Maciej Badowicz. Studium z dziejów wina w państwie zakonu krzyżackiego w Prusach XIV–XV wieku: produkcja, dystrybucja, konsumpcja [A Study of Wine in Teutonic Prussia, 14th–15th Centuries: Production, Distribution, and Consumption] (original) (raw)
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The Wine Trade Between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Hungarian Kingdom — 1. Middle Age
V. Baskent International Conference On Multidisciplinary Studies December 21-22, 2023 Ankara, Türkiye Proceedings Book Eds Hasan Büyükaslan, H. Çiftçi Ve. Delen. Liberty Academic Publishers: New York, US Print: 28.12.2023. - ISBN: 978-1-955094-84-9 65, p. 1157 1165. , 2023
At the Baltic Sea, the Orden of the Brethren of the Sword, imported much wine from Central Europe, thus from Hungary, too, but after the Middle Ages. Because in the Middle Ages, the grape grew in the Baltic region and along the Polish lands, as well. The “Little Ice Age” destroyed the grape culture in central Polish lands and to the North of them. As a consequence, the trade of Hungarian wines (red and white kinds of them) increased. However, later the Polish urban municipalities, mainly that of Lviv (Lwów, Lemberg) protested against the Hungarian Wine import, in the 17/18th centuries. Then, those prosecces will be analyzed in the second paper, at the 9th Ankara Congress on December 28 and the second part of this topic will be published there. Now we deal with the Middle Ages in this paper. - The “Little Ice Age” was not a true ice age but a relatively cool period that lasted from the 14th century until the 19th century. It occurred after the Medieval Warm Period and influenced agriculture as well. The grape growing had been flourishing on territories of “The Crown” of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Middle Ages, then the viticulture disappeared from the break of 15/16 cc. The Polish-Jewish-Ukrainian great city, Lviv/Lwów appeared as a Medieval center of viticulture, and in the Early Modern Age, it needed to import vine, as was reflected in the trade of the Greek Catholic Archbishopric of Lviv/Lwów, for the vine was necessary to celebrate the liturgy. Hungarian wines became a subject of import on the territories of “The Polish Crown” (thus Poland and the former south part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which was attached to the Polish Kingdom after the Lublin Union in 1569) albeit earlier, in the Medieval Warm Period the vines of these territories were subject of sale. (A.G.Z. 1868 1931; (Zimorowicz, 1835)
Culture and Tradition of Wine Drinking in Poland in the Half of the Sixteenth Century
MEST Journal, 2016
The paper fits in the area of anthropological research on everyday life from a historical perspective. The paper concerns the habits of wine consumption in the Polish lands in the sixteenth century and the range of its uses. The materials used in researching the project included Polish narrative sourcesherbaria and chronicles, as well as accounts of foreigners who visited Poland in the studied period. As an imported beverage, wine was expensive and thus treated as a luxury drink. It was drunk mostly by people of high social and material status. The practice of serving wine, instead of locally produced beer, was often criticised by contemporary moralist writers. Wine was associated with foreign cultural influences, and seen as a departure from the traditional beer. In the Polish lands in the sixteenth century, wine was used as a drink, medicine and cooking ingredient. Wine was imported from southern Europe,
Wine and Identity in Poland from the late Seventeenth to the early Nineteenth Century
Biographies of Drink: a Case Study Approach to Our Historical Relationship with Alcohol, ed. Mark Hailwood, Deborah Toner, 2015
By charting both the discourses and practices associated with wine consumption in Poland in the long eighteenth century this chapter offers a “social biography” of the drink, highlighting how wine's “story” can shed light on other aspects of Polish society at this time, especially on developments in elite culture and on attempts to construct Polish national identity. The chapter examines the connection between identity and wine in three main ways: by looking at foreigners' perspectives on wine consumption; at the choice of wine made by nobles for their cellars and personal consumption; and at the nostalgic nineteenth-century discourse referring to Polish traditions after the loss of independence. Having used these perspectives to build the social biography of wine in Poland in the long eighteenth century, the chapter argues that wine played an important role in the construction of Polish identity and in its maintenance during a difficult time of statelessness. Foreigners often viewed Polish drinking habits as excessive, but Poles understood drinking practices as a means of communicating with the members of a given social group. Refusing to drink, changing one's drinking habits, or—eventually—drinking a different beverage, could be seen as denial of the old order. In the second half of the eighteenth century the traditional so-called “Polish wine” from Hungary lost its position as the drink of choice among the noble classes in favor of French champagne, as part of a broader social process in which consumption increasingly signified identification with traditional or modern values. Self-proclaimed “real citizens” valued the traditional Polish way of dressing and the taste of Hungarian wine, while French clothes and wines like champagne were preferred by those perceived to be embracing modernity. Across the late medieval and early modern periods the evolving political and cultural relationship between Poland and Lithuania, particularly in the changing status of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was an important driver in these questions of consumption, identity, tradition and modernity. The union of Poland and Lithuania was characterized by numerous conflicts and clashes over not only political power, but also over the privilege and prominence afforded to different cultural and religious practices. Sarmitism, an ideology combining the orient, Western European and domestic Polish elements, provided the foundations for the emerging Polish culture. During the eighteenth century, however, Sarmitism was heavily criticized as obscurantist and old-fashioned, and ceased to be synonymous with Polish identity, as increasingly French fashions and items of consumption were adopted by the noble classes. This transformation in the development of elite identity is exemplified through wine consumption. Tokay wine was central to the catalogue of objects constructing the image of the old Polish nobleman and was as typical of him as a kontusz [Sarmatian attire] or a sabre. The move towards the consumption of French wines reflected how Polish nobles were adopting a more self-consciously modern identity for themselves and their culture; however, the ongoing importance of more traditional symbols of Polish identity, such as tokay wine, following the loss of independence indicates the layered and complex process in the development of Polish identity. This social biography of wine, therefore, sheds light on a key moment in the development of Poland’s own biography.
A Holy Beverage: On the History of Wine
2016
In this paper we shall consider several aspects in which we can investigate the occurrence, the presence, and the significance of wine in the Balkans. We will use data from ethnolinguistics and folk literature, especially the presence of giving a toast and the cult of drinking wine in epic poetry, as well the etiological legends that analyze the origins of wine. In addition to this, some accompanying ritual and cult actions will be analyzed that may explain the significance and meaning of wine in some parts of traditional folk culture. Клучни зборови: вино, традиционалната култура, потеклото на виното, етиолошкилегенди Резиме: Во овој труд ќе се осврнеме на некои аспекти во испитувањето на појавата и значењето на виното на Балканот. Ќе бидат опфатени податоците одетнолингвистиката и народната книжевност, со особен акцент на здравицата и култот на пиење вино во епската поезија, како и потеклото на истото во етиолошките легенди. Во прилог на ова, ќе бидат анализирани некои придружни ритуали и култови, што уште повеќе го потенцира значењето на виното во традиционалната народна култура.
The role of wine and its derivatives in the service of the Roman army has been a common theme of scholarly discussion for long. Many different aspects of this relationship have been highlighted, like e.g., production and consumption of wine, or its many military and ideological uses. This has not been the case for wine and the army of the Eastern Roman Empire, commonly named the Byzantine Empire, that continues many of the traditional Roman practices but also introduces substantial innovations. The connection of Byzantine army and wine has been mostly seen as a logistics issue connected with rations and quantities distributed. A vast number of evidence from material culture and textual sources exist that can be used to nuance the realities of securing and distributing wine to the Byzantine army from the 4th to the 6th century: narrative sources, papyri documents from Egypt, a vast network of wine-producing installations in Syria, Palestine and Egypt, specialized transport vessels reaching even the furthest military base up the Danube frontier. Recently, we have argued for a possible relationship of specific wine production and extensive viticulture with the needs of both stationed troops and armies on campaign, especially in the period between the 7th and 10th centuries. Early Medieval Amorium in central Asia Minor offers a good example of many wine-making installations introduced inside the city walls in the 7th century to service the needs for wine of the newly relocated armies of the East. The aim of this paper is to offer a first synthesis and examine heuristically the evidence regarding the connection between the Byzantine army and wine on different levels, from military logistics to economies of consumption and production. Additionally, we will be examining the breaks and continuities of the Byzantine economy of military wine between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages.
Wine and Institutions in the Ancient World - International conference, Ghent 7-8 December
2023
Attendance is free, but for practical reasons we ask to register using the following link: https://event.ugent.be/registration/WIAW While the conference is in the first place a physical gathering, some of the talks are virtual and the event can also be followed online via Teams. Those interested in online attendance can register on the dedicated Eventbrite page: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/wine-and-institutions-in-the-ancient-world-tickets-759557515977 Registered participants will receive the team links for both days on December 6. Conference theme Wine was deeply embedded in ancient Mediterranean societies at all levels, especially in the Greco-Roman world. It was the beverage of choice for the wealthy and the poor, the most important intoxicant in the ancient world and a major source of calories in the daily diet. Wine was universally used in ceremony and medicine, and its drinking equivalent to civilized socio-cultural behavior. This put wine on the tables of all classes and kinds of people, from the common man to the emperor, from slaves to citizens, from military men to civilians, and from pagan to believer. This widespread and profound importance of wine in ancient societies and economies made it the object of recurrent and widespread exploitation and control by various institutions, including first the ruling elites, states and legal bodies - e.g., in trade and provisioning by statal supply mechanisms (cf. the Roman annona or the Greek polis), in agriculture through the presence of rural government-owned estates, and in legislation by giving privileges or tax reliefs to producers and traders - but also religious organizations (e.g., productions connected to temples, churches, monasteries, etc.) and both civilian and military associations in town and country. This conference explores how wine was produced, traded, and consumed within these kinds of institutional frameworks in the ancient Mediterranean, in East and West, and from Classical to Late Antiquity. The conference also hosts a keynote lecture by Jon Seligman on The wine presses and kilns of Yavne – technology, quantification and the terroir of Gaza and Ashqelon. Jon was originally planning to give his lecture in Ghent, but due to the terrible turn of events, he will be joining us online to discuss his important and fascinating work.
Terroir, Institutions and Improvements in European Wine History: An Introduction
Palgrave Studies in Economic History
The project of a book collecting papers about different European wine regions was developed during Spring 2017 by Paolo Tedeschi and Manuel Vaquero Piñeiro, scholars in economic history and members of the informal group of research about the Italian Oeno-History. Considering that, from food and agricultural history points of view, the wine sector is at the core of the present scientific debate and the social, economic and legislative relevance of the products of the terroir
WINE AS AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PRODUCT: A HISTORICAL AND COMPARATIVE LEGAL APPROACH
Ekonomika poljoprivrede, 2022
Wine is not just a product of modern times. Wine, one of the oldest drinks in the world, was sold and inherited by ancient civilizations. Its importance is indicated by the regulation of wine in the Codes of ancient Mesopotamia and Roman law. Today, this agri-food product is sold on both the domestic and foreign markets, and it is indisputable that the production and sale of this product must be legally regulated. The authors of this paper, by analyzing the legal provisions of Roman law, the Law on Wine and the Criminal Code of Republic of Serbia, point out the importance of the existence and expansion of legal provisions related to wine and its producers and precise criminal law provisions in case of sale of wine produced contrary to legal regulations and contrary to the health of people who consumed the same. The stated purpose of the paper, in order to draw a conclusion about the importance of specifying legal provisions, was achieved by presenting the historical and positive legal regulation, using the historical method and comparative analysis.