Volume 2 -Issue 7 July 2020 (original) (raw)
Related papers
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
Residues of various crops are considered nuisance but they can be helpful in increasing organic matter in soil and better cycling of nutrients in soil if managed properly. Better management and utilization of crop residues (CR) is necessary for better productivity and quality of crops. Sowing into loose residues is the major issue in adapting the drill sowing method. Apart from the higher quantity of rice (192.82 mt) and wheat residue (120.70 mt), the residue of sorghum, maize, barley, chickpea, groundnut, rapeseed, mustard, sugarcane trash, potato, soybean, sunflower and some other minor cereals also contribute substantially towards total amount of about 462.93 million tonnes in India in 1997-98. Three quarters of the total residue is produced by rice, wheat and oil seed crops with remaining quarter coming from sugarcane and sorghum. Crop residue is important component of low external input for sustainable agriculture without sacrificing productivity. The crop residues left behind ...
2020
India, as an agriculture-based country, produces more than 500 million tons of crop residues annually. There is a common practice, existing in various states of India, of stubble burning after the grain harvest from crops such as wheat, paddy etc., despite imposed Governmental restrictions over it. This is done over years by the farmers primarily to avoid he cost of clearing of the field from crop remnants. However, this leads to huge environmental pollution relating with increasing load of particulate matters and greenhouse gases in the air, that become instrumental to cause hazards to human and animal health, global warming and climate change. It also affects the soil health adversely, inducing direct loss of macroand micro-nutrients from soil and reducing soil microbial population and its diversity which are responsible for major route of nutrient transformation in soil. Recently, efforts are being made to develop techniques of using crop residues alternative to stubble burning, ...
Effect of Agriculture Crop Residue Burning on Environment and Soil Health
2018
There are 115 million operational holdings in the country and about 80 % are marginal and small farmers. To fulfill the basic needs of house hold including food, feed, fodder, fiber, etc. were an attention about bio intensive cropping system (BICS). Global warming and its consequences are amongst the most serious problems of the present century. Agricultural crop residue burning contribute towards the emission of greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, CH4), air pollutants (CO, NH3, NOx, SO2, NMHC), volatile organic compounds, particulates matter and smoke thereby posing threat to human health. Total amount of residue generated in 2008– 09 was 620 Mt out of which ~15.9% residue was burnt on farm. Rice straw contributed 40% of the total residue burnt followed by wheat straw (22%) and sugarcane trash (20%). Conservation agriculture and recommended management practices (RMPs) collectively are helpful to offset part of the emissions due to unscientific agricultural practices. An intensive agricultu...
Identifying Effective Solutions for Crop Residue Burning in North India: A Review
International Journal of Research in all Subjects in Multi Languages, 2021
Crop residue burning has become a significant environmental concern, posing health risks and contributing to global warming. Crop residues can be used in a variety of ways instead of being burned, such as compost with manure, rural roofing, bioenergy, beverage manufacturing, packaging materials, wood, paper, and bioethanol, and numerous industrial applications. Overall, this review article provides an understanding of the negative effects of crop residue mismanagement in India via stubble burning, as well as other more promising crop residue management approaches that, if widely implemented, could not only reduce crop residue management's environmental impacts, but also generate additional value for the agricultural sector.
Burning issues of paddy residue management in north-west states of India
Disposal of paddy residue has turn out to be a huge problem in north-west Indian states, resulting farmers prefer to burn the residues in-situ. Paddy residue management is of utmost important as it contains plant nutrients and improves the soil-plant-atmospheric continuum. Burning biomass not only pollutes environment and results in loss of appreciable amount of plant essential nutrients. The objectives of the review paper is to access the amount of residue generation, its utilization in-situ and ex-situ, emphasize harmful effects of residue burning on human health, soil health and environment of north-west states of India specially in Punjab and Haryana. This paper also discusses the possible strategies, financial and socio-economic evaluation of the paddy residue management technologies and accentuates the assessment of range of potential policy instruments which would offer avenues for sustainable agriculture and environment. Timely availability of conservation agriculture (CA) machinery is of utmost significance to manage the paddy residues in-situ. Collection and transportation of voluminous mass of paddy residue is cumbersome, therefore, ex-situ residue management is still not an economically viable option. The agricultural waste opens vivid options for its versatile usage and is possible if residue is collected and managed properly. It is a prerequisite for surplus residues to be used for CA. There is an urge to create awareness among farming communities to incline them to understand importance of crop residues in CA for sustainability and resilience of Indian agriculture.
Impact of Open Crop Residue Burning and Alternate Options for Mitigation: A Review
Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2019
Burning of crop residues in field include unavailability of labour, high cost in residue removing process and use of combined in rice-wheat cropping system especially in the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP). Primary crop types whose residues are typically burned include rice, wheat, maize, millet, sugarcane, jute, rapeseed-mustard and groundnut. Farmers in northwest India dispose a large part of rice straw by burning in situ. The 'rice-wheat cropping system' is the dominant cropping system in South Asia [1]. This system involves growing rice and wheat in rotation throughout the year where rice and wheat is either grown in the same plot in the same year or in different plots in the same year or in the same plot in different years.
A review on zero tillage as a sustainable approach for crop residue burning
Phogat M, Dahiya R, Sangwan PS and Aditya, 2020
The management of crop residues is extremely important because it contains plant nutrients and enhances the soil-plant-atmospheric continuum. Burning biomass not only pollutes the atmosphere, but also contributes to the loss of important essential plant nutrients. In northwest states of India, especially in Punjab and Haryana, the disposal of crop residues primarily paddy has turned out to be a huge problem, resulting in farmers preferring to burn the residues in-situ. There are adverse effects on human health, soil health and the atmosphere from the burning of crop residues. In order to maintain the crop/paddy residues in situ, the timely availability of conservation agriculture machinery is of greatest importance. The processing and transport of sufficient crop/paddy residue mass is tedious, so the management of exsitu residues is not yet an economically viable choice. For this vast dilemma, zero tillage is a promising solution. Agricultural waste opens up vibrant possibilities for its flexible use and can be used if residues are properly collected and handled. It is a requirement for zero tillage to be used for surplus residue. There is an urge to raise awareness among farming communities to enable them to understand the significance of zero tillage for crop residues to Indian agriculture's sustainability and resilience.
Crop Residues Management with Conservation Agriculture: Potential, Constraints and Policy Needs
India being an agriculture-dominant country produces more than 500 million tons of crop residues annually. These residues are used as animal feed, for thatching of homes, and as a source of domestic and industrial fuel. A large portion of unused crop residues are burnt in the fields primarily to clear the left-over straw and stubbles after the harvest. Nonavailability of labour, high cost of residue removal from the field and increasing use of combines in harvesting the crops are main reasons behind burning of crop residues in the fields. Burning of crop residues causes environmental pollution, is hazardous to human health, produces greenhouse gases causing global warming and results in loss of plant nutrients like N, P, K and S. Therefore, appropriate management of crop residues assumes a great significance. Recent research efforts have developed conservation agriculture-based crop management technologies which are more resource-efficient than the conventional practices. The conservation agriculture practices can make efficient use of crop residues. However, information about their use is scanty. This bulletin will fill the gap and will generate awareness about such technologies. The bulletin provides comprehensive information about the generation of crop residues every year in the country and the extent of their on-farm burning along with their environmental impacts. It is perhaps the first attempt in the country towards identification of the competing uses of crop residues and suggesting their management options gainfully. The bulletin has also mentioned the research and policy issues related to their safe and sustainable management at local and regional scales.