The application of polymer inclusive membranes for removal of heavy metal ions from waste solutions (original) (raw)
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Polymers
A polymeric inclusion membrane (PIM) consisting of matrix CTA (cellulose triacetate), ONPPE (o-nitrophenyl pentyl ether) and phosphonium salts (Cyphos 101, Cyphos 104) was used for separation of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions. Optimum conditions for metal separation were determined, i.e., the optimal concentration of phosphonium salts in the membrane, as well as the optimal concentration of chloride ions in the feeding phase. On the basis of analytical determinations, the values of parameters characterizing transport were calculated. The tested membranes most effectively transported Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions. The highest recovery coefficients (RF) were found for PIMs with Cyphos IL 101. For Cu(II) and Zn(II), they are 92% and 51%, respectively. Ni(II) ions practically remain in the feed phase because they do not form anionic complexes with chloride ions. The obtained results suggest that there is a possibility of using these membranes for separation of Cu(II) over Zn(II) and Ni(II) fro...
New ultrafiltration membranes have been prepared with polyethersulfone as polymer and with different solvent by phase inversion tech que. The solvent used for the membrane preparation are N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and Dimethyl sulphoxide. The membranes were prepared by two different methods i, dry/wet immersion method and ii, wet immersion method. Prepared membranes have been subjected to ultrafiltration characterizations such as pure water flux and membrane hydraulic resistance. The pore statistics and molecular weight Cut-off (MWCO) of the membranes have been estimated using proteins such as trypsin, pepsin and egg albumin. Surface and Cross-sectional morphologies of membranes were analyzed using scaning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were analyzed. The effects of solvent and their compositions on the above parameters were analyzed and the results are compared and discussed. These membranes were used in the study of the metal ion separation performance. Cu(II), Ni (II) and Cr (III) metal ions were used in the separation studies. 145 polyethersulfone better advantage over polysulfone. The main reason for the selection is because hydrophilic polymer like polyethersulfone can eradicate deposition of many solutes, such as protein, enzyme's solutes, which cause fouling and concentration polarization phenomenon. A wide range of evidence shows that membranes with a greater degree of hydrophilicity had increased resistance to fouling.
Separation and extraction of some heavy and toxic metal ions from their wastes by grafted membranes
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2001
Preparation and characterization of a series of ion-exchange membranes for the purpose of separation and extraction of some heavy and toxic metal ions from their wastes were studied. Such ion-exchange membranes were prepared by γ-radiation grafting of acrylonitrile (AN) and vinyl acetate (VAc) in a binary monomer mixture onto low-density polyethylene (LDPE) using the direct technique of grafting. The reaction conditions at which the grafting process proceeds successfully were determined. Many modification treatments were attempted for the prepared membranes to improve their ion-exchange properties. The possibility of their practical use in waste-water treatment to remove some heavy and toxic metal ions such as Pb2+, Cd 2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Sr2+, and Li+ were investigated. These grafted membranes showed great promise for possible use in the field of extraction and removal of some heavy and toxic metals from their wastes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 849–860, 2001
Separation of Cobalt(Ii), Nickel(Ii), Zinc(Ii) and Cadmium(Ii) Ions from Chloride Solution
2011
Selective distribution of cobalt(II), nickel(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ions from chloride solutions through polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) has been studied. The carrier was 1-decylimidazole. The effect of chloride ion concentration on the ion permeation was analysed. The results suggest that some of metal ions change for the worse selectivity of separation process. Especially zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ions decreased five-fold selectivity of ion separation process.
Desalination, 2009
Many industrial wastewater streams contain toxic metal cations, for example, Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ , etc. or their oxyanions in up to few hundred mg/dm 3 , which must be removed before water recycling or discharging directly into surface waters. The conventional processes to treat this kind of wastewater are, e.g. chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane separations (such as electrodialysis, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration), adsorption or biosorption. In this work a membrane technique, ultrafiltration, completed with complexation was investigated. During the experiments, impact of conditions of membrane, pH and polymer/metal ratio have been investigated. The study series were carried out both of zinc and nickel. According to our studies, the most effective composition both tested metals is the following: PES-10 membrane, PAA complexation agent and pH /8. The volume ratio of the polymer bounding agent and metal ion because of environmental and economical aspects should be about unit.
Preparation of polyelectrolyte-modified membranes for heavy metal ions removal
Environmental Technology, 2016
Polyethersulfone membranes were modified by polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayers, made of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) with poly(styrene sulfonate), to remove Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ and Ni 2+ heavy metal cations from aqueous solutions in a wide range of metal concentration (50-1200 ppm). After characterization of the modified membranes, the efficiency of the process was estimated for single heavy metal ions solution leading to high rejection rates (> 90% for 50 ppm) and good adsorption capacities (7.0-8.5 mg.cm-2) whatever the metal ion tested. The stability in time of the modified membranes was proved by repeating successive filtrations with the same membrane. The filtration process was also used with mixed solutions composed of Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ and Ni 2+ ions. The rejection rates obtained for these ternary systems were very similar to the ones obtained for the single-metal solutions, showing that the filtration process is still efficient for mixed solutions and can be applied for the decontamination of complex solutions. The long-term stability of the modified membranes was also demonstrated for mixed-solutions. The high efficiency of the filtration process and the good adsorption capacities of the modified membranes is due to the ability of the polyelectrolytes used to complex all the metallic dications tested in this study.
Materials, 2020
New materials, such as polymer inclusion membranes, can be used for water and wastewater treatment. In this paper, the selective transport of silver(I) and zinc(II) ions from nitrate solutions through the polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), which consist of cellulose triacetate as a polymeric support, o-nitrophenyl pentyl ether as a plasticizer, and either 1-hexylimidazole (1) or 1-hexyl-2-methylimidazole (2) as an ion carrier, is studied. Both Zn(II) and Ag(I) model solutions (CM = 0.001 M, pH = 6.5), as well as the solutions after the leaching of a spent battery with a silver–zinc cell (silver-oxide battery), are tested. The results show that Zn(II) ions are effectively transported through PIMs containing either carrier, whereas Ag(I) is more easily transported through PIMs doped with (1). In the case of the leaching solution after 24 h transport, the recovery coefficients of Ag(I) and Zn(II) for PIMs doped with (1) are 86% and 90%, respectively, and for PIMs doped with (2), 47% a...
Separation and Purification Technology, 2008
Separation of copper, zinc, cobalt and nickel ions from synthetic leach liquor using supported liquid membrane was studied. LIX 84I, TOPS-99 and Cyanex 272 were used as the mobile carrier for the supported liquid membrane. From the synthetic leach liquor containing 8.97 mole/m 3 copper, 40.83 mole/m 3 zinc, 27.49 mole/m 3 cobalt, 420.51 mole/m 3 nickel and 75.677 mole/m 3 ammonium sulphate, copper was first separated using LIX 84I followed by zinc using TOPS-99 and cobalt using Cyanex 272. The solution was made copper free using 10% LIX 84I in the membrane phase and 900 mole/m 3 H 2 SO 4 in the strip solution at pH 4.5. After copper was separated, the leach liquor was made zinc free at pH 3.65 using 0.15 M TOPS-99 in the membrane phase and 900 mole/m 3 H 2 SO 4 in the strip solution followed by separation of cobalt using Cyanex 272. It was observed that co-permeations of zinc, cobalt and nickel with copper using LIX 84I were 0.076, 0.085 and 0.10 mole/m 3 , respectively. Co-permeations of cobalt and nickel with zinc using TOPS-99 were 0.187 and 0.323 mole/m 3 and co-permeation of nickel with cobalt using Cyanex 272 was 3.407 mole/m 3 , respectively. Separation factors for metal ions with different extractants were calculated and reported.
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2021
A dual flat sheet supported liquid membrane (DFSSLM) system was developed based on concurrent extraction, selective separation, and recovery of three metal ions from a mixture in a single process. DFSSLM was made up of a combination of two membranes and three compartments (feed, intermediate and strip) to selectively recover not just one but three types of metal ions at the end of the system. This research aims to study the efficiency of DFSSLM in the selective extraction of cadmium(II) and copper(II) over nickel(II) ions from an aqueous mixture and electroplating wastewater. The first membrane was impregnated with 100 mM di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid and 50 mM tributyl phosphate in kerosene, whereas the second membrane was impregnated with 99.64 mM trioctylmethylammonium chloride and 50 mM tributyl phosphate in toluene. After continuous stirring (500 rpm) in all compartments for 48 h, 98.79% of nickel(II) was recovered from the synthetic mixture in feed, 91.32% of copper(II) in intermediate, and 91.04% of cadmium(II) in strip compartment. The flux changes and kinetic studies showed cadmium(II) was preferentially transported over copper(II). The membranes (polymer and extractants) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray. In comparison with the treatment of real electroplating effluent, high output/input ratios were obtained for recovered cadmium(II), copper(II) and nickel(II). Most of the other heavy metals were eliminated together with the recovery of 89.09% of cadmium(II) in the strip, 90.87% of copper(II) in intermediate, and 97.61% of nickel(II) in the feed. This study concluded that DFSSLM is efficient for the separation and recovery of cadmium(II), copper(II) and nickel(II) from a complex mixture.
Desalination, 2002
Electrodialysis (ED) with ion-exchange membranes represents one of the most important membrane methods of treatment of industrial effluents discharged. Attention to the deep ecological aspect of this method implies favourable forecasts for its future. Preparation and analysis of the properties of asymmetric membranes prepared photochemically with one epoxy resin and zeolite are related to the ion-selective transport when compared with Nafion 417 commercial membranes. Excellent results are shown from N?+ and Zn*+ recuperation with solution prepared and industrial effluent (90% recovery in 2 h from ED).