High-Precision Complementary Metamaterial Sensor Using Slotted Microstrip Transmission Line (original) (raw)
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IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 2020
Metamaterial-based double-slit complementary split rectangular resonator sensor is proposed for the characterisation of dielectric properties of the materials under test (MUTs). The proposed sensor is designed and simulated on the CST microwave studio software using a low-cost substrate FR4. An array of three identical resonators is etched in the ground plane of the sensor to achieve a single and deep notch of −58.7 dB in the transmission coefficient (S 21) at the resonant frequency of 7.01 GHz, which is the novelty of the proposed sensor. A deep and single resonant frequency band has a significant role in the precise measurement of the dielectric properties of the MUTs. The effective constitutive parameters are extracted from the Sparameters. An equivalent circuit model is suggested that describes the overall behaviour of the sensor. The sensor is fabricated on the FR4 substrate and measured through the vector network analyser (N5224B) by placing the standard materials. The parabolic equation for the proposed sensor is formulated to approximate the permittivity of the MUTs. A very small percentage of error, 0.77, is found which shows high accuracy of the sensor. This methodology is efficient, simple in fabrication, and reduces cost and computational time also.
Evaluation of dielectric materials properties using microwave enhanced metamaterials sensor
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018
The paper proposes the use a metamaterial structure for improving the transmission properties of open waveguide probe, developing a frequency selective sensor in microwave frequency X band sensitive to changing of properties of investigated dielectric material. This assembly can be used for properties of dielectric material investigation. The numerical simulations of electromagnetic wave propagation in rectangular waveguide with metamaterial structure were performed using the FEM and FDTD. The numerical results were proved with experiments, testing two types of biological materials.
Design of Dual Band Meta-Material Resonator Sensor for Material Characterization
Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society, 2021
This paper describes the design and implementation of the dual band metamaterial resonator for sensing applications by employing perturbation theory in which the dielectric properties of resonator affect Q-factor and resonance frequency. The designed sensor operates at two resonance frequency 3.20 GHz and 4.18 GHz in the range of 1 GHz to 5.5 GHz for testing solid materials. The Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software is used to design and model this sensor and it was analyzed by using vector network analyzer (VNA) for testing measurement. This study uses empirical equation from the tested materials with well-known permittivity to estimate the permittivity of other materials with unknown permittivity. The proposed sensor has achieved a narrow band with high Q-factor value of 642 and 521 at the operating frequencies of 3.16 GHz and 4.18 GHz respectively. These findings are compared with findings of previous study and the proposed sensor has achieved a high sensitivity and accur...
Development of Metamaterial-Based Microwave Dielectric Sensors
Amplla Editora eBooks, 2022
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Passive Metamaterials Structures Using in Microwave Nondestructive Testing
2018
Metamaterials are special one-, twoor three-dimensional artificial structures with electromagnetic properties generally not found in the nature. Due to the simultaneous negative values of permittivity (ɛ) and permeability (μ), the wave vector and the vectors of electricand magnetic-field intensity form a left-handed triplet with the result of antiparallel phase and group velocity and back wave propagation [1]. These unique properties of the left-handed materials have allowed novel applications and devices to be developed [2]. This paper is devoted to the application of metamaterials to the design of microwave sensor for dielectric properties of any solid sample detection. The sensor was projected based on the metamaterial structure consisting of the split ring resonators (SRR) etched on the appropriate dielectric substrate. The most interesting application of SRR is due to its resonant nature and strong response on applied electromagnetic field [3]. Using this characteristic the die...
Complimentary split ring resonator sensor with high sensitivity based on material characterization
TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control, 2020
A new model of microwave planar sensor established on the complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) as well as an air hole in substrate of the structure is introduced for a precise measurement of materials permittivity. The hole is filled into substrate of the planar microstrip line. The CSRR structure with hole is selected for the sensitivity analysis, the result is established to hold over quite sensitive compared with CSRR structure without hole and thus evidence to be more suitable for the sensor design. The sensor in the form of CSRRs operating at a 1.74-3.4 GHz band is explained. At resonance, it is found that the electric field produced straight the plane of CSRR being highly sensitive for the characterization of sample resident with the sensor. The minimum transmission frequency of sensor shifts from 3.4 to 1.74 GHz as the sample permittivity varies from 1 to 10. A numerical paradigm is introduced herein for the computation of the system resolution as a assignment of resonance frequency and sample permittivity using electromagnetic simulator. It is found that the proposed sensor provides 35% increment in sensitivity more than conventional sensor for same permittivity of the specimen. Keywords: Complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) Material characterization Metamaterials Non-invasive measurement Planer sensor This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Natural structures exhibiting simultaneous negative bulk permittivity and permeability have not yet been discovered. However, research interest over the past five years has grown with the proposition that artificial structures exhibiting these properties are realizable us ing specially-designed metallic inclusions embedded in host dielectric bodies. A periodic structure of metallic inclusions much smaller than the guided wavelength and embedded in a host dielectric medium is known in the physics and microwave communities as a "meta material". Such frequency-dependent effectively homogeneous materials may be designed to exhibit negative permeability and permittivity at certain frequencies. As predicted by electromagnetic theory, such negative index or "left-handed" metamaterials are shown to have unique filtering properties and exhibit negative refraction and "backward wave" prop agation. The "backward wave" phenomenon describes the anti-parallel nature of phase velocity and group velocity in a negative index metamaterial and can be additionally char acterized in vector theory using the left hand rule. Additionally, "epsilon-near zero" (ENZ) metamaterials are characterized by a bulk permittivity equal to zero. Applications include focusing radiation emitted by small apertures. This thesis provides the theory for metamaterial structures supported by simulations conducted with the commercial finite element method solver: Ansoft HFSS. Metallic in clusions such as the split ring resonator structure (SRR), S-shaped split ring resonator (S SRR), wire rod and capacitively loaded strip (CLS) are presented analytically and simulated in HFSS. Metamaterial structures designed to exhibit left-handed behavior in the X-band frequency region are simulated for frequency-dependent transmission, reflection and refrac tive properties. A test configuration for measuring a metamaterial slab's match to free space is proposed and constructed. Additionally a prism design and test plan geared for anechoic chamber testing and refraction measurement is proposed and built. Simulated inclusions are fabricated on FR-4 epoxy laminate boards, combined to form metamaterial structures, and tested in the Cal Poly Anechoic chamber. Results show that transmission properties match closely with HFSS simulations. Prism metamaterial testing shows that negative refraction is visible in the 8 to 9 GHz region. A modified form of the Nicolson Ross-Weir method for parameter extraction using S-parameter data is shown to provide an initial approximation for the permeability and permittivity of the structure under test. Finally, both negative and zero-index metamaterials are analyzed in HFSS simulations to improve the directivity of EM radiation from sub-wavelength apertures. Epsilon-near zero metamaterials placed on sub-wavelength apertures are shown to improve directivity by two fold in the far-field at design frequencies. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to Acknowledge Professor Dean Arakaki, whose guidance was instrumen tal in the completion of this project. Without his willingness to donate time and effort in obtaining grants for materials and the construction of the Cal Poly Anechoic Chamber this project would not have been possible. I would also like to acknowledge committee members Dr. Dennis Derickson and Dr. Xiaomin Jin for the time taken out of their busy schedules to give project feedback and learn about the exciting field of metamaterials. Finally, I would like to acknowledge my parents Ajay and Shama Patel; without their love and support the past six years, my completion of a Master of Science in Electrical Engineering would not have been possible.
Metamaterial-inspired microwave sensor for measurement of complex permittivity of materials
Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2016
Thus, it is easy to deduce that a linear (horizontal) array of dihedrons with 908 of angular aperture (with a vertical edge of flat intersection) placed on a warped surface is a very good alternative to current commercial catadioptric devices for retrodirective applications in cars. Obviously, it is also possible to make the same assertion about invisibility applications, using dihedrons of 1208 if the observer movement is also restricted to the horizontal plane; even more so in this type of applications, due to the dispersive characteristics of both types of dihedrons (908 and 1208), when sight lines are placed outside the horizontal plane.
Design of a modified single-negative metamaterial structure for sensing application
Optik, 2018
A new topology of modified negative effective permeability material (NEPM) are studied by adding a small similar form with different angles to the basic single split-ring resonators. we report our work conducted on the design, simulation and micro-fabrication of sensing system based on a modified split-ring resonator (MSRR) structure around 140 GHz operation frequency. Once the NEPM cells are excited, the reflection and transmission coefficients from the excitation mechanism can be measured by using quasi-optical technique with normal incidence. It has been shown that our proposal NEPM exhibits a high resonant frequency which is extraordinarily sensitive to the changes of the geometries and the properties of metal shape. By applying the new design of square Plus symbol (+) curve to the SRRs, more condensed size and higher sensitivity can be attained compared to conventional SRRs. Furthermore, the enhancement of sensitivity of the new design is also exposed. The considered sample double defect corner square modified form (DCD 2) is fabricated in our lab using a conventional printed circuit board process with 2µm aluminum and validated by comparing simulated profiles with measurements.
Micromachines
This paper analyzes a microwave resonator sensor based on a square split-ring resonator operating at 5.122 GHz for permittivity characterization of a material under test (MUT). A single-ring square resonator edge (S-SRR) is coupled with several double-split square ring resonators to form the structure (D-SRR). The function of the S-SRR is to generate a resonant at the center frequency, whereas D-SRRs function as sensors, with their resonant frequency being very sensitive to changes in the MUT’s permittivity. In a traditional S-SRR, a gap emerges between the ring and the feed line to improve the Q-factor, but the loss increases as a result of the mismatched coupling of the feed lines. To provide adequate matching, the microstrip feed line is directly connected to the single-ring resonator in this article. The S-SRR’s operation switches from passband to stopband by generating edge coupling with dual D-SRRs located vertically on both sides of the S-SRR. The proposed sensor was designed...