Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article- Efforts for Energy-Based Regionalisation in the Turkic World: The Organization of Turkic States / Osman Ağır / Zehra Aksu / bilig Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 109 (original) (raw)

Türkiye's Energy Diplomacy and Regional Relations (Türkiye'nin Enerji Diplomasisi ve Bölgesel İlişkileri)

TESAM AKADEMİ , 2024

In the intricate web of international relations, Türkiye's energy diplomacy stands out as a crucial determinant of regional dynamics. This article explores the profound impact of Türkiye's energy policies on regional relations, contending that strategic energy maneuvers have yielded positive outcomes. Through ongoing energy projects and collaborative agreements with neighboring countries, Türkiye strategically enhances its regional balance of power. Liberalism and soft power seamlessly integrate into Türkiye's energy diplomacy, framing the nation's approach. The synergy between these concepts and Türkiye's energy initiatives positions it as a key player in regional affairs. Looking ahead, sustainability and renewable energy gain prominence. Türkiye, aligning with global shifts towards eco-friendly solutions, is poised to play a pivotal role. Efforts to become a central energy hub not only reflect national aspirations but also forecast heightened regional influence. In essence, Türkiye's energy diplomacy fortifies regional relations, propelling the nation towards enhanced influence. As sustainable energy policies take center stage globally, Türkiye's adept navigation is expected to solidify its status as a formidable player in evolving international relations.

The energy context of Turkish-Russian relations: is it cooperation or competition

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science;AFE 2021 IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937 (2021) 042045, 2021

Energy requirements brought about by the industrialization and rapid population growth in developing countries such as Turkey have led to different processes. In particular, the inadequacy of underground sources of energy to meet the energy demand, Turkey is headed to energy imports. This situation makes Turkey dependent on outside day by day. European Union countries lacking in energy sources such as Turkey, are making various energy agreements in order to solve this problem. In these energy agreements, the source geography is the Asian continent, especially the Caucasus. Turkey, along with Russia, is the main actor on the energy route between East and West. Partnership on energy with Russia began in the 1960s has made Russia the dominant power for Turkey's energy. This study examines the energy relationship between Turkey and Russia, where cooperation and rivalry are inevitable in terms of national and international interests. In this context, the factors that are subject to the energy relationship between the two countries were discussed in the study. The conclusion reached at the end of the study is that although the competition is at the forefront, the two countries have to cooperate as they are the main actors for the East-West energy route.

HEGEMON GÜÇLERİN ENERJİ SİYASETİ: ORTA ASYA TÜRK CUMHURİYETLERİ ÖRNEĞİ HEGEMONIC POWERS’ ENERGY POLITICS: EXAMPLE OF CENTRAL ASIA TURKISH REPUBLICS

ÖZET Enerji, üretimde kullanılan en önemli girdilerinden biri olup, devletlerin iktisadi kalkınmasında ve sosyal refahın gelişiminde en önemli aktörlerden biridir. Enerjinin, bu önemlerinden ötürü, hegemon devletlerin temel odak noktaları, enerji kaynaklarının yoğun olduğu bölgeler olmuştur. Artan enerji ihtiyacı karşısında, Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetleri’nin enerji rezervleri bakımından zengin olmalarından ötürü, Türk Cumhuriyetleri’nin makroekonomik göstergeler üzerinde olumlu etki yaratabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu durum uluslararası hegemon güçlerin bölgeye ilgisini arttırmaktadır. Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetleri gerek bulunduğu konum, gerekse sahip olduğu enerji kaynaklarından dolayı tarihsel olarak hegemon güçlerin oyun sahası içinde yer almıştır. Bu bildiride öncelikle hegemon gücün ne olduğu tanımlanacaktır. Ardından Bölge üzerinde hegemon güç olarak kabul edilen Rusya Federasyonu (RF), Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ve Çin’in bölge üzerindeki enerji siyaseti incelenecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hegemon, Enerji, Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetleri ABSTRACT Energy is one of the most important inputs that used in production. Also energy is one of the most important actor that the states of economic development and development of social welfare.The main focus of the hegemonic states, areas where energy resources are intense. Central Asia Turkish Republics are substantial in terms of energy reserves. The interest of international hegemonic powers increase about the region. This article, first will define what the hegemonic power is and than the hegemonic powers of the region that Russian Federation (RF), United States (US) and China will be examined on the energy policies. Keywords: Hegemon, Energy, Central Asia Turkish Republics

Turkey-Azerbaijan Energy Relations: A Political and Economic Analysis

It is now widely recognized that Turkey-Azerbaijan relations have always been strong and described with the phrase "one nation with two states ". This paper is concerned with economic and political nature of Turkey-Azerbaijan relations. Initially, the evolution of Turkish-Azerbaijani relations after the independence of Azerbaijan has been examined. This paper gives an overview of the impacts of Nagorno-Karabagh issue and efforts to normalize the relations between Turkey and Armenia on relations between Turkey and Azerbaijan. Energy has a special place in the relationship between the two countries. Azerbaijan's economy, energy sectors of Azerbaijan and Turkey has been assessed. Moreover, this paper gives a comparative analysis on economic relationship between Turkey and Azerbaijan. This study finally discusses the main trends and contributions of energy projects on Turkey-Azerbaijan relations.

Energy strategy development of Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan: A Comparative Analysis

Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan are the three former republics of the Soviet Union, which are endowed with rich hydrocarbon resources. This factor is crucial in the development of these countries. The availability of oil and gas for any state is considered a panacea for solving economic problems and even realizing of political goals; the three countries are not an exception in this row either. Having gained independence in 1991, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan began to actively seek ways to increase the extraction of their natural resources and markets for their sale. However, each country chose its own strategy. In general, the energy strategy of these countries can be divided into two periods: the first period, the desire to increase oil and gas production and the formation of transport routes to enter the world markets, the second period that began relatively recently, the formation of a petrochemical industrial complex to increase the effective use of energy resources and revenues from them. It is worth noting that the implementation of tasks set in the second period can be carried out in parallel with the continuation of the strategy that was formed in the first period. This article provides information on the energy strategies of Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, on the stages of its development, common and different sides in their policies.

International politics of energy between Russia and Turkey

Turkey is a rapidly growing state through the economy and industry. She also has had a rapidly growing population. Because of these factors, she has been an important energy consumer state in recent years. In fact, in order to provide their population's demands and the efficiency and productivity in industry, every country needs energy because it is the main source of power. A state can be an energy producer country or importer of it in order to respond her needs. In this context, when we look at Turkey, she has been a consumer country on energy and she has been importing different kinds of energy from different countries such as Russia, Iran Islamic Republic and Iraq. However, the relation between Russia and Turkey is different and more important than which is with others because Russia is the main supplier country for Turkey on many different energy sources such as oil, natural gas and LNG. Although they did not have well relations-even they were rivals-before the end of the cold war-the collapse of Soviet Russia-, now, they are mutually dependence with each other through the energy.

The Turkey and Azerbaijan Energy Relations

This paper examines the energy partnership between Turkey and Azerbaijan in the context of the Southern Corridor. It argues that an interdependent relationship between Turkey and Azerbaijan has emerged, parallel to the rising importance of the Caspian basin in European energy security discussions. It maintains that Azerbaijan plays three distinct yet interrelated roles in Turkey's energy policies: supplier for domestic markets, contributor/enabler of transit projects, and investor. The paper investigates the development of Turkey-Azerbaijan relations chronologically. It shows how these three roles evolved in three successive phases: the 1990s; the first decade of the 2000s; and recent years. The paper then analyzes the implications of the recent TANAP+TAP project for Turkey-Azerbaijan relations as well as for the Southern Corridor in general.

Turkish-Azerbaijani Energy Relations: Significant Leverage in the Implementation of the Foreign Policy Interests of Both Countries

Insight Turkey, 2015

This article analyzes Turkey’s official energy strategy to indicate how it responds to actual challenges by striking a compromise between market characteristics, and geopolitics and foreign policy. It points to Turkey’s growing energy demand as one of the most significant factors that affect the country’s policies and elaborates how Turkey’s supply security perspective intersects with geopolitical features and foreign policy issues on behalf of international cooperation. The first section, with conceptual highlights, gives a brief picture of the actual energy security challenges that Turkey faces. The second part focuses on Turkey’s official energy strategy (Turkey’s Energy Strategic Plan, as introduced by the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources) to understand how these policies respond to the challenges Turkey faces. The final section gives an idea of how Turkey’s energy security strategy supports international cooperation with diverse actors. Turkey’s Energy Strategy: Synchro...