The volume of infusion fluids correlates with treatment outcomes in critically ill trauma patients (original) (raw)
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Injury, 2017
Liberal late fluid management (LFM) is associated with higher morbi-mortality in critically ill populations. The aim of the study was to assess the association between LFM and duration of mechanical ventilation in a severe trauma population. A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with an ISS≥16 and a length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU)≥7 days was performed. The conservative LFM group included patients with at least 2 consecutive days with a negative fluid balance between day 3 and day 7; other patients were allocated to the liberal LFM group. 294 severely injured patients were included, 157 (53%) as conservative LFM and 137 (47%) as liberal LFM. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of baseline characteristics, severe injuries, severity criteria or transfusion needs. Liberal LFM was significantly associated with more ventilation days (11 vs 8.5days; P=0.02), less ventilator-free days at day 30 (19 vs 21days; P=0.03), longer ICU stay (19 vs 16days; P=...
Prehospital intravenous fluid is associated with increased survival in trauma patients
Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 2013
Background-Delivery of intravenous crystalloid fluids (IVF) remains a tradition-based priority during pre-hospital resuscitation of trauma patients. Hypotensive and targeted resuscitation algorithms have been shown to improve patient outcomes. We hypothesized that receiving any pre-hospital IVF is associated with increased survival in trauma patients compared to receiving no pre-hospital IVF. Methods-Prospective data from ten Level 1 trauma centers were collected. Patient demographics, pre-hospital IVF volume, pre-hospital and Emergency Department vital signs, lifesaving interventions, laboratory values, outcomes and complications were collected and analyzed. Patients who did or did not receive pre-hospital IVF were compared. Tests for non-parametric data were utilized to assess significant differences between groups (p ≤ 0.05). Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the independent influence of IVF on outcome and complications. Results-The study population consisted of 1245 trauma patients; 45 were removed due to incomplete data; 84% (n=1009) received pre-hospital IVF, and 16% (n=191) did not. There was no difference between the groups with respect to gender, age, and Injury Severity Score. The onscene systolic blood pressure (SBP) was lower in the IVF group (110 vs. 100 mmHg, p<0.04) and did not change significantly after IVF, measured at ED admission (110 vs. 105 mmHg, p=0.05). Hematocrit/hemoglobin, fibrinogen, and platelets were lower (p<0.05), and Prothrombin Time/ International Normalized Ratio and Partial Thromboplastin Time were higher (p<0.001) in the IVF group. The IVF group received a median fluid volume of 700ml (IQR: 300-1300). The Cox regression revealed that pre-hospital fluid administration was associated with increased survival, Hazard Ratio: 0.84 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.72, 0.98; p=0.03). Site differences in ISS and fluid volumes were demonstrated (p<0.001). Conclusions-Pre-hospital IVF volumes commonly used by PROMMTT investigators do not result in increased SBP but are associated with decreased in-hospital mortality in trauma patients compared to patients who did not receive pre-hospital IVF.
Journal of Critical Care, 2015
Purpose-Management of fluid status in critically ill patients poses a significant challenge due to limited literature. This study aimed to determine the impact of late fluid balance management following initial adequate fluid resuscitation on in-hospital mortality for critically ill surgical and trauma patients. Materials and Methods-This single center retrospective cohort study included 197 patients who underwent surgical procedure within 24 hours of surgical intensive care unit (SICU) admission. Patients with high fluid balance on post-operative day 7 (>5L) were compared to those with a low fluid balance (≤5L) with a primary endpoint of in-hospital mortality. Subgroup analyses were performed based on diuretic administration, diuretic response and type of surgery. Results-High fluid balance was associated with a significantly higher in-hospital mortality (30.2 vs 3%, p<0.001) compared to low fluid balance; this relationship remained after multivariable regression analysis. High fluid balance was associated with increased mortality, independent of diuretic administration, diuretic response and type of surgery. Conclusions-Consistent with previous literature, high fluid balance on post-operative day 7 was associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Patients who received and responded to diuretic therapy did not demonstrate improved clinical outcomes which questions their use in the post-operative period.
Analysis of fluid resuscitation in critically injured patients—A central role of saline solutions
Journal of Acute Medicine, 2016
Objective: Multiple injury patients are mostly in the productive age group and are at high risk of dying by exsanguination. In this study, the focus was set on fluid resuscitation, death, and outcome of critically injured patients. Methods: In total, 2956 patients were included in this sample. The inclusion criteria were age 16 years and injury severity score 16. The sample was divided into groups of patients who died within 72 hours of injury and those who survived. Differences between the groups were measured by analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test for parametric data. Independent predictors were analyzed by logistic regression, and the predictive quality was analyzed by receiver operating curves. The given volumina were normalized according the Trauma Score-Injury Severity Score of each patient. All analyses were performed using SPSS. Results: The binary logistic regression revealed the given amount of saline solutions and colloids within the first 48 hours as independent predictors of survival (p < 0.001, p = 0.003). The receiver operating curves revealed that the area under the curve increased as a function of time, and after 48 hours it was 0.825 for saline solutions and 0.702 for colloids for survival. Conclusion: Fluid resuscitation does not negatively influence survival; however, the amount of fluids given within the first 24 hours after trauma is an independent predictor of survival with very good predictive quality.
Journal of Critical Care, 2014
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the volume of intravenous (IV) fluids administered in the resuscitative phase of severe sepsis and septic shock and the development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Materials and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted with severe sepsis and septic shock at a large academic public hospital. The relationship between the volume of IV fluids administered and the development of ARDS was examined using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Among 296 patients hospitalized for severe sepsis and septic shock, 75 (25.3%) developed ARDS. After controlling for confounding variables, there was no significant association between the volume of IV fluids administered in the first 24 hours of hospitalization and the development of ARDS (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-1.18). Serum albumin (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31-0.87) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04-1.13) on admission were the most informative covariates for the development of ARDS in the regression model. Conclusions: For patients hospitalized for severe sepsis and septic shock, fluid administration to improve endorgan perfusion should remain the top priority in early resuscitation despite the potential risk of inducing ARDS.
Effects of Intravenous Fluid Therapy on Clinical and Biochemical Parameters of Trauma Patients
SBMU publishing, 2014
Introduction: The administration of crystalloid fluids is considered as the first line treatment in management of trauma patients. Infusion of intravenous fluids leads to various changes in hemodynamic, metabolic and coagulation profiles of these patients. The present study attempted to survey some of these changes in patients with mild severity trauma following normal saline infusion. Methods: This study comprised 84 trauma patients with injury of mild severity in Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, during 2010-2011. The coagulation and metabolic values of each patient were measured before and one and six hours after infusion of one liter normal saline. Then, the values of mentioned parameters on one and six hours after infusion were compared with baseline measures using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Eighty four patients included in the present study (76% male). Hemoglobin (Hb) (df: 2; F=32.7; p<0.001), hematocrit (Hct) (df: 2; F=30.7; p<0.001), white blood cells (WBC) (df: 2; F=10.6; p<0.001), and platelet count (df: 2; F=4.5; p=0.01) showed the decreasing pattern following infusion of one liter of normal saline. Coagulation markers were not affected during the time of study (p>0.05). The values of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) showed statistically significant decreasing pattern (df: 2; F=5.6; p=0.007). Pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) (df: 2; F=6.4; p=0.002), bicarbonate (HCO3) (df: 2; F=7.0; p=0.001), and base excess (BE) (df: 2; F=3.3; p=0.04) values showed a significant deteriorating changes following hydration therapy. Conclusion: It seems that, the infusion of one liter normal saline during one hour will cause a statistically significant decrease in Hb, Hct, WBC, platelet, BUN, BE, HCO3, and PCO2 in trauma patients with mild severity of injury and stable condition. The changes in, coagulation profiles, pH, PvO2, and electrolytes were not statistically remarkable.
Fluid resuscitation of trauma patients: how fast is the optimal rate?
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2005
The Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines recommend an initial rapid infusion of fluid (1-2 L) in trauma and hemorrhage victims as a diagnostic procedure to aid treatment decisions. Although patient response to initial fluid resuscitation is the key to determining therapeutic strategies, the appropriate rate of infusion is not clearly defined. Ninety-nine adult (age N16 years) blunt trauma victims with hypotension were enrolled. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to hemodynamic state after initial fluid resuscitation and requirement of surgical intervention. Total volume and rate of infusion differed significantly between the groups ( P b .05). Patients requiring fluid administration at higher rate were all hemodynamically unstable and required immediate surgical intervention. Moreover, rate of infusion was the best predictor of the patients who required immediate surgical intervention. Moderate fluid infusion rate should be considered to allow identification of the patient's response to initial fluid resuscitation. D
Journal of Critical Care, 2018
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the mortality risk in severe sepsis and septic shock with a low and high fluid volume/balance. Methods: Cohort studies that compared the mortality of patients with low or high fluid volume/balance were included. Electronic databases: PubMed/Medline PLUS, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Patient mortality at the longest follow-up was the primary outcome measure. The data were analyzed using STATA 14 statistical software. Results: The current study included fifteen studies with 31,443 severe sepsis and/or septic shock patients. Patients with a high fluid balance have a 70% increased risk of mortality (pooled RR: 1.70; CI: 1.20, 2.41; P=0.003). Survivors of severe sepsis and/or septic shock received higher fluid volume in the first three hours. However, fluid volume administered in the first 24 hours was higher for non-survivors. Low volume resuscitation in the first 24 hours had a significant mortality reduction (P=0.02). Conclusion: High fluid balance from the first 24 hours to ICU discharge increases the risk of mortality in severe sepsis and/or septic shock. However, randomized clinical trials should be conducted to resolve the dilemma of fluid resuscitation.
BMJ open, 2018
We investigated how often intravenous fluids have been delivered during physician-led prehospital treatment of patients with hypotensive trauma in the UK and which fluids were given. These data were used to estimate the potential national requirement for prehospital blood products (PHBP) if evidence from ongoing trials were to report clinical superiority. The Regional Exploration of Standard Care during Evacuation Resuscitation (RESCUER) retrospective observational study was a collaboration between 11 UK air ambulance services. Each was invited to provide up to 5 years of data and total number of taskings during the same period. Patients with hypotensive trauma (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg or absent radial pulse) attended by a doctor. The primary outcome was the number of patients with hypotensive trauma given prehospital fluids. Secondary outcomes were types and volumes of fluids. These data were combined with published data to estimate potential national eligibility for P...