Use of spectral mapping and stepwise regression analysis for the assessment of the relationship between chemical structure and biological activity of surfactants (original) (raw)

Potential biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of microbial surfactants

WPPS, 2015

Many microorganisms are able to produce a wide range of amphipathic compounds, with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties present within the same molecule which allow them to exhibit surface activities at interfaces and are generally called biosurfactants. Biosurfactants are versatile, structurally diverse group of surface-active substances produced by microorganisms and have variety of applications in the sectors including bioremediation, food industry, agriculture and pharmaceuticals. Interest in biosurfactant production has markedly increased during the past decade, although large-scale production has not been possible because of low production yields and high total costs. At present, biosurfactants have gained importance in environmental applications, while new applications in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic and food industry, with a high added value, are still developing. Recently, the potential applications of biosurfactants in the biomedical field have increased. Their antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities make them relevant molecules for applications in combating many diseases and as therapeutic agents. In addition, their role as anti-adhesive agents against several pathogens indicates their utility as suitable anti-adhesive coating agents for medical insertional materials leading to a reduction in a large number of hospital infections without the use of synthetic drugs and chemicals. This article emphasizes the medicinal and therapeutic perspective of biosurfactants. With these specialized and cost-effective applications, biosurfactants can be considered as an interesting option for the near future.

A Review on Microbial Surfactants: Production, Classifications, Properties and Characterization

Surfactants are a surface-active group of molecular compounds with hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties in one single molecule that distributes themselves between two immiscible fluids, reduce surface/ interfacial tensions and cause the solubility of non-polar compounds in polar solvents. Besides surface and interfacial activities, they display properties such as solubilization, detergency, lubrication, emulsification, stabilization and foaming capacity. Microbiologically derived surfactants are called biosurfactants. They are produced as either metabolic products or as the surface chemistry of an actual cell. The employment of screening techniques such as surface tension measurements, drop collapse test, oil spreading assay, emulsification index (%EI24), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/methylene blue agar plate test and strain characterization. Others are analytical techniques including liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, thin layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry and electrospray Review Article Fenibo et al.; JAMB, 18(3): 1-22, 2019; Article no.JAMB.51198 2 ionization-mass spectrometry. These have led to the identification of biosurfactant producing microorganisms, properties and characterization of biosurfactants. Therefore, this review tends to provide the current knowledge of the screening techniques and chromatography/spectroscopic tools employed to study biosurfactants. Results from a detailed study of these tools can unveil new surfactant producing microorganism, decipher chemical diversity and multifunctional properties of biosurfactants critical for applications in diverse industrial sectors.

Surfactant and its applications: A review

Surfactants are organic compounds with amphipathic character and have great structural diversity. The commercialization of synthetic surfactant has taken place in 20 th century. Surfactants are one of the most widespread chemical of any industry and use everywhere from cloths, foods, detergents, pharmaceutical, and agriculture to modern science. The wide range of applications of surfactants makes its more concern about more and advance research in the next future. This review provides an overview of surfactants classification, structural characteristics and application in the various fields in detail.

Microbial surfactants: A journey from fundamentals to recent advances

Frontiers in Microbiology

Microbial surfactants are amphiphilic surface-active substances aid to reduce surface and interfacial tensions by accumulating between two fluid phases. They can be generically classified as low or high molecular weight biosurfactants based on their molecular weight, whilst overall chemical makeup determines whether they are neutral or anionic molecules. They demonstrate a variety of fundamental characteristics, including the lowering of surface tension, emulsification, adsorption, micelle formation, etc. Microbial genera like Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Candida spp., and Pseudozyma spp. are studied extensively for their production. The type of biosurfactant produced is reliant on the substrate utilized and the pathway pursued by the generating microorganisms. Some advantages of biosurfactants over synthetic surfactants comprise biodegradability, low toxicity, bioavailability, specificity of action, structural diversity, and effectiveness in harsh environments. Biosurfactants a...