Seroprevalence Of Leptospirosis Among Subjects With Fever In Chennai - A Cross Sectional Study (original) (raw)
Related papers
Seroprevalence of leptospirosis in Chennai city, India
International Journal of Bioassays, 2016
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, it occurs worldwide but is most common in tropical and subtropical countries. The magnitude of the problem varies from community to community. The serovars which cause the disease in a community change with adaptation to a new maintenance host and is epidemiologically important. Aims and Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in Chennai city. To identify the prevalent serovar in Chennai causing leptospirosis by using gold standard test Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). Methods: 1209 patients from Chennai, with fever of one-week duration and with signs and symptoms of Leptospirosis were the study population and were screened for Leptospirosis by Macroscopic Slide Agglutination Test (MSAT). The positive samples by MSAT were tested for the prevalent serovar and for confirmation by MAT and the results were analyzed statistically. Result: The seroprevalence of Leptospirosis is 17.8%. The prevalent serovar circulating in Chenn...
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2011
The study was conducted to evaluate the two rapid tests for the serologic diagnosis of leptospirosis namely Microplate Immunoglobulin M(IgM)-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) and IgM Rapid Leptocheck WB and the performance of each assay compared with that of the current standard, the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The panels of 188 sera from 130 cases of leptospirosis from three different geographical locations were tested as well as 310 sera from healthy individual or individual with other infectious disease other than leptospirosis. Acute phase sera from cases (n=130) were collected <14 days after the onset of symptoms and convalescent phase sera (n=58) were collected ≥14 days after the onset of symptoms. By traditional method (two-by-two) contingency table, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV(Positive predictive value), NPV(Negative predictive value), Efficiency of test and (Kappa) value for agreement (with MAT) for the Rapid Leptocheck WB were 98.36%, 86.95%, 86.95%, 98.36%, 92.37% and 0.81 in acute phase of disease. Corresponding values for IgM ELISA were 96.82%, 88.05%, 88.40%, 96.72%, 91.53% and 0.88 respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV(Positive predictive value), NPV(Negative predictive value), Efficiency of test and (Kappa) value for agreement (with MAT) for the Rapid Leptocheck WB were 87.87%, 88%, 90.82%, 84.61%,86.20% and 0.85 in convalescent phase of the disease. Corresponding values for IgM ELISA were 91.42%, 95.65%, 96.96%, 88%, 93.10% and 0.81 respectively. These values for the 2 tests were comparable, indicating that there was no difference in their efficacies. The second-generation assay included in study (Leptocheck and ELISA) showed significantly higher sensitivity with early acute phase sera than the reference or first generation method (MAT) while retaining high specificity and should greatly improve the rapid detection of leptospirosis in the field.
Serological Evaluation of Clinically Suspected Leptospirosis Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences
BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the spirochaete Leptospira, which has worldwide distribution. Laboratory diagnosis is routinely performed by serological tests like dipstick assay, lateral flow assay and latex agglutination which are rapid tests recommended for screening the disease. Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) is the standard test for serological diagnosis of leptospiral infection which is not included in the test panel in most of the peripheral laboratories as the procedure is laborious and it requires to maintain live leptospira. Therefore, one of the rapid tests is routinely employed for demonstration of leptospiral antibodies. Our objective was to screen the acute cases of leptospirosis by Leptochek WB IgM and PanBio IgM Elisa and compare the findings with the MAT and correlate the clinical findings with the serological tests. METHODS This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore from August 2010 to September 2013. A total of 314 cases of clinically suspected leptospirosis were included based on the Faine's criteria. Patients' serum was screened for leptospiral antibodies by Leptochek WB IgM, PanBio IgM ELISA and Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). RESULTS Out of 314 clinically suspected cases screened, seropositivity for leptospirosis by Leptochek WB-IgM, PanBio IgM ELISA and MAT was found to be 49 (15.6%), 65 (20.7%) and 78 (24.8%) respectively. Thus, an overall prevalence rate of leptospirosis was 24.8% (78/314) based on the MAT test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Leptocheck WB IgM was 53.8%, 97%, 85.7 and 86.4% with MAT while the comparative values of PanBio-ELISA IgM with respect to MAT test was 74.5%, 97 %, 89.2% and 92% respectively. Common clinical features among MAT positive cases were fever, chills and rigors, oliguria, vomiting, jaundice and headache. CONCLUSIONS MAT is a standard serological test for Leptospirosis. This test is not always available for peripheral health centres, as the test is time consuming and cumbersome. Thus, screening tests are now being employed for screening the patients. Rapid tests like Leptocheck-WB can be supplemented with an ELISA test for screening of clinically suspected cases of Leptospirosis and later confirmed with the MAT at reference centres.
Osong public health and research perspectives, 2014
To know the prevalence of leptospirosis cases reported in private clinics among fever cases in Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu, India to know its real magnitude of the problem and to diagnose Leptospirosis among fever cases from differential diagnosis. 1502 Blood serum samples collected from three urban towns namely Kallakurichi (Latitude: 11° 73' N; Longitude: 78° 97' E), Villupuram (Latitude: 11° 75' N; Longitude: 79° 92' E) and Thindivanam (Latitude: 12° 25' N; Longitude: 79° 65' E) in fifteen clinics based on case definition of leptospirosis delineated by the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), Government of India. Samples were tested in the laboratory of the Zonal Entomological Team (ZET), Cuddalore with Macroscopic Slide Agglutination Test (MSAT) and Ig-M ELISA. There were 65 positive cases detected from 1502 blood serum samples in both MSAT and Ig-M ELISA. It could be known that there was 4% cases contributed from private clinics ...
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2007
Purpose: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with humans getting the infection either from rodent hosts or from domestic animals. Urine contaminated environment is the common source of infection. This is an under-reported disease in Andhra Pradesh. We report a retrospective hospital-based study on 55 patients with suspected leptospirosis. Methods: A total of 55 serum samples were collected from patients with suspected leptospirosis and subjected to serological testing by LeptoTek Dri-dot, microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Identification of the predominant infecting serotype was done using a panel of 12 serovars. Results: MAT analysis of all the 55 samples identified all cases to be positive. The predominant serogroup was Icterohaemorrhagiae (68%) followed by Australis (22%), Autumnalis (8%) and Javanica (2%). LeptoTek Dri-dot showed a sensitivity of 96% as compared to MAT. IgM ELISA done on 32 samples showed a sensitivity of 86.7% compared to MAT. Conclusions: MAT helped to identify Icterohemorrhagiae as the predominant serovar in this study. Despite the small number of samples analyzed, the data obtained establishes a need for a prospective study in this region.
Varied presentations of leptospirosis: experience from a tertiary care hospital in north India
Leptospirosis has been recognised as an emerging global public health problem. The aim of our study was to explore the epidemiological and clinical pattern of disease occurrence in suspected cases and to search for any existing co-infections. Ours was a retrospective study in patients with acute febrile illness in north India over a period of three years (April 2011 to June 2014). Serological diagnosis of leptospirosis was made using the PanBio IgM ELISA kit. Using modified Faine's criteria, presumptive and possible diagnosis was made in 57% and 34% cases, respectively. Most of the affected population was resident in north and central India. Nineteen patients showed co-infection with other common pathogens prevailing locally. There is a need to increase awareness and understand the local sero-epidemiological pattern of leptospirosis so that timely preventive and curative action may be taken by healthcare authorities.
Epidemiological Profile of Human Leptospirosis in an Urban South Indian City
Background: Leptospirosis is under diagnosed and under reported in India. The clinical features of leptospirosis are non-specific. Combining clinical expertise and awareness with rapid tests for diagnosis will increase the recognition of patients with leptospirosis. Aim: To evaluate the epidemiological risk factors for leptospirosis. Methods: Patients with fever admitted in a government facility hospital, North Chennai, South India, who were tested positive for leptospirosis utilizing Macroscopic Slide Agglutination Test (MSAT) titers of 2+ and above [confirmed by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT)] with Modified Faine's score of >25 [Clinical (A) + Environmental (B) + Laboratory (C)] were taken up for study. These patients were evaluated for epidemiological risk factors in addition to the clinical profile. Other causes of fever were excluded with relevant investigations. This cross sectional study was undertaken from February 2006 to May 2007. Results: 90 patients were ana...
Rapid Diagnosis of Leptospirosis by IgM ELISA in Resource Poor Settings. P
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2016
Background & Objectives: Early and accurate diagnosis of leptospirosis is important for proper and prompt treatment, which is life saving for patients with severe illness. IgM ELISA is particularly useful in making an early diagnosis, since it is positive in the first week of illness, a time when the clinical manifestations may be nonspecific. This study was done to evaluate the prevalence of leptospirosis in Aligarh and to compare the efficacy of IgM ELISA to PCR and MAT as a rapid, sensitive and cost effective diagnostic tool for leptospirosis. Methods: Patients with acute febrile illness, acute renal failure and acute hepatitis were included in the study. Clinical & epidemiological history was evaluated on the basis of modified Faine’s criteria. ELISA, MAT and PCR using G1/G2 primer which amplifies a 285 bp fragment was done for confirmation of diagnosis. Results: Thirty one (14.9%) patients were found positive for specific anti-leptospira IgM antibodies by ELISA. On comparing th...
Comparison of Two Elisa Methods for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Acute Leptospirosis
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2010
Background: Leptospirosis is the most common zoonosis widespread in tropical and temperate countries with low social-economic status. We aimed to compare an ELISA kit with an in-house ELISA assay to test the serum samples of the patients who were suspicious of leptospirosis according to their clinical symptoms. Methods: A total of 282 serum samples of patients suspicious of leptospirosis admitted to hospitals in Rasht city (north of Iran) were examined for sero-diagnosis of leptospirosis. Blood samples were obtained with mean time of 6.36 days after the onset of the symptoms. Antibodies were detected using a commercial qualitative and by an in-house semi quantitative IgM and IgG ELISA and the results were compared with microscopic agglutination test (MAT) as the gold standard. All specimens with titers ≥320 against a pathogenic serovar in MAT were considered positive for leptospirosis. Results: The results of MAT have demonstrated that 70 serum samples (24.8%) had a positive reactio...