Circadian rhythmicity and development of the behavioural response to sex pheromone in male brown-banded cockroaches, Supella longipalpa (original) (raw)
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The effects of female sex pheromone concentration and time of day on behavioral responses of male brown-banded cockroaches were monitored with a twochoice olfactometer. The duration of each behavior or behavioral event in a deterministic response sequence and the probabilities of behavioral transitions were analyzed. Pheromone concentration had a significant effect on all behaviors in the response sequence. The time of testing, relative to the entrainment photoperiodic regime, significantly affected behavioral events early in the sequence but not later-occuring behaviors. Although the probability of males choosing the pheromone rather than the solvent control was a function of the pheromone concentration, it was independent of the time of testing. By affecting the probability of behavioral transitions, the pheromone concentration and time of testing determined the number of insects exhibiting specific behaviors in the response sequence. The behavioral response sequence can be characterized by probabilities of behavioral transitions along with latencies of early behavioral acts.
Circadian Rhythm In Sex Pheromone Communication In American Cockroach
i. Tuo tarpu EAG amplitud per 24 valandas praktikai nesikeit. Pateikti tyrim rezultatai leidia teigti, kad feromon receptorini lsteli neveikia cirkadiniai ritmai, o elgesio atsakus moduliuoja centrin nerv sistema pagal cirkadin informacij. Per pirm paros ritmo eksperimento valand EAG amplitud buvo gerokai maesn nei likusi eksperimento dal. Todl manome, kad periferin feromon receptori moduliacija vyksta stresinse situacijose. Pheromones, 1999, Vol. 6, p. 15-20 The Lithuanian Academy of Sciences 16 INTRODUCTION The diel rhythm in insect sex communication is thought to create a circadian window for reliable mate finding. In most insect species, the sexual behavior is regulated by pheromones and shows a circadian rhythmicity. The rhythm contributes to isolation of closely related sympatric species, facilitates predator avoidance or can result from the temperature preference. Cockroaches offer an amenable model system for unraveling the mechanisms of th
Circadian rhythm of sex pheromone perception in the male American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L
Journal of insect physiology, 1995
In male American cockroaches, the daily pattern of the response to synthetic periplanone-B, the main component of the female sex pheromone, was quantitatively assessed. Both the response level, the latency of response, and the dynamic range of doses evoking responses are under circadian control. Saturating doses, which were beyond the physiological range, elicited activity exhibiting a daily rhythm. The circadian system of pheromone perception includes components regulated by endogenous mechanisms, by daily changes in illumination and temperature, or by both of these factors.
The diel pattern of pheromone-releasing behavior (calling) of the adult female brown-banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa (F.), was examined. Calling occurs discontinuously throughout most of the scotophase in a 12L : 12D photoperiodic regime. Females exhibited a free-running calling rhythm after transfer to continuous light or dark conditions. Shifts in the temporal pattern of calling following changes in the timing of the photoperiodic cues indicated that "lights-off" is the Zeitgeber. Studies of insects under long-and short-day conditions suggest that, although insects within a population may call synchronously or asynchronousIy, respectively, the duration of an individual's calling bout is innately limited.
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM IN SEX PHEROMONE COMMUNICATION IN AMERICAN COCKROACH, PERIPLANETA AMERICANA L
The circadian rhythm of American cockroach response to sex pheromone was investigated in behavio- ral and electroantennographic tests. Obvious daily changes in behavioral responses of males to synthetic Periplanone B, one of the main components of the female sex pheromone, were not paralleled by concomitant electroantennogram fluctuations. These observations suggest that responses of pheromone receptor cells do not seem to be under circadian control, whilst the central nervous system modulates behavioral responses using circadian information. However. the significantly different amplitude of electroantennogram during only the first hour of experiment implies that peripheral modulation of sex pheromone perception possibly occurs in a stress situation. ÷﷿Œ‡‰Ìß ﷿ÚÏß ÔÓºÓ‚ÓØ ÙÂ﷿ÓÏÓÌÌÓØ ŒÓÏÏÛÌŒ‡ˆ ‡ÏÂ﷿Œ‡ÌæŒÓªÓ Ú‡﷿‡Œ‡Ì‡ ( Periplaneta americana L.) —ÂÁ˛ÏÂ. — ÔÓÏÓø¸˛ Ôӂ‰Â̘ÂæŒi ˝ºÂŒÚ﷿ÓÙÁÓºÓª˜ÂæŒi ÚÂæÚÓ‚ ÁÛ˜‡º ˆ﷿Œ‡‰ÌßØ ﷿ÚÏ ÓÚ‚ÂÚÓ‚ æ‡ÏˆÓ‚ ‡ÏÂ﷿Œ‡ÌæŒÓªÓ Ú‡﷿‡Œ‡Ì‡ ̇ ÔÓºÓ‚ÓØ ÙÂ﷿ÓÏÓÌ. ˇÓ‚‰Â̘Âæ...
The factors contributing to the termination of calling (pheromone release) in adult female Supellu longipalpa were examined. Calling ceases after mating and does not resume over the duration of the insect's life. Calling was suppressed and basal oiicyte growth was stimulated by the transient presence of a sperrnatophore, by the implantation of an artificial spermatophore, and by mating with vasectomized males. Calling resumed after odthecal deposition in females mated with vasectomized males. Ventral nerve cord transections, either immediately following copulation or after odthecal deposition, restored calling in mated females. The experimental evidence suggests that the termination of calling is mediated neurally by a two-stage process, initiated by placement of the spermatophore in the bursa copulatrix and maintained by the presence of sperm in the spermatheca.
Journal of chemical ecology, 2003
Species within the cockroach genus Parcoblatta are sexually dimorphic for wing length; females have reduced wings and are flightless, while males have long wings that are used in flight. We predicted that Parcoblatta females would release a volatile sex pheromone to attract the more mobile males. Nymphs of the broad wood cockroach, P. lata, and the Caudell's wood cockroach, P. caudelli, were collected in forested areas in North Carolina, USA, and reared in the laboratory for observations of sexual behavior and for pheromone analysis. After several days of sexual maturation, virgin females of both species exhibited distinct calling behaviors. In females of P. lata, calling commenced 6 days after adult emergence. Under a light-dark photoperiod regime, calling behavior in both species was restricted to the scotophase. Calling consisted of a repeated pattern of raising and lowering the abdomen with occasional exposure of the genital vestibulum. To test whether calling behavior is associated with the release of pheromone, volatiles from calling and noncalling females were collected on Super-Q and tested by electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral assays. Volatile collections from calling females elicited higher male-specific EAG responses than collections from noncalling females of the same physiological stage. In an olfactometer choice test (Y-tube), males preferred volatiles from calling females over those from noncalling females. To determine the anatomical source of the pheromone, solvent extracts of various body parts were analyzed by EAG. The first through seventh tergites were the only body parts that elicited male-specific EAG responses in both species. In P. lata, the activity of the extract increased from 1-to 7-day-old females, but was lower in mated than in virgin females of the same age. The putative pheromone gland appears to consist of numerous class-3 secretory units, each composed of a secretory cell connected to a cuticular pore via a tubular duct. We conclude that female P. lata and P. caudelli produce sex-specific volatile pheromones that are emitted during calling behavior.
Development of the circadian clock in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica
Journal of Insect Physiology, 2009
The cell distribution and immunoreactivity (ir) against period (PER), pigment dispersing factor (PDF) and corazonin (CRZ), were compared between adults and nymphs in the central nervous system of the German cockroach. Although PER-ir cells in the optic lobes (OL) were expressed in the nymphs from the first instar, the links between major clock cells became more elaborated after second/third instar. A circadian rhythm of locomotion was initiated at the fourth/fifth instar. The results suggest that the clock was running from hatching, but the control network needed more time to develop. In addition, the putative downstream regulators, PDF-ir and CRZ-ir, are co-localized in various regions of the brain, indicating potential output routes of the circadian clock. CRZ-ir cells with typical morphology of neurosecretory cells in the dorsolateral protocerebrum send out three neural fibers to reach the ipsilateral corpora cardiaca (CC), the antennal lobe and two hemispheres of the protocerebrum. Based on co-localization with some PER-ir/PDF-ir cells, the CRZ-ir cells have the potential to serve as a bridge between circadian neural signals and endocrine regulation. Based on PDF's role in the regulation of locomotion, our results support the finding that the locomotor circadian rhythm is possibly controlled by a hormonal route. ß
Species within the cockroach genus Parcoblatta are sexually dimorphic for wing length; females have reduced wings and are flightless, while males have long wings that are used in flight. We predicted that Parcoblatta females would release a volatile sex pheromone to attract the more mobile males. Nymphs of the broad wood cockroach, P. lata, and the Caudell's wood cockroach, P. caudelli, were collected in forested areas in North Carolina, USA, and reared in the laboratory for observations of sexual behavior and for pheromone analysis. After several days of sexual maturation, virgin females of both species exhibited distinct calling behaviors. In females of P. lata, calling commenced 6 days after adult emergence. Under a light-dark photoperiod regime, calling behavior in both species was restricted to the scotophase. Calling consisted of a repeated pattern of raising and lowering the abdomen with occasional exposure of the genital vestibulum. To test whether calling behavior is associated with the release of pheromone, volatiles from calling and noncalling females were collected on Super-Q and tested by electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral assays. Volatile collections from calling females elicited higher male-specific EAG responses than collections from noncalling females of the same physiological stage. In an olfactometer choice test (Y-tube), males preferred volatiles from calling females over those from noncalling females. To determine the anatomical source of the pheromone, solvent extracts of various body parts were analyzed by EAG. The first through seventh tergites were the only body parts that elicited male-specific EAG responses in both species. In P. lata, the activity of the extract increased from 1-to 7-day-old females, but was lower in mated than in virgin females of the same age. The putative pheromone gland appears to consist of numerous class-3 secretory units, each composed of a secretory cell connected to a cuticular pore via a tubular duct. We conclude that female P. lata and P. caudelli produce sex-specific volatile pheromones that are emitted during calling behavior.