Distributional patterns of Neotropical seasonally dry forest birds: a biogeographical regionalization (original) (raw)
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Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2021
We analysed the phylogeographic structure of five resident bird lineages distributed in the seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) of Mesoamerica to test whether they show patterns of synchronous and geographically coincident genetic divergence during the Quaternary. We generated phylogenetic trees, estimated divergence times and analysed the genetic structure of populations (based on sequences of mitochondrial genes), as well as estimating historical distributions (range extension and areas of long-term climate stability) during the Late Pleistocene. We tested and selected the phylogeographic divergence scenarios that best explain the current divergence patterns of taxa using the Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) approach. For most species, phylogenetic trees and haplotype networks showed a clear genetic structure associated with geographical distribution. Overall, the divergence times ranged from 0.29–2.0 Mya, suggesting that diversification of populations occurred at differe...
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2009
By combining distributions and phylogenies for large groups of birds, it is now possible to disentangle the relative roles of contemporary ecology and history in explaining the distribution of biodiversity on earth. In South America, avian lineages, which represent radiations during the warm parts of the Tertiary, are best represented in the tropical lowlands and Andean forelands. During the upper Tertiary, diversification was most intense in the tropical Andes region, with recruitment back into the tropical lowlands and into South America's open biomes. Within the tropical Andes, endemism (mean inverse range size) and mean branch length (number of phylogenetic nodes on lineages) increase from the foothills up to the tree line and then decline again in the barren highlands, suggesting that the tree-line zone plays a special role in the diversification process. The resulting endemism is locally aggregated, often with marked peaks in areas immediately adjacent to ancient population centers. Thus, the process of evolution of new species is linked with local factors that, over a shorter time perspective, were also favorable for people. If we want to maintain the process of diversification, it becomes essential to supplement the traditional approach of preserving biodiversity in wilderness areas with few people with efforts to support sustainable development in populated areas.
Distributional patterns of the Neotropical humid montane forest avifaunas
The study of biogeographical patterns of the Neotropical humid montane forest avifauna has been prevented due to the lack of phylogenetic hypotheses for most taxa, and to the paucity of detailed studies about the geographical distribution for most of the species. Distributional patterns of this avifauna were explored by integrating predictive distributional models and Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE). Distributional maps were generated using the Genetic Algorithms for Rule Set Prediction for 442 species; this information was transformed into a data matrix for analysis with PAE. Hierarchical information corresponding to the genus level was incorporated to help resolve the relationships between areas. A strict consensus cladogram showed a clear separation between the Mesoamerican and South American avifaunas. Within the Mesoamerican clade, three geographically structured groups were obtained, whereas the South American clade showed a polytomy of three groups, with two of them, the South Andean Yungas and the Tepuis, located outside the main clade. The third group is a well resolved clade, including areas from eastern Panama and northern Venezuela to central Bolivia. Area relationships suggest a mixed history of dispersal and vicariant events, with the latter being the most important for explaining the biogeographical patterns found.
Ornitologia Neotropical, 2012
Resumo. -Uma abordagem integrada da história biogeográfica da avifauna Neotropical de terras baixas: combinando padrões de diversificação e evolução da paisagem. -A importância da evolução da paisagem como agente causador da diversificacão biológica na região Neotropical é conhecida há tempo, mas mecanismos comuns até hoje não foram revelados. Sugerimos que três fatores principais contribuem para essa ausência de consenso: (i) pouco conhecimento da história da Terra, (ii) problemas com o teste de hipóteses de diversificação, e (iii) representação incompleta da diversidade pela taxonomia atual. Portanto, para estudar padrões de diversificacão alguns passos básicos têm que ser observados: (i) as unidades evolutivas têm que ser identificadas através de revisões taxonômicas, (ii) padrões de diversificacão precisam ser correlacionados a informações recentes sobre a história da Terra e (iii) hipóteses precisam ser avaliadas em relação a predições diretas e não ambíguas derivadas de cenários históricos alternativos. Neste artigo mostramos como estudos que amostram todas as unidades evolutivas e utilizam abordagens integrativas que combinam análise da diversificacão com dados detalhados sobre a história da Terra podem fornecer novas perspectivas sobre o papel dos fatores históricos na diversificação de organismos Neotropicais. Os resultados apresentados mostram que tanto mudanças paleoclimáticas quanto paleogeográficas podem ter sido importantes na diversificação de grupos de aves Neotropicais de terras baixas durante e antes do Pleistoceno.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2017
The Atlantic Forest is separated from the Andean tropical forest by dry and open vegetation biomes (Chaco and Cerrado). Despite this isolation, both rainforests share closely related lineages, which suggest a past connection. This connection could have been important for forest taxa evolution. In this study, we used the Saffron-billed Sparrow (Arremon flavirostris) as a model to evaluate whether the Andean and the Atlantic forests act as a refugia system, as well as to test for a history of biogeographic connection between them. In addition, we evaluated the molecular systematic of intraspecific lineages of the studied species. We modeled the current and past distribution of A. flavirostris, performed phylogeographic analyses based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes, and used Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) analyses to test for biogeographic scenarios. The major phylogeographic disjunction within A. flavirostris was found between the Andean and the Atlantic forests, with a divergence that occurred during the Mid-Pleistocene. Our paleodistribution models indicated a connection between these forest domains in different periods and through both the Chaco and Cerrado. Additionally, the phylogeographic and ABC analyses supported that the Cerrado was the main route of connection between these rainforests, but without giving decisive evidence against a Chaco connection. Our study with A. flavirostris suggest that the biodiversity of the Andean and of the Atlantic forests could have been impacted (and perhaps enriched?) by cycles of connections through the Cerrado and Chaco. This recurrent cycle of connection between the Andean and the Atlantic Forest could have been important for the evolution of Neotropical forest taxa. In addition, we discussed taxonomic implications of the results and proposed to split the studied taxon into two full species.
Background Mesoamerica is a remarkable region with a high geological and ecological complexity. Within northern Mesoamerica, the biotic province of the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) in western Mexico harbors exceptionally high avian endemism and diversity. Herein, we searched for spatially and temporally concordant phylogeographic patterns, in four bird genera from three distinct avian orders co-distributed across Mesoamerica and investigated their causes through hypothesis testing regarding historical processes. Selected species include endemic and differentiated populations across the montane forests of Mesoamerica, and particularly within the SMS. Results We gathered mitochondrial DNA sequences for at least one locus from 177 individuals across all species. We assessed genetic structure, demographic history, and defined a framework for the coalescent simulations used in biogeographic hypothesis testing temporal and spatial co-variance. Our analyses suggested shared phylogeographic b...
Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 2012
Supplementary information. Species list considered in the analysis TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE Crypturellus occidentalis Crypturellus cinnamomeus ANSERIFORMES ANATIDAE Dendrocygna autumnalis Dendrocygna bicolor Cairina moschata Anas diazi Anas cyanoptera Nomonyx dominicus GALLIFORMES CRACIDAE Ortalis vetula Ortalis wagleri Ortalis poliocephala Ortalis leucogastra Penelope purpurascens Penelopina nigra Crax rubra ODONTOPHORIDAE Callipepla squamata Callipepla douglasii Callipepla californica Callipepla gambelii Philortyx fasciatus Colinus cristatus Colinus godmani Colinus graysoni Colinus pectoralis Colinus virginianus Colinus ridgwayi Colinus coyolcos Colinus nigrogularis Dactylortyx thoracicus Cyrtonyx sallei Cyrtonyx montezumae Cyrtonyx ocellatus PHASIANIDAE Meleagris ocellata PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptus dominicus CICONIIFORMES CICONIIDAE Jabiru mycteria PELECANIFORMES ARDEIDAE Botaurus pinnatus Tigrisoma mexicanum Ardea alba Egretta thula Egretta tricolor Butorides virescens Nyctanassa violacea Cochlearius zeledoni ACCIPITRIFORMES CATHARTIDAE Coragyps atratus Cathartes aura Cathartes burrovianus Sarcoramphus papa ACCIPITRIDAE Leptodon cayanensis Chondrohierax uncinatus Gampsonyx swaisonii Elanus leucurus Rostrhamus sociabilis Harpagus bidentatus Ictinia plumbea Busarellus nigricollis Accipiter chionogaster Accipiter striatus Accipiter bicolor Accipiter cooperii Geranospiza nigra Leucopternis albicollis Asturina plagiata Buteogallus anthracinus Buteogallus subtilis Buteogallus urubitinga Parabuteo unicinctus Harpyhaliaetus solitarius Buteo magnirostris Buteo gracilis Buteo brachyurus Buteo albicaudatus Buteo jamaicensis Spizastur melanoleucus Spizaetus tyrannus Spizaetus ornatus FALCONIFORMES FALCONIDAE Caracara cheriway Micrastur ruficollis Micrastur semitorquatus Herpetotheres cachinnans Falco tropicalis Falco rufigularis GRUIFORMES RALLIDAE Laterallus ruber Rallus longirostris Rallus elegans Aramides cajanea Aramides axillaris Amaurolimnas concolor Porzana flaviventer Pardirallus maculatus Porphyrio martinicus HELIORNITHIDAE Heliornis fulica ARAMIDAE Aramus guarauna CHARADRIIFORMES BURHINIDAE Burhinus bistriatus CHARADRIIDAE Charadrius collaris Charadrius wilsonia JACANIDAE Jacana spinosa COLUMBIFORMES COLUMBIDAE Patagioenas cayennensis Patagioenas speciosa Patagioenas leucocephala Patagioenas flavirostris Patagioenas fasciata Patagioenas vioscae Patagioenas nigrirostris Zenaida aurita Zenaida graysoni Columbina inca Columbina passerina Columbina minuta Columbina talpacoti Claravis pretiosa Claravis mondetoura Leptotila verreauxi Leptotila plumbeiceps Leptotila jamaicensis Leptotila cassini Geotrygon albifacies Geotrygon lawrencii Geotrygon montana PSITTACIFORMES PSITTACIDAE Aratinga brewsteri Aratinga holochlora Aratinga rubritorquis Aratinga brevipes Aratinga strenua Aratinga astec
Biodiversity and biogeography of the avifauna of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2014
The Sierra Madre Occidental (SMOc) is located in the boundary between the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, area which has been considered as a complex transition zone. We analysed biogeographic patterns of its resident avifauna, including species richness, endemism, and biotic regionalization by analysing presence-absence matrices of 148 species of resident-terrestrial birds. We created the species richness maps by overlapping potential distribution maps obtained for each species via species distribution models (SDMs). To depict biogeographic patterns, we used strict consensus cladograms from parsimony analyses of endemicity (PAE) and phenograms from an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average clustering algorithm. The Pacific slope of the SMOc contains the highest species richness, decreasing towards the northeast, and reflected in endemic and endangered species richness patterns. The PAE resulted in one area of endemism represented by the whole SMOc, outlining a divided area in its Pacific slope. The cluster analyses divided the area into two. One group towards the Pacific slope, delimited by the mountain ridge and characterized by tropical vegetation types and Mexican-Mesoamerican affinities; the other group is located towards the east and northeast, characterized by arid and temperate types of vegetation and Nearctic affinities. These results evidence a transition from a tropical to a temperate composition of bird species. In this way the location for a boundary between the Nearctic and the transition zone, for birds in this part of Mexico, is restricted to these highest elevations.
Contrary to the long-held view that the uplift of the Andes spurred biotic diversification by causing vicariance across multiple lineages with formerly continuous distributions, recent work suggests that dispersal across the Andes occurring after major uplift episodes was a major driver of speciation in Neotropical birds, with the ability of lineages to persist and disperse in the landscape being strong predictors of speciation. However, where and when dispersal events across the Andes occurred is unknown, and the role of climatic fluctuations and associated shifts in vegetation in promoting cross-Andes dispersal at different moments remains to be studied. We used models of species potential distributions based on contemporary and historical climatic data to examine scenarios of cross-Andes dispersal by 41 species of Neotropical lowland birds with varying habitat affinities. Our results indicate that ecological connectivity favoring cross-Andes dispersal at the present is higher in low-lying passes across the Andes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru than in passes in Colombia, and this spatial pattern appears to have been consistent at four different moments over the past 130,000 years. We also found that although some areas may be presently unsuitable for the dispersal of birds across the Andes, under past climatic conditions (i.e. during cooler and drier periods) they were substantially more likely to allow for ecological connectivity of populations across the cordillera. No consistent differences were found in ecological connectivity across the Andes in the present nor in the past for species occupying different habitat types. We suggest that valleys in the Andes are major drivers of evolutionary diversification not only by isolating populations of montane species, but also by allowing episodic dispersal of lowland species. Our models allow us to make predictions about gene flow which may be assessed in future studies examining fine-grain patterns of genetic exchange with landscape genetics tools. Clima, asociaciones de hábitat y la distribución potencial de aves neotropicales: implicaciones para la diversificación a través de los Andes Resumen En contraste con la visión tradicional de que el levantamiento de los Andes impulsó la diversificación biótica causando vicarianza en varios grupos con distribuciones que antes eran continuas, investigaciones recientes sugieren que eventos de dispersión a través de los Andes sucedidos después de los principales episodios de levantamiento fueron catalizadores principales de la especiación en aves neotropicales, y que la habilidad de los linajes para persistir y dispersarse en el paisaje predice fuertemente los patrones de especiación. Sin embargo, se desconoce cuándo y dónde sucedieron dichos eventos de dispersión, y el papel de las fluctuaciones climáticas y el consecuente desplazamiento de la vegetación como promotores de la dispersión a través de los Andes en distintos momentos no ha sido estudiado. Empleamos modelos de la distribución potencial de especies basados en datos de clima actual e histórico para examinar escenarios de dispersión a través de los Andes en 41 especies de aves neotropicales de tierras bajas con diferentes afinidades de hábitat. Nuestros resultados indican que la conectividad ecológica que favorecería la dispersión a través de los Andes en el presente es mayor en pasos bajos de la cordillera del sur de Ecuador y el norte de Perú que en pasos bajos de Colombia, y este patrón espacial parece haberse mantenido en cuatro momentos diferentes de los últimos 130,000 años. También encontramos que aunque algunas áreas actualmente no serían propicias para la dispersión de las aves a través de los Andes, bajo condiciones climáticas del pasado (i.e. durante períodos más fríos y secos) presentaron condiciones climáticas sustancialmente más idóneas para permitir la conectividad ecológica de poblaciones a través de la cordillera. No encontramos diferencias consistentes en la conectividad ecológica presente y pasada a través de los Andes entre especies de diferentes tipos de hábitat. Sugerimos que los valles andinos impulsan la diversificación evolutiva