A study of effects of anemia on maternal and perinatal outcomes (original) (raw)
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Background:Maternalanemiais an important cause of maternalmortalityin developing countries likeIndia. Anemia is also responsible for complications like infections, heart failure, pre term labor,etc as well as adverse fetal outcomes. Prevalence of anemia is different among different socioeconomic backgrounds. Hence this study was conducted to assess the maternal and fetal outcomes in anemic women and to compare these outcomes in women presenting with anemia in first and third trimesters. Methods: 51 pregnant women attending OBG OPD were classified into three equal groups of 17 with first group having non anemic women, 2 nd group having women anemic throughout pregnancy and 3 rd group with women anemic in 3 rd trimester alone. Results:Women presenting with anemia in 1 st trimester tend to have lower hemoglobin values and blood indices throughout pregnancy. Moreover, there was significant association between those who had anemia throughout pregnancy and preterm deliveries, lower birth weights and lower APGAR scores. Conclusion:Thus, anemia control measures should start periconceptionally so that women enter the state of pregnancy with adequate iron reserves. An intergenerational approach towards anemia control should hence be adopted for healthier mothers.
Background: Anemia is one of the common medical conditions among pregnant women. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia among pregnant females attending the Family Medicine Department (FMD) at KFAFH and to assess the risk factors contributing to it during pregnancy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among all pregnant women who visited the FMD at KFAFH on Monday. Results: The prevalence of anemia was observed to be 409 (40%). Maternal anemia was significantly associated with some risk factors, such as the gravidity, gestational age, antenatal care visit, history of abortion, history of bleeding in the current pregnancy, iron and folic acid supplements consumption, and planning of pregnancy were statistically significant between anemic and non-anemic women. However, we noticed that the age group and BMI were not statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: To summarize, there is a significantly high prevalence of anemia among pregnant women who visited FMD in KFAFH, and such associated risk factors were determined.
Anemia during Pregnancy: Most Preventable yet most Prevalent
Journal of SAFOG with DVD, 2011
Objective: To study the relationship between maternal hemoglobin and maternal and perinatal outcomes in a cohort of 1200 women, and to highlight the importance of antenatal care to improve maternal health, maternal and fetal outcome. Method: All singleton pregnancies delivering at NKPSIMS, from January 2009 to December 2009 that fulfilled the required criteria were included. Results: Out of 1200 women, 787 were anemic (67.2%) < 11 gm of Hb and 413 were nonanemic. Perinatal outcome included preterm delivery, birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, perinatal death, low Apgar scores and intrauterine fetal death. Risk of preterm and low birth weight among anemic women was 4.2 times and 1.8 times more than nonanemic women. The neonates of anemic women had 1.8 times more risk of low Apgar scores at 1 minute. Among anemic women there was 2.4 times greater risk of intrauterine fetal death than nonanemic women. The women with anemia had 2.5 times higher incidence of PPH than nonanemic women. Puerperal complications were 2.5 times more in anemic women than nonanemic women. Conclusions: Regular patient education by imparting proper knowledge regarding iron-rich foods, food fortification, implementation of anemia prophylaxis program from adolescence, regular antenatal care from 1st trimester has a vital role in assessing and managing maternal anemia timely, and it directly affects the perinatal outcome. The patients with anemia have higher risk of having low birth weight,
Incidence and outcome of anemia in pregnant women: a study in a tertiary care centre
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2018
Background: Anemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiency diseases observed globally affecting both developed and developing countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. Prevention and management of maternal anemia is crucial to prevent morbidity and mortality of the fetus.Methods: The patient history was taken in detail, including age weight and height. BMI was calculated for all the 296 patients who were booked for delivery in our hospital. On enrolment, blood was drawn from the patient for regular check including blood grouping, biochemical parameters including iron estimation, total iron binding capacity, complete blood picture including hemoglobin. Any cause for bleeding was evaluated.Results: 143 patients (48.3%) had a haemoglobin count of less than 10gm%. Most of the anemic patients had moderate anemia followed by women with mild anemia. The most common age group affected was 20-30 years, which was the predominant ag...
“Anemia during Pregnancy and Its Prevalence”
Primary Care [Working Title], 2021
Anemia is a serious health issue throughout the world affecting both sexes of any age group. This nutritional disease is more common among the pregnant women of developing countries, where it is a major cause of maternal death and negative outcome of pregnancy. Among all anemic types, IDA is most prevalent one and is comprises of about 95% of all anemic cases around the world. In many developing countries it is more common in women of low socio-economic background and with no record of antenatal checkup. There is need for further health educational programs to overcome anemia especially for pregnant females.
" Tracking the Severity of Anemia in Pregnancy: A 100 Case Prospective Study "
Low hemoglobin level in pregnancy is a most important health problem with unpleasant maternal and fetal outcome worldwide, particularly in developing countries like India. Though pregnancy, it is the most exciting period of expectations and fulfillments, but it is a condition of great stress because many anabolic activities takes place and fetal growth is accomplished extensive changes in maternal body composition and metabolism. Hematological findings are the primary and cheapest method for diagnosing the mild, moderate and severe anemia during pregnancy. Objectives: The objective of our study was tracking the severity of anemia in pregnancy: A 100 case prospective study. Material and Methods: This descriptive study (" Tracking the severity of anemia in pregnancy: A 100 case prospective study "), was carried out on 100 pregnant women, during January 2018 to April 2018, at ANC at NIMS&R Hospital, Shobha Nagar, NIMS University, Jaipur (Rajasthan) after obtaining human ethical approval. CBC (cell counter) was done and degree of anemia was measured as mild (10.0-10.9 gm/dl), moderate (7.0 to 9.9 gm/dl) and severe (5.0-6.9 gm/dl). The data was compiled, tabulated, analyzed with percentages. Results: 42 (42%) pregnant women have normal hemoglobin, which of them 08 (19%), 20 (47%) and 14 (33%) women are belongs with 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd trimesters correspondingly. 13 (13%) women suffered with mild anemic, which of them 02 (15%), 05 (38%) and 06 (46%) women are belongs with 1 st , 2 nd 3 rd correspondingly, whereas 37 (37%) and 8 (8%) suffered with moderate and severe anemia, in which 15 (40%), 13 (35%), 09 (24%) and 01 (12%), 04 (50%), 03 (38%) women belongs with 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd trimester correspondingly. Conclusion: Anemia is related with high rate of morbidity and mortality, and the most commonly reasons are poverty and social deprivation. It is highly recommended that more efficient guidelines regarding educating girl child, spreading effective awareness regarding balanced diet, regular antenatal health-check for safe motherhood.
2016
Introduction: Anemia is the nutritional deficiency disorder and 56% of all women living in developing countries are anaemic (World Health Organization). It is the second most cause In India and 20% of total maternal deaths are due to anemia. Aims and Objectives: 1.To study the prevalence of anaemia in rural pregnant women. 2. To study the factors associated with anemia. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on pregnant women, attending the Maternity Clinic of Rural Health training Centre and teaching hospital of Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences Karimnagar Telangana, India. Study period is one year from 1stOctober2014 to 30th September 2015. Anemia was classified as per the World Health Organization criteria. The Participants were 269, interviewed by using a prestructured and pretested questionnaire. Inclusion criteria: The study subjects age < 20 years to 30 and > 30 years. We have also observed the anemia in 1st, 2nd & 3rd trimester. Exclusion criteria...
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2017
Background: In India anaemia continue to be high (88.5%) and is the second most common cause of maternal deaths, accounting for almost one-fifths of total maternal deaths. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to find the prevalence of undiagnosed anemia among pregnant women and its socio-demographic correlates. Methods: It was a hospital based cross-sectional study, conducted among 400 pregnant women attending their first time antenatal visit at the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Katihar Medical College and Hospital. Results: Out of 400 pregnant women 88.5 percent were found to be anaemic; maximum in the age group of less than 18 years. Anemia was significantly associated with age, parity, gestational age and inversely related to religion, birth interval, type of the family, socioeconomic and educational status, calories and protein intake. Conclusions: The prevalence of undiagnosed anemia among pregnant women was quite high and were associated with age, parity, gestational age, birth interval, diet, socioeconomic and educational status.
Society for Scientific Research, 2024
Background: Anemia is a recognized risk element for numerous adverse outcomes during pregnancy and childbirth. However, limited comprehensive data is available regarding its influence on specific maternal health issues. Additionally, there is inadequate research on the connections between anemia during pregnancy and the resulting impacts on both the mother and the fetus outcome. Methods: In this observational study, a total of 414 pregnant female participants were recruited according to their hemoglobin levels (Hb). The subjects were divided into mild, moderate, and severe anemia according to their hemoglobin level, Results: The study consisted of 414 women with varying degrees of anemia: mild (228,55.1%), moderate (128,30.9%), and severe (58,14%). The morphological analysis indicated that the majority of cases exhibited normocytic normochromic anemia, as opposed to microcytic hypochromic anemia, in both mild (60.5% vs 39.5%) and moderate anemic pregnant women (55.5% vs 44.5%). However, this proportion was reversed in severe cases, with a prevalence of 84.5% for microcytic hypochromic anemia. The results indicated that pregnant women with anemia were more likely to experience adverse outcomes, except for placental complications (p-value=0.05), delivery method (p-value=0.02), and fatal consequences such as low birth weight and miscarriage (p<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of mild-moderate and severe anemia was found to be associated with maternal complications and adverse outcomes such as low birth weight and miscarriage. Adopting a comprehensive approach to prevent anemia in women of reproductive age is crucial to improving their hematological status and enhancing maternal and child health outcomes. Key-words: Anemia, Hemoglobin, Preterm birth, IUD, Fetal growth restriction