Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with the Psychological (original) (raw)
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Child Victimization at Working Places in Bangladesh
The study was conducted on Tangail Sadar upazila at Tangail district in Bangladesh. There were 60% boys and 40% girlstaken for the study applyingconvenience sampling method. According to the study, 32.9% respondents worked in restaurant, 18.8% in industries and households. Results showed that 41.1% respondents were sexually abused, 23.55% tortured by senior co-workers and 35.25% were physically assaulted. There were 42.4% respondents to work 5-8 hours and 30.5% above 8 hours per dayviolating the ILO regulations.
Children of developing countries, by and large, have been working in different kinds of economic activities either on territorial (urban/rural) distribution or on sectoral (formal / lnformal and / or organized / unorganized) allocation basis. They used to work in manufacturing plants, small factories, metal and construction works. The inductive study is based on social suryey aiming at unveiling the physical and mental discomforts of children involved in hazardous formal and/or informal economic sectors. Decisive examination of both primary and secondary data was made for in-depth analysis. Around 90% children under survey were suffering fror. different psycho-physical diseases while above half of them availed Medicaid and care from locally self-trained physicians who possessed no recognized knowledge of medical care. ln addition, child workers are less-paid than those of adults. The study concluded that working at an early age causes problems of health and safety; and thereby get impeded their intellectual development and natural growth which causes severe negative consequences on economic potentials.
Children of developing countries, by and large, have been working in different kinds of economic activities either on territorial (urban/rural) distribution or on sectoral (formal / informal and / or organized / unorganized) allocation basis. They used to work in manufacturing plants, small factories, metal and construction works. The inductive study is based on social survey aiming at unveiling the physical and mental discomforts of children involved in hazardous formal and/or informal economic sectors. Decisive examination of both primary and secondary data was made for in-depth analysis. Around 90% children under survey were suffering from different psycho-physical diseases while above half of them availed Medicaid and care from locally selftrained physicians who possessed no recognized knowledge of medical care. In addition, child workers are less-paid than those of adults. The study concluded that working at an early age causes problems of health and safety; and thereby get impeded their intellectual development and natural growth which causes severe negative consequences on economic potentials.
Child labour and victimization
The Child Labor issue is one of the great concerns throughout the world. It is quite common for children of all types of developing societies are engaged in some forms of occupation depending on their economic condition. Child Labor has been generally perceived more as a problem of poor developing countries like Bangladesh which is consistently facing challenges against poverty, high population growth, rising unemployment, natural disaster accordingly. Children are more at risk for victimization than are adults, for several reasons. The study was intended to find out why and how the children were victimized. Most of the respondents come from very poor families (50%, Save the Children, May 2009); their family status is very low, respondents about 38.2% working child aged between 11-13 years, 74.5% respondents join work for poverty and about 49.50% of respondents work in hazardous condition whose about 39.8% get salary below 1500 taka, they do not like study and are not interested to going to school where 86.4% do not get schooling opportunity. Maximum respondents are working for long time which is very dangerous for children. Most of the respondents' master and others and sometimes their parents torture (physical torture 64.1%, sexual harassment 20.4%) them for work. They are depriving from basic human rights and for fulfilling their basic requirements and do not get other facilities they needs as a social being. Regarding the issues employers and their families should take more responsibility to reduce this problem; state should have taken the indirect or direct responsibility to increase the awareness about the child rights and their protection in the society by creating proper job or work description, education and training in the leisure period with proper law.
A Review on Child Labour Criticism in Bangladesh: An Analysis
Child labor is a common practice in developing countries. Child labor is defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and dignity as an emerging social threat increasing at an alarming rate. The statistical secondary data analysis method was used in this study to estimate the causes and different types of victimization trend on child at workplace in Bangladesh. The authors have experienced that the child are now working in multidimensional sectors like agriculture, service sector, industry, construction, domestic work, transport etc for their hand to mouth. They are forced to perform more than one shift duty a day keeping contradiction with the ILO regulations in this connection. They are on the different kinds of workplace victimization where physical abuse, health injury, economical exploitation and sexual abuse are on the top rank. There is no headache on their educational deprivation in our ongoing society.
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 2019
Objectives: Little is known about rates of childhood maltreatment in low-income countries, particularly amongst marginalised sectors of society. Economic hardships mean that in such countries, many children and young people are exploited in the labour force and/or are trafficked, placing them at greater-risk for being exposed to other forms of maltreatment. Cultural norms endorsing the use of physical and emotional acts to discipline children further exacerbate this risk. Here, we assessed the rates of childhood victimisation experiences and associated mental health problems in Nepalese youth rescued from illegal child labour including trafficking. Methods: One hundred and three young people aged 12-18 years living in out-of-home care institutions and rescued from child labour/trafficking completed translated versions of selected modules from the Juvenile Victimisation Questionnaire; the Youth Inventory; and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Care-home employees responsible for looking after the young people completed the Adolescent Symptom Inventory and the SDQ. Analysis described maltreatment frequencies and compared individuals who had and had not experienced any form of maltreatment on the presence/absence of psychiatric diagnoses. Results: Seventy-two percent of participants experienced some form of maltreatment in their lifetime. Rates for each maltreatment type were: 46.6% for physical abuse; 40.77% for emotional abuse, 27.2% for sexual abuse, and 33% for neglect. Symptoms indicative of anxiety disorders and trauma were commonly reported especially in victims of childhood maltreatment. Conclusions: Our estimates of physical abuse in this at-risk juvenile sample were commensurate to those reported in general population youth samples in Nepal, but sexual and emotional abuse rates were somewhat lower. The potential presence of anxiety and trauma in this sample that may result from maltreatment requires replication but underscore an urgent need for routine mental health screening in rescued child labourers during rehabilitation efforts.
Child labor is a worldwide phenomenon but more focus is required on developing countries, like Bangladesh. Most of us consider child labor exploitative and therefore, socially unacceptable. The study of child labor is however, important not only for physical and psychological but also for economic ones. In Bangladesh, working children are comfortable to running in industrial, mechanized, small scale factories, metal works, construction, and hotel also in several informal segment activities. An important effect of child labor is on demographic development is a country. It is generally found that poor countries with high rates of population growth have higher incident of child work. Child labor constitutes an important obstacle to achieving Universal Primary Education and other Millennium Development Goals in Bangladesh. It not only harms the welfare of individual children, but also slows broader national poverty reduction and development efforts. The study is conducted is based on a survey, the study found that working children’s are suffering different the physical and psychological problems regarding in a particular field.Study used quantitative and qualitative method for data collection and particularly survey was used. A total of 65 respondents of different places in Sylhet City Corporation were interviewed. SPSS windows program was used to process and organize the data for the study. The fieldwork observation shows that the working environment of child labors are hazardous to child health due to unsanitary environment, unsafe working environment and the hazardous work (expanded working hours, heavy work, and dangerous jobs).They also suffer from breathing problem, physical pain, eye sight problem, cold & fever, minor injuries and skin diseases. Inspire of that majority of child workers have a very common expectation that is all of them want to lead a happy life with their work and their family.
2000 Article-Child-Labour-EJHD.pdf
Background: According to ILO estimates, at least 180 million children aged 5 to 14 years are currently engaged in fulltime work in the developing countries. However, very little information exists about childhood behavioral and mental disorders in Ethiopia. Objective: The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence and describe the nature of behavioral and mental health problems, as well as child abuse, nutritional problems, gross physical illness and injury among child laborers aged 8 to 15 years in Ethiopia. However, only the behavioral and mental health problems of the study population are examined here. Method: A cross-sectional survey of children aged 8 to 15 years, and who were engaged in fulltime work in different formal and informal sectors non-laborers, was conducted in four major towns of Ethiopia. The screening instrument known as Reported Questionnaire on Children (RQC) and a diagnostic instrument known as the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents ( DICA) were used to detect symptoms and signs of behavioral and mental problems in the children. Results: A total of 2000 child laborers and 400 non-laborers were interviewed using RQC to screen for probable cases of behavioral and mental problems. Of these, 50% of the laborers and 42% of the non-laborers were males. The mean age of the laborers was 13.8 ± 1.8 years while that of the non-laborers was 12.2 ± 2.1 years. More females (76.8%) were found to have been engaged in domestic labor than males. The RQC interview screened 9.4% (n=226) of the children as probable cases of mental/ behavioral disorders, (14.0% non-laborers and 8.5% laborers). The second stage DICA interview gave an overall prevalence of 5.5% (4.9% in laborers and 8.8% in non-laborers). Conclusion: The prevalence of childhood behavioral and mental disorders in this study is within the range reported in previews studies conducted on children of the same age group. However, the lower prevalence of childhood disorders in the child laborers compared to that of the non-laborers found in the current study is probably due to selection bias or healthy workers effect. Thus, further study is recommended to explain this unexpected finding. [Ethiop.J.Health Dev. 2000;20(2):119-126]
PLOS ONE, 2019
Background Although child physical abuse (CPA) is considered as a major global public health problem, it has not yet been recognized as such in Bangladesh. Very few studies have assessed the prevalence and victims' characteristics of multiple forms of CPA. Objective This population-based study assessed the prevalence of CPA committed by adults in a rural area of Bangladesh and examined its association with demographic and socio-contextual factors. Methods Data were obtained using ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool for Children (ICAST-C) in a random sample of 1416 children (49% girls, 51% boys) aged 11 to 17 years by face-to-face interviews during March-April 2017. The response rate was 91.5%. To estimate predictors of CPA, physical abuse was categorized into frequent and less frequent groups. Results The prevalence of at least one form (� 1), two forms (�2) and three or more forms (� 3) of CPA were estimated approximately to 99%, 95% and 83% in their lifetime and 93%, 79%, and 57% in the past year respectively. Hitting (except on buttocks), standing/kneeling and slapping were the most common physical abuse whereas given drugs or alcohol, pinched, burned or scalded, beaten-up and locked up were less reported. Female children were faced severe forms of CPA more than that of males. Male children, younger age groups, witnessing adults using weapons at home, bullied by siblings and low level of maternal