Influenza in pregnancy (original) (raw)
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Influenza infection during pregnancy
Perinatal Journal, 2017
Influenza is the acute viral infection of respiratory system which is seen commonly and usually self-limiting. In some specific cases such as pregnancy, the complications of the disease tend to be seen more common compared to the general population. During influenza season, the admission to the hospital, hospitalization requirement and intensive care need due to acute respiratory distress in pregnant women because of influenza infection is significantly higher than the women who are not pregnant. Seasonally, the first cases with influenza infection are reported in October, with an increase in the reports during January and February, and the cases are reported until May. During the period between October and May, known as the influenza season, inactive influenza vaccination is recommended for pregnant women. Inactive influenza vaccination can be done at any period of pregnancy. Although live attenuated influenza vaccines can be used during postpartum period, it should not be used dur...
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2011
T he emergence of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (2009 H1N1) resulted in the first influenza pandemic in over 40 years. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that about 61 million people were infected, 274,000 were hospitalized, and about 12,740 died due to 2009 H1N1 in the United States. 1 About 90% of all hospitalizations and 87% of all deaths during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic were among people Ͻ65 years in contrast with experience from seasonal influenza when about 40% of all hospitalizations and 10% of deaths were found in this age group. 1 It is well recognized that pregnancy represents a risk factor for influenza complications and death during both pandemic and seasonal influenza. 2-6 Thus, with illness being widespread among the younger segments of the population We sought to describe characteristics of hospitalized reproductive-aged (15-44 years) women with seasonal (2005/2006 through 2008/2009) and 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. We used population-based data from the Emerging Infections Program in 10 US states, and compared characteristics of pregnant (n ϭ 150) and nonpregnant (n ϭ 489) seasonal, and pregnant (n ϭ 489) and nonpregnant (n ϭ 1088) pandemic influenza cases using 2 and Fisher's exact tests. Pregnant women represented 23.5% and 31.0% of all reproductive-aged women hospitalized for seasonal and pandemic influenza, respectively. Significantly more nonpregnant than pregnant women with seasonal (71.2% vs 36.0%) and pandemic (69.7% vs 31.9%) influenza had an underlying medical condition other than pregnancy. Antiviral treatment was significantly more common with pandemic than seasonal influenza for both pregnant (86.5% vs 24.0%) and nonpregnant (82.0% vs 55.2%) women. Pregnant women comprised a significant proportion of influenza-hospitalized reproductive-aged women, underscoring the importance of influenza vaccination during pregnancy.
Severity of influenza and noninfluenza acute respiratory illness among pregnant women, 2010-2012
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2014
The objective of the study was to identify characteristics of influenza illness contrasted with noninfluenza acute respiratory illness (ARI) in pregnant women. ARI among pregnant women was identified through daily surveillance during 2 influenza seasons (2010-2012). Within 8 days of illness onset, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, and an interview was conducted for symptoms and other characteristics. A follow-up telephone interview was conducted 1-2 weeks later, and medical records were extracted. Severity of illness was evaluated by self-assessment of 12 illness symptoms, subjective ratings of overall impairment, highest reported temperature, illness duration, and medical utilization. Of 292 pregnant women with ARI, 100 tested positive for influenza viruses. Women with influenza illnesses reported higher symptom severity than those with noninfluenza ARI (median score, 18 vs 16 of 36; P < .05) and were more likely to report severe subjective feverishness (18% vs 5%; P < .00...
Novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infections in three pregnant women - United States, April-May 2009
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2009
CDC first identified cases of respiratory infection with a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus in the United States on April 15 and 17, 2009. During seasonal influenza epidemics and previous pandemics, pregnant women have been at increased risk for complications related to influenza infection. In addition, maternal influenza virus infection and accompanying hyperthermia place fetuses at risk for complications such as birth defects and preterm birth. As part of surveillance for infection with the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus, CDC initiated surveillance for pregnant women who were infected with the novel virus. As of May 10, a total of 20 cases of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection had been reported among pregnant women in the United States, including 15 confirmed cases and five probable cases. Among the 13 women from seven states for whom data are available, the median age was 26 years (range: 15-39 years); three women were hospitalized, one of whom died. This report provides prel...
Influenza vaccination in pregnancy: current evidence and selected national policies
The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2008
In several countries, pregnant women are recommended seasonal infl uenza vaccination and identifi ed as a priority group for vaccination in the event of a pandemic. We review the evidence for the risks of infl uenza and the risks and benefi ts of seasonal infl uenza vaccination in pregnancy. Data on infl uenza vaccine safety in pregnancy are inadequate, but the few published studies report no serious side-eff ects in women or their infants, including no indication of harm from vaccination in the fi rst trimester. National policies diff er widely, mainly because of the limited data available, particularly on vaccination in the fi rst trimester. The evidence of excess morbidity during seasonal infl uenza supports vaccinating healthy pregnant women in the second or third trimester and those with comorbidities in any trimester. The evidence of excess mortality in two previous infl uenza pandemics supports vaccinating in any trimester during a pandemic. Figure: 3D electron tomography of the infl uenza virus (120 nm) Haemagglutinin spikes are in green; neuraminidase spikes are in yellow. Reproduced with permission from Alasdair Steven.
Influenza immunization in pregnancy
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2009
Among healthy persons, two groups are notable for increased risk of serious illness and hospitalization with influenza infection: healthy women in pregnancy and their healthy infants (aged 0 to 6 months). Inactivated influenza vaccine has been used in pregnant women since the 1960s in both the United States and Canada; however, currently, only 15% of pregnant women receive the vaccine. A randomized, controlled trial has shown influenza immunization of pregnant women reduced influenza-like illness by more than 30% in both the mothers and the infants and reduced laboratory-proven influenza infections in 0-to 6-month-old infants by 63%. Physicians caring for pregnant women should be aware of the risks of influenza and of the availability of an effective and cost-saving intervention.
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2011
It is not known whether influenza-like illnesses (ILI) in pregnant women caused by influenza virus, specifically, those caused by the 2009 Influenza A H1N1 virus (nH1N1), can be clinically distinguished from those caused by other agents. From 1st July 2009 until 20th September 2009, an observational study including all pregnant women presenting at Hospital Universitario La Paz with an ILI was carried out. A specific reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for nH1N1 in nasopharyngeal swabs was prospectively carried out in all patients. Retrospectively, samples were analysed for multiple respiratory virus panel (RT-PCR microarray). Clinical, demographical and other microbiological variables were evaluated as well. A total of 45 pregnant women with ILI were admitted. Of these, 14 (31.1%) women had nH1N1 infection and 11 with a non-influenza ILI (35.48%) were positive for other viruses (five rhinovirus, four parainfluenza virus, one bocavirus and one adenovirus). In 20 patients, no aetiologic agent was identified. The clinical course of nH1N1 was mild, without deaths or severe complications. No significant differences were found when comparing the clinical presentation and course of patients with and without nH1N1 infection. Six women with nH1N1 infection received oseltamivir. Influenza and non-influenza ILI were clinically indistinguishable among pregnant women. Many ILI in pregnant women remain undiagnosed, despite undergoing an RT-PCR microarray for several respiratory viruses.