Pesticides and the Environment (original) (raw)
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Pesticide Persistence in Agriculture and its hazardous effects on Environmental Components
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Pesticides are applied to protect crops from insects, weeds, and bacterial or fungal diseases during the growth. There would be a 78 percent loss of fruit output, a 54 percent loss of vegetable production, and a 32 percent loss of cereal production if pesticides were not used. When pesticides are applied to a target plant, they have the potential to enter the environment where they can affect non target organisms. Concerns have also been raised about pesticide currently uses and its impact on the environment with the possibility for hazardous or carcinogenic residues. This review paper provides basic information about the general types of pesticide in use and the role of pesticides in agriculture with its impact in environmental components. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 10(2): 75-83.
Pesticides and Toxic Substances in the ENVIRONMENT1
Uses of pesticides have been regulated under the authority of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Roden- ticide Act since 1948. In 1972, the Act was amended to in- clude particular emphasis on the protection of public health and the environment. One result of these amendments has been an increased awareness of monitoring activities. Monitor- ing data are critical factors in an exposure assessment and thus are important elements in quantitative evaluations of hazard and risk. Monitoring is a general term used to describe a wide variety of efforts. Basically, monitoring is an activity in which specimens of selected human and environmental com- ponents are sampled and then analyzed for evidence of chemical residues indicative of potential human, animal, or plant exposure. Human and environmental monitoring programs for pesticides and selected toxic chemicals have been conducted for over 15 years. The initial ambient monitoring systems were designed to determine average concentratio...
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Pesticides - Toxic Aspects. Preface
Individual chapters are under their authors' copyright and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters provided that the authors and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of the authors' work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the individual chapters or any of their contents must explicitly identify the original source. Permission for commercial use of the book as a whole, such as (but not limited to) reprint rights, republication, distribution, sales, translation, and reproduction in any and all forms of media, must always be obtained from InTech. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.
Chemical pesticides as pollutants - Chapter 2
On pp. 25-37 of the book "Pollution Processes in Agri-Environment" (eds. I. Lang, M. Jolankai, T. Komives), Akaprint, Budapest, 2004. pp. 277. , 2004
The agri-environment is affected by a variety of pesticides. Some of these compounds enter the soil and surface waters through direct introduction but by far the most serious problems of pesticides found in the environment are created through indirect means. This paper summarises the current state of knowledge on the sources of pesticide pollutants and their impact on the environment and human health, and discusses challenges to the successful management of pesticide pollutants. The management of the numerous risks posed by pesticide pollutants to the environment and animal and human health includes the identification and control of sources of pesticide pollution, studying the fate, transport and behaviour of pesticides in the environment; and the treatment options for pesticide-contaminated sites.
Pesticides and Its Impact on Environment, Biodiversity and Human Health- A Short Review
Pesticides are chemicals that are broadly used to protect crops, livestock and other animals and plants from insect-pests and diseases. Pesticides use has greatly helped to increase and improve world food production; however pesticide residue may cause an adverse impact on non-target organisms including water, biota and humans. Pesticide residues may enter into the environment as a result of spray drift, vaporisation, surface run-off, unlawful acts, spills and drainage discharges, and through leaching or soil dusts. The harmful or unwanted effects that may happen from application or use of pesticides on non-target organisms are: fish kills, contamination of surface and groundwater. Humans can be exposed to pesticides residues via contaminated water and contaminated food or non-target drift or application. Pesticides can persist in the environment for a long period, are bio-accumulative and toxic and a number of pesticides are also known as endocrine disruptors. The long term health ...
The Effects of Pesticides on Humans and the Environment
This article highlights the use of chemical agents in agriculture, which undoubtedly causes a series of environmental impacts when used improperly and puts health and human life at risk. In a methodological, qualitative, bibliographic and exploratory way, with research in magazines and books specialized in the subject, it shows the bottlenecks of pesticides, in addition to highlighting possible problems that the ecosystem faces in the face of the indiscriminate use of these products. The article also seeks to show the serious consequences that the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals can bring to the environment, when used without information and knowledge, showing in the conclusion the importance of having environmental awareness. The present study brings a review of scientific reports of impacts of pesticides on the environment and human health. Human beings are subject to direct and daily exposure to these chemical compounds in the areas of production, treatment and storage of products, and indirectly, but with no less serious consequences for being exposed to residues found in the environment and in products consumed, so in a clear and objective way environmental preservation and education are fundamental. I.
Pesticides - Toxic Aspects, 2014
All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.
Impact of Pesticides and Their Effect on Environment
2015
Chemicals are becoming indispensable part in our daily life. They are related to our nutrition, medicine, and use as pesticides, fertilizers, petrol, paints, cosmetics, glue, varnish, artificial fibers,...etc. despite these enormous use and benefits of chemicals they can cause and implicate some health and environmental problems. Examples of problems associated with them they can cause diseases like cancer, kidney, endocrine disrupting, and acute poisoning or cause environmental problems like ozone depleting, effect on terrestrial and aquatic animals, contamination on environmental media (air, water, food, land). All these are making clear to every one that “chemical safety – a national challenge” is not an empty phrase. Internationally big effort is made to safe use of chemicals which identified the elements for the sound management of the chemicals as: adequate legislation; information gathering and dissemination; capacity for risk assessment; and interpretation; establishment of ...