Experimental investigations on fiber laser color marking of steels (original) (raw)
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Factors influencing the color laser marking
Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, 2015
In recent years, conventional techniques of marking on some parts of different work pieces, as well as on packages with color printing are increasingly being displaced by laser color marking. Colored marking of stainless steel could be realized by the process annealing. The advantages offered by the new technology are in greater accuracy, speed, flexibility and high amount of recorded information per unit area (bar and matrix codes). In the report are discussed and analyzed the factors influencing on the specific to the process of laser color marking at the products of CrNi steel. The study was conducted using a commercially available industrial pulsed fiber laser. Presents the results of the measurements and analysis of the influence of laser process parameters on the color contrasting obtained. In this case, the relevant parameter, the field of high frequencies and low pulse energy were examined. The present thesis describes studies a properties of the laser radiation, such as, pulse width, average power, the intensity and beam diameter.
Influence of Pulse Energy on Contrast for Laser Marking of Samples of Steel 15Cr2
2017
Experimental studies have been conducted for the influence of pulse energy on the contrast of the laser marking. They refer to structural alloy steel 15Cr2 with industry wide application. A technological system for marking with fiber laser is used. The impulse energy and speed are changed in the experiments. Contrast dependence on pulse energy for two speeds was analyzed obtained and correspondent graphics were plotted. The results are analyzed and summarized. Working intervals of pulse energy for the studied speeds are determined.
Influence of Basic Parameters of the Laser Marking Process on Stainless Steel Samples
ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference
The role of basic quantities influencing the process of laser raster marking of AISI 304 stainless steel products using a fiber laser was investigated. Some dependencies were found when changing the contrast of the marking when changing the parameters in wide intervals. As the raster step increases, a non-linear decrease in contrast occurs as the rate of contrast decrease. Regarding the influence of the speed on the contrast, it was found that as the speed increases, the contrast of the marking decreases non-linearly, and as the step increases, the speed of the contrast decrease also increases. Above 20 kHz, the frequency has relatively little influence on the contrast, as with increasing frequency the contrast slowly increases and the dependence is almost linear. The effective energy is strongly influenced by the contrast. At effective energy values below 18 kJ/cm2 the contrast of the marking is insufficient for visual perception of a good quality marking, but in the interval from ...
The Change of Contrast is Investigation of 75 Steel Samples Laser Marked with Different Modes
ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference
The quality of the marked surfaces changes the optical characteristics. The aim of the study is to optimize the contrast in laser marking of Steel 75. The influence of the step in the raster marking and the influence of the repetition frequency of the pulses on the reflection coefficient were analysed. The experimental investigations of the reflectance were carried out using a spectrophotometer. For the marked samples, it was found that when directing electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the studied range, there are areas with absorption and reflection of light. The reflectance is plotted as a function of marking step and laser frequency for the marked Steel 75 samples.
Study of the Influence of Defocused Laser Marking Process by Melting on Samples of Steel
Contemporary Materials, 2015
The studies relate to the process of laser marking by melting on the samples of structural steel. The zone of Raleigh for fiber laser was determined. The theoretical dependences of the diameter of the working spot from defocusing and diameter of the radiation falling on the lens were received. Experiments were realized with 50G structural steel. The dependence of contrast of marking from defocusing for two power densities was determined. Working intervals were determined for studied magnitudes for visual perception of the marking.
Journal of Advances in Technology and Engineering Research, 2021
This review comprehensively covers the research accomplished in the ield of laser color marking process for various industrial applications. Laser color marking technology in recent years has been envisaged for numerous applications of all types of solid materials in a single step process. Likewise, the traditional laser marking process generally produces contrast marks which are often monochromatic. Therefore, there is more interest in color marking by laser processing for decoration and visual attraction in recent years. It is currently the most studied research to observe the effect of laser irradiation process parameters and external environmental factors on the formation of different colors on metals and non-metallic surfaces. This paper presents a detailed review of the recent advancement in laser coloring technologies. Furthermore, the process of laser color marking has been discussed based on the compatible parameters of the color mark and laser types. Moreover, the effect of laser processing parameters on microstructural features and the corresponding metallurgical defects encountered such as cracks and chemical composition are recapped. Finally, this article summarizes the present-day applications of the laser color marking technique used in many industrial sectors.
ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference
Today, methods for marking parts and components in industrial production are constantly improving, and they must meet several basic criteria for active traceability by consumers. The parameter that is of paramount importance for the quality of the marking is related to the contrast of the marked sign or QR code. To achieve optimal contrast, a number of technological factors and the functional relationships between them must be taken into account.The report examines the role of the number of repetitions on contrast in raster marking of HS6-5-2-5 tool steel products. The dependences of the number of repetitions on the speed and frequency are also taken into account - the main factors in the process of laser ablation. Graphs of the depth of the marking are drawn depending on the number of repetitions and the linear density of the pulses. The experiments were made with a fiber laser. By the performed analyses the working intervals of processing between the studied factors are deduced, a...
Influence of the Overlap Coefficient on the Contrast in Laser Marking of C110W Steel
ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, 2021
The laser marking process by melting samples of C110W carbon tool steel was studied. The experiments were performed with a fiber laser and a CuBr laser. A field of squares is marked in a raster method for different values of the overlap coefficient and power density. The contrast of the marking is determined on each marked square. From the obtained experimental data, graphs of the dependence of the contrast on the overlap coefficient for three power densities were drawn. The obtained results for the two lasers are compared and the influence of the wavelength is indirectly analysed. The working intervals of the overlap coefficient for the studied power densities for the two lasers at which the optimal contrast in the processing zone is obtained are determined.
IEEE Access, 2020
In this paper, utilizing the technology of color laser marking of stainless steel in industrial productions is investigated from the perspective of repeatability and stability of produced color markings. The color laser marking has remarkable advantages over conventional metal coloring methods; however, in order to implement this technology in industry, the reliability, stability and quality of resulting markings must be endorsed. For this purpose, an AISI 304 color palette made up of fifteen colors was evolved. The dependence of produced colors on different laser processing parameters were analyzed. Afterward, the produced colors were tested utilizing optical, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, and the configuration of oxide films was specified through Raman spectroscopy. The obtained colors had proper uniformity, brightness, and cover almost all spectral regions. Also, color standardization and palette repeatability test were performed by assessing and evaluating the reflectance spectra of the formed colors. The color palette demonstrated high repeatability for all colors except for one specific color. Moreover, the stability of color markings in terms of environmental, mechanical and chemical resistance was investigated. The resulting colors showed high resistance in most of the environmental conditions; however, exposure to very high temperatures and extreme humidity (100°C, 90%) and low temperature and extreme humidity (-40°C, 90%) leads to deterioration of few colors. Color marks showed high hardness and excellent mechanical stability to external impacts and outstanding resistance to various chemicals, excluding acidic solutions and salts.