Corona mortis: An anatomical perspective with clinical correlation (original) (raw)
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Incidental Finding of an Elongated Styloid Process during Tonsillectomy Procedure
International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 2015
Patients with recurrent throat pain, dysphagia, or facial pain symptoms might have Eagle's syndrome due to abnormal length of the styloid process or calcification of stylohyoid ligament complex. In adults, the styloid process is approximately 2.5 cm long. The etiology of this disease is not well understood, and usually asymptomatic. In some cases, the styloid tip, which is located between the external and internal carotid arteries, compresses the perivascular sympathetic fibers, resulting in a persistent pain. The disease can be diagnosed by physical examination through digital palpation of the styloid process in the tonsillar fossa or by radiographic workup that includes anterior-posterior and lateral skull films. We report a 33-year-old woman with an incidental finding of an elongated styloid process during a routine tonsillectomy procedure.
Anterior tonsillar fossa approach to elongated styloid process
Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery, 2020
IntRoductIon Patients reporting with pharyngodynia and neck pain symptoms can lead to an extensive differential diagnosis. [1] The close proximity of the styloid process to many of the vital neurovascular structures in the neck makes it clinically significant; abnormal elongation of the styloid process may cause compression on a number of vessels and nerves with whom it shares close proximity often producing confusing signs and symptoms. [2] This elongation was first described in 1652 by an Italian surgeon Pietro Marchetti, who attributed it to an ossifying process of the stylohyoid ligament. [3] In 1937, Eagle, an otolaryngologist at Duke University, coined the term "stylalgia" to describe the pain associated with this abnormality. [4-6] Eagle postulated that there are two types of syndromes, which finally came to bear his name. [7] Classic type The classic type is characterized by pain secondary to stimulation of cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X and is often seen following tonsillectomy. Carotid artery type Styloid process gets involved with carotid nerve plexuses causing foreign-body sensation in the pharynx and neck pain on rotation of the head. There are three syndromes closely associated with styloid process syndrome: Costen's syndrome, Trotter's syndrome, and myofacial pain syndrome. [8] Weinlechner described the first surgical case in 1872. [9] In this article of case series, we would like to demonstrate the successful management of elongated styloid process through a new novel intraoral surgical approach, which we
A clinical study of the patients with elongated styloid process
2017
Background: The elongation of styloid process is considered an anomaly which can cause throat pain and cervicofacial pain and trigger a series of symptoms such as dysphagia, odynophagia, facial pain, ear pain, headache, tinnitus and trismus. The present study was undertaken find out the length of styloid process in patients with throat pain. Methods: A prospective study was conducted among 150 patients. A detailed ENT and general examination was done apart from palpation of the styloid along the posterior tonsillar pillar, a routine Hematological tests with estimation of serum calcium levels, and X-ray towne view was done. Results: The female to male ratio was found to be 1.6:1. Of the 150 cases 92 were middle aged females, the severity of symptoms were directly proportional to the length and the thickness of the styloid. The symptoms ranged from foreign body sensation in the throat to cervicofacial pain and otalgia. Serum Calcium levels were elevated in 60% of the cases. Conclusions: Elongation of the styloid being multi-factorial in origin. A strong suspicion is required on the part of the surgeon to rule out this particular entity. A simple palpitation and an x- ray Towne view can establish the diagnosis of elongated styloid process.
Stylocarotid syndrome: An unusual case report
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 2012
Patients presenting with vague head and neck pain can lead to wide-ranging differential diagnosis. Elongation of styloid process (SP) should also be considered as one of the etiological factors for cervical pain radiating to jaws, pharyngodynia, and difficulty in swallowing. Symptomatic elongation of SP or mineralization of stylohyoid ligament is referred as Eagle's syndrome. It is a rare entity presenting with an array of symptoms like recurrent throat pain, dysphagia, otalgia, and neck pain. History and physical examination play a vital role in diagnosing this condition and further radiological investigation confirms the diagnosis. The preferred radiologic modality is 3D-computed tomography, which gives accurate information about length, angulation, type of elongation, and relation to vital structures and hence helps in execution of treatment planning. This paper describes clinical approach, imaging investigations, and management of a case of Eagle's syndrome.
Imaging science in dentistry, 2018
Historically, Eagle syndrome is a term that has been used to describe radiating pain in the orofacial region, foreign body sensation, and/or dysphagia due to a unilateral or bilateral elongated styloid process impinging upon the tonsillar region. Because elongated styloid processes-with or without associated Eagle syndrome-can present with various symptoms and radiographic findings, it can be challenging for healthcare practitioners to formulate an accurate diagnosis. Abnormal styloid anatomy can lead to a multitude of symptoms, including chronic orofacial/neck pain, thus masquerading as more commonly diagnosed conditions. In this report, we describe a patient who presented to our department with styloid process elongation and fracture. A careful history, physical examination, and a conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) investigation led to the diagnosis. The patient was then referred for appropriate care. This case report demonstrates the utilization of CBCT in differentiating a frac...
Modified intraoral approach for removal of an elongated styloid process
Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, 2011
To decrease the postoperative pain and the probability of intraoperative complications during intraoral removal of an elongated styloid process. A prospective, clinical trial. Twenty-seven patients with 45 elongated styloid processes underwent surgery. There were 24 females and 3 males, with a mean age of 47.1 years. A simple visual analogue scale was used to assess pre- and postoperative pain. The length and medial and anterior angulation of each process were measured on lateral skull and Towne projection. During the surgery, after tonsillectomy was performed, the styloid process was identified and the process was stripped off proximally using a ring curette. The muscles and ligaments were in continuity with the periosteum, and attachments to the periostem were not disrupted. No intraoperative complications were seen. Only 2 of 45 procedures did not result in a decrease in pain, and a success rate of 95.6% was achieved by this modified surgical method. Excision of the styloid proce...
Radiologic Evaluation of the Stylohyoid Syndromes
The Internet Journal of Radiology, 2008
The stylohyoid syndromes are a constellation of head and neck pain syndromes that are associated with an elongated styloid process or ossified stylohyoid chain. The reported prevalence of the syndrome varies widely between 1.4% and 30%. The clinical features are subtle and patients are frequently misdiagnosed. The clinician may be guided to the correct diagnosis by history and physical examination, but the condition is confirmed on radiographic investigations. We review the radiologic features associated with the stylohyoid syndromes.
Incidence of Elongated Styloid Process: A Radiographic Study
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2011
Many studies revealed that the styloid process and the stylohyoid chain presented considerable anatomic variability. Many times this elongated styloid process has also been attributed as a cause of pain and discomfort in the neck and throat region which was known as Eagle's syndrome or styloid syndrome or stylohyoid syndrome. Hence, a study was designed to determine the length of styloid process on the orthopantomograph and review the selected related literature. A total of 200 healthy subjects of both the sexes in the age group of 5 to 75 years were radiographed. Each styloid process form both sides was classified to its morphologic appearance and measured. The data was subjected to statistical analysis which revealed elongation of styloid process increases as the age advances, when the incidence of elongation is compared on the right and left side no statistically significant difference is found. Pain is not associated with length or incidence of elongation.