Research Paper, we discuss Air Quality Index in different cities of Pakistan. The Air Quality Index, or AQI is a crucial instrument in this effort.
Comparative evaluation of major pollutants from different sites of Pakistan
2017
Department of Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad-22060, KPK, Pakistan E-mail : majid_bukhari@hotmail.com, asmazaidi@ciit.net.pk Institute of Developmental Studies, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan Manuscript received online 30 November 2016, accepted 10 December 2016 The continuously increasing air pollution within the third world countries (such as Pakistan) is causing health related problems in the local residents. The objective of the present study is to quantify major pollutants present in the air (sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub> ), carbon monoxide (CO), noise level and suspended particulate matter (SPM)) as well as comparing the acquired results with the reported standard global values. The measurements of the pollutants were performed for three consecutive months ((June, July, August) 2015) at two locations namely Liaqatabad (Site 1) and Khurrianwala (Site 2); both of which are the pa...