Ingestion of Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia salina nauplii by mud crab Scylla serrata larvae (original) (raw)
Related papers
Aquaculture Reports, 2019
This study aims to compare the rearing of purple mub crab, Scylla tranquebarica larvae with different feeding regimes. This study consisted of two treatments, namely Treatment A (rearing of mud crab larvae without artificial feed) and Treatment B (rearing of mub crab larvae with artificial feed starting at Zoea 3 to the crablet stage) each with three replications. The rearing tanks used from Zoea 1 to Megalopa (M) stages were cylindrical fiberglass tanks with 0.65 m in the diameter and 200-250 liter volume. Each tank was stocked with newly hatched larvae at a density of 50 larvae L −1. The results showed that Treatment A had better survival rate (from Zoea 1 to crablet) and crablet production namely 0.51% and 138 respectively compared with Treatment B namely 0.27% and 121 respectively but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). Although the survival rate on Treatment B was lower but the percentage of megalopa stage appearance and the Larval Stage Index value on 18-20 days after hatching of Treatment B were higher than Treatment A. Based on the results of this present study, rearing of Zoea 3 to Zoea 5 and M is still sufficient by using only enriched Artemia nauplii (with High Unsaturated Fatty Acid (HUFA) as much as 80 ppm). For the rearing of larval Zoea 5 and M to crablet, besides fed with Artemia nauplii can also be fed with additional feed in the form of fresh feed (shredded shrimp meat) or artificial feed that used in shrimp post larval rearing.
Aquaculture, 2004
This paper reports on experiments to determine particle size preference and optimal ration for the various larval stages of the mud crab, Scylla serrata, fed microbound diets (MBD). All experiments used 14 C-labelled rotifers as components of MBD, and ingestion was determined by assessing the 14 C content of S. serrata larvae after feeding on the MBD. Five size ranges of MBD ( < 150, 150 -250, 250 -400, 400 -600 and 600 -800 Am) were used to assess ingestion by Zoea I, Zoea III, Zoea V and Megalopa. All were fed a ration equivalent to twice the equivalent dry weight of live foods provided to each larval stage under standard rearing conditions (standard ration). MBD particle size preference increased with increasing larval development. Highest ingestion rates by Zoea I, Zoea III, Zoea V and Megalopa were found for particle size ranges of < 150, 150 -250, 250 -400 and 400 -600 Am, respectively. MBD within these particle size ranges were used in subsequent experiments to assessed optimum rations for each of the four larval stages. Larvae were fed rations based on multiples or fractions of the standard ration (100%): 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100%, 200% and 300%. There were no significant increases in ingestion, for any of the four larval stages, when ration was increased above 100%. For Zoea I, Zoea III and Zoea V larvae, there was no significant difference in the rate of MBD ingestion when ration was reduced to 50%; however, a 25% ration brought about a significant decrease in ingestion. There was no significant decrease in the rate of ingestion by Megalopa when ration was reduced from 100% to either 50%, 25% or 12.5%. The results suggest that rations currently used for larval rearing of S. serrata may be excessive. Little is currently known of the feeding behaviour and nutritional requirements of S. serrata larvae, and the results of this study are a significant development in this field. D
Use of microbound diets for larval culture of the mud crab, Scylla serrata
Aquaculture, 2006
Routine commercial production of mud crab seed is currently restricted by our limited understanding of the nutritional requirements of Scylla spp. as well as problems commonly associated with the live foods used in mud crab hatcheries. This study investigated the use of microbound diet (MBD) particles as a food source for megalopa and zoea III stage larvae of Scylla serrata. In the first experiment, the nutritional value of four MBD containing dried rotifers, Artemia meal, fish meal or squid meal were evaluated for megalopa reared individually in 250-ml aquaria. Survival of MBD-fed megalopa to the first crab stage ranged from 46.7% to 60.0% with those fed MBD containing fish meal or squid meal showing higher survival than those fed MBD containing Artemia meal or dried rotifers. Larvae fed live Artemia showed the highest survival (80%), while unfed megalopa did not survive to the first crab stage. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the average time required for megalopa to reach the first crab stage when fed any of the four MBD. However, shortest development time was recorded for larvae fed live Artemia. In a second experiment, zoea III larvae were cultured communally at a density of 25 larvae l − 1 and were fed either 100% live Artemia nauplii, 100% MBD or a 50%:50% combination of MBD and Artemia. Highest survival (66%) and development rate to the zoea IV stage were recorded for larvae fed the 50%:50% combination of MBD and Artemia. Some successful molts were also found among larvae fed MBD exclusively, while total mortality was observed in unfed (control) replicates. The results indicate that the experimental MBD may contain certain beneficial nutrients lacking in Artemia and that co-feeding the MBD with Artemia may enhance larval survival and development. However, they also show that total replacement of live food with the experimental MBD will result in poor survival of zoea III larvae of S. serrata. The results indicate great potential for the use of MBD particles as dietary components for both zoea and megalopa stages of S. serrata. These findings have important implications for the eventual development of cost-effective and reliable hatchery techniques for mud crabs.
Fisheries …, 2002
Two experiments were conducted to determine a suitable feeding schedule and the optimal density of Artemia nauplii on the survival and development of mud crab Scylla serrata larvae. The first experiment consisted of 10 treatments, where rotifers were shifted to Artemia nauplii at the zoea (Z) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 stages. Five other treatments were similar to these first five; however, rotifers were continuously added together with Artemia nauplii. The second experiment consisted of five treatments that were carried out to determine the optimal Artemia nauplii density. Four treatments fed different Artemia densities (0.5, 1, 1.5, 4 individuals (ind.)/mL) and in the fifth treatment the density of Artemia nauplii was increased with the developing zoeal stage. The survival rate until the Z5 stage was higher when Artemia were supplied from the Z3 stage (P < 0.05). Mortality caused by cannibalism was observed either when Artemia feeding was delayed or when fed at a low density (0.5 ind./mL). In contrast, feeding Artemia from the early zoeal stage or at a high prey density (4 ind./mL) accelerated metamorphosis and caused the acceleration of morphological characteristics, such as a greater chela length, carapace length and setae bearing pleopods at the Z5 stage. The chela length at the Z5 stage decreased proportionally with the delay of Artemia feeding or a decreasing prey density. The chela to carapace length ratio (ChL/CL ratio,%) could be used as an indicator to predict the success of survival to megalops. A ChL/CL ratio over 45% produced a high percentage of megalopal molting failure. Therefore, to avoid cannibalism or excessive feeding in the larval mud crab, Artemia should be given from the Z3 stage at an optimal level of 1.5 ind./mL or increasing density according to the zoeal stage.
World, 2011
Numbers of trials were conducted to determine the ingestion rate of live prey by Portunus pelagicus zoea larvae, at each zoeal stage one larvae was reared individually in 50mL centrifuge tube with Artemia, rotifers and both as a co-feed. The average number of ingested live prey over 24 h was measured. Each treatment group was inoculated with live prey as Artemia only (AO), rotifer only (RO) and Artemia + rotifer (AR) at density of 30 individual tubesG , 60 individual tubesG and 30 individual tubesG + 60 individual tubesG respectively. The 1 1 1 1 study shows that the individual P. pelagicus larvae ingested more rotifer after 24 hours during the initial zoeal stage as compared to the late zoeal stage with mean ingestion rate ranges of 32 individual, 32 individual, 30 individual and 28 individual for Zoea 1, Zoea 2, Zoea 3 and Zoea 4 stages respectively. The study conclude that the individual P. pelagicus larvae ingested more Artemia after 24 hours during the late zoeal stage as compared to the initial zoeal stage with mean ingestion rate ranges of 3 individual, 3 individual, 5 individual and 6 individual for Zoea 1, Zoea 2, Zoea 3 and Zoea 4 stages respectively. Based on results, further experiments should be done to illuminate the effect of prey density on the survival and larval development when larvae are reared in large quantity.
Aquaculture, 2009
This article presents an overview of recent progress on the nutrition of Scylla serrata larva and its implications in feed formulation. Recently published results of dietary trials with S. serrata larvae have helped build a basic framework of knowledge concerning the dietary requirements of this species, and these advances will undoubtedly upgrade hatchery production which traditionally has depended heavily on live food such as rotifers and Artemia nauplii. However, many aspects of larvae mud crab nutrition is still not fully understood and further studies are required in order to develop an optimized diet. The purpose of this review is to summarize the information that has been published to date, and to highlight areas where more research is needed. Key subjects are assessed under the following major headings; problems associated with use of live food in larval culture; development of a formulated diet for hatchery production of S. serrata larvae; and nutritional requirements for protein, lipid and carbohydrates.
Growth and development of Atlantic mud crab larvae fed natural Zooplankton prey
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 1994
Atlantic mud crab larvae (Panopeus herb&' H. Milne Edwards) were fed either brine-shrimp nauplii or natural zooplankton in the laboratory and in large, field-deployed enclosures. Larvae developed fastest in 1440-1, field-deployed enclosures. By 9 days post hatching, more than 90", of the enclosure larvae had reached zoea Stage IV compared to only 507~ of the larvae that were fed brine shrimp in small bowls. Larvae fed natural zooplankton in either 40-l tanks developed more slowly and were still in zoea Stage II after 9 days. Larvae that were fed natural zooplankton in small bowls lost weight during the course of the experiment. Even though larvae developed most rapidly in field-deployed enclosures, there was no significant difference between the rate of dry-weight growth of larvae fed brine shrimp in 50-ml bowls and larvae fed natural zooplankton in enclosures. The greater stage-specific dry weight of larvae fed brine shrimp may have been related to the relative energy content of the two diets, while differences in the rates of development may have been related to the respective spatial scales of the different culture techniques. Die1 cycles in temperature within the enclosures may have also had an effect on the rate of development.
Aquaculture, 2004
As an important step toward development of a formulated diet for hatchery culture of the mud crab, Scylla serrata, this paper reports on laboratory experiments to assess the potential of a microbound diet (MBD) as a replacement for Artemia nauplii fed to megalopal larvae of S. serrata. The effects of different proportions of dietary MBD and Artemia on survival and moulting success of megalopa to the crab stage were investigated. In the first experiment, megalopae were reared communally and fed either 100% MBD, 100% Artemia or different combinations of the two (75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75%). The experiment was terminated when all larvae had either metamorphosed or died. Larvae fed a combination of 25% MBD and 75% Artemia consistently showed the highest survival among all treatments throughout the experiment. Survival of larvae fed 100% MBD was the lowest early in the experiment but improved to become the second highest toward the end of the culture period. Overall survival of larvae fed 100% MBD did not differ significantly from that of larvae fed 100% Artemia. Moulting to the crab stage began on day 7 for larvae in the treatment receiving a 50%:50% combination of MBD and Artemia. On day 8, all larvae in treatments receiving greater than 25% MBD had some first stage crabs. Larvae fed Artemia only were the last to moult to the juvenile crab stage, but moulting occurred simultaneously on day 10. Because of cannibalism observed in the first experiment, a second experiment was conducted where megalopae were reared individually and fed either 100% Artemia or 100% MBD. Ninety percent of larvae from both treatments successfully moulted to the crab stage. Again, megalopae fed MBD began moulting 1 day ahead of those fed Artemia. The results of these studies show that the MBD used contained all necessary nutrients to sustain successful moulting of S. serrata megalopae to the 0044-8486/$ -see front matter D Aquaculture 236 (2004) 497 -509 crab stage. The acceptability of MBD by S. serrata larvae suggests significant potential for using the MBD in future experiments to investigate larval nutritional requirements of this commercially important crab species. Indeed, the more rapid moulting of larvae fed MBD in both experiments suggests that the MBD may have contained certain beneficial nutrients that were not provided by Artemia alone. The fact that no significant differences in survival between megalopae fed 100% MBD and those fed 100% Artemia in both communal and individual rearing experiments suggests that total replacement of Artemia with MBD is possible for S. serrata megalopae. This could result in substantial savings in operating costs for S. serrata hatcheries.
Quality assessment of newly hatched mud crab, Scylla serrata , larvae
Aquaculture Research, 2017
Starvation and exposure to formalin were investigated as possible stress tests for evaluating the quality of mud crab, Scylla serrata, larvae. For the starvation stress test, newly hatched zoeae stocked in 150-ml containers were either starved or fed rotifers. Similarly, newly hatched zoeae were stocked in containers with seawater of 0 (control), 20, 30 and 40 mg/L formalin for the formalin stress test. The zoeae