Effect of maternal deprivation on child development: A comparative study between orphanage and urban slum children in Odisha, India. (original) (raw)

From the Field Orphanage Improvement : An Important Part of the Child Protection Discussion

2013

The impact of investing in early childhood development is paramount for the development of any country (Heckman, 2000). It is imperative that institutions that are home to young children outside of parental care, arguably the most at risk population in early childhood, be part of any national plan for early childhood development. Defining the numbers of children who are orphaned or without permanent parents is a worldwide challenge because of the lack of a consistent definition of the status of these children, lack of documentation on these children and lack of resources to monitor these children and the care they receive. Approximately 88% of children labeled as “orphans” by international agencies have been found to have one living parent (Sherr, Varrall, Mueller, Richter, Wakhweya, Adato, & Desmond, 2008), but regardless these children are part of the child protection system.

Educational status of orphanages: A study in Kamrup Metro (Urban) District, Assam, (India)

International Journal of Social Relevance & Concern (IJSRC) ISSN-2347-9698, 2021

In common usage, a child (or a young animal) that has lost both parents is called an orphan. Deaths of parents bring major changes in the life of a child, making an orphan or vulnerable child (OVC). This unfortunate change may involve moving from a middle or upper class urban home to a poor rural relative’s home, separating from siblings and without due considerations of their needs, they could be admitted to an orphanage home/institution. The present study is to find out the educational status of orphans in terms of well equipped classrooms, up to date education system, teachers’ teaching in the orphan homes/orphanages fulfil their educational needs, children developing themselves for future, sufficient modern and scientific equipments for teaching, library facility for the children and availability of library books. Present study adopted survey method where questionnaire, interview and observation technique were used as tools. 50 (fifty) orphaned children of 5 (five) orphanages in Kamrup Metro (Urban) District, Assam (India) were the sample of the study using simple random sampling. Percentage and bar diagram were used for statistics technique. lt was found that most of the orphanages have well infrastructure, environment and good atmosphere which is most important in educating them. Secondly, the teachers as well as the fathers, mothers, caretakers, sisters are found to be of very friendly nature and they are very much helpful to the children at any time in fulfilling their dreams. This study has brought light to the various educational problems of the orphans which are of great importance as children are the builder of the nation and education should be the first priority.

Orphanages and Child Care Centers in Islamabad and Rawalpindi - How and Why Children Land There

The aim of this study has been to assess the reasons for the increased enrolment of children into orphanages and child care centres. An action research was conducted in Islamabad and Rawalpindi between November and December 2017 to assess the situation and identify the causes and circumstance that bring in and compel orphans and vulnerable children to move out after a certain age or grade. But the last bit does not apply to all the centres. Recent data shows that 4 out 5 children in CCCs are not double orphans, suggesting parent(s) are forced to send their children to CCCs largely because of unbearable poverty. Other reasons for this enrolment are access to education, parental caused either by natural disasters or for some other accidents, natural death or otherwise. Literature review also shows that admitting children in CCCs imprints adverse psychological, social, emotional and physical impacts on children’s personalities and behaviours. IDRAC has employed Quantitative and Qualitative research methodologies to acquire a holistic understanding of the causes and circumstance of the children themselves and the parents, those who are alive. Precisely, the methodology relies and attempts to draw results both from primary and secondary sources of information. It is essential to emphasize that gender dimensions have been carefully taken care of while designing and implementing the researching tools, and during interpretation of the findings. The qualitative and quantitative findings are corroborated with the ideas and insights learned through the literature review. Poverty, large family size and access to education are the three dominant reasons for the enrollment of children in CCCs and orphanages in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Parental physical or mental disability and other forms of vulnerabilities, especially of the father, also cause putting children into the centers . With increased population growth, unplanned and haphazard urbanization accompanying multiple social problems, more and more families are turning economically marginalized and threatened. The study recommends that programmes and interventions be devised at the family level as well as at the district administrative level to discourage enrolment of children in care. Parents and families need to be supported at the household and community level, through financial and technical support. Strengthening their capacity to take care of their children will reduce the tendency of enrolling them to the child centres and orphanages. Family planning need to be further intensified and new strategies be adopted while intervening both in rural and urban suburbs to reduce the sizes of the families. Social protection and social security measures be adopted to discourage the trend of the putting children into residential care. Availability and accessibility of education may also reduce the trend of enrolling the children into child care centers as seeking children’s education also emerged as one of the major causes of enrolling children in bid cities where education is compulsory part of raising these children along with food and shelter.

Evaluation of physical and mental health status of orphan children living in orphanages in Sonitpur district of Assam: a cross-sectional study

Background Orphan children living in orphanages are often neglected. These children's physical and mental health status are essential concerns as they are highly prone to malnourishment and psychosocial distress. We aim to evaluate the orphan children's physical and psychosocial status living in orphanages. Methods This study adopted a cross-sectional research design conducted with the children living in the orphanages using a pretested, predesigned schedule. Body Mass Index (BMI) for age and height were then determined using WHO standards. Thinness was defined as BMI for age below − 2 SD (Standard Deviation) and thinness as height for age below − 2 SD. The behavioural and mental status of the children of age 10–19 years were evaluated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-21) with a cut off value of SDQ score > 15 as the presence of emotional and behavioural distress. Results Almost 50% of orphans were in the age group of 10–14 years, 62.7% were females...

Health and Nutritional Status of Orphan Children’s Living in Orphanages with Special Reference to District Anantnag of Jammu and Kashmir

International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2016

The practice of placing deprived children having least or no emotional and material resources, in orphanages has since long been prevailing in socio -economically poor Asian countries. A sample of 30 children residing in orphanage in district Anantnag in the age group of 13-18 years was selected for the present study. Most of the children were found socially and psychologically disturbed. As per Indian Academy Paediatrics (IAP) classification with respect to weight for age the condition was not bad that as approximately 67% percent of the children were found to be normal. In the same way height for age as per Waterloo’s classification shown that more than half of the children were normal. On clinical examination approximately 47% of children were normal, while as rest were suffering from dispigmentation of hair, moon face, xerosis of skin cheilosis, magenta tongue, spongy bleeding gums, oedema, conjuctival xerosis, and mottled dental enamel. The findings indicated that nutritional i...

Causes and Circumstances of Children's Enrolment in Child Care Centers and Orphanages

The aim of this study has been to assess the reasons for the increased enrolment of children into orphanages and child care centres. An action research was conducted in Islamabad and Rawalpindi between November and December 2017 to assess the situation and identify the causes and circumstance that bring in and compel orphans and vulnerable children to move out after a certain age or grade. But the last bit does not apply to all the centres. Recent data shows that 4 out 5 children in CCCs are not double orphans, suggesting parent(s) are forced to send their children to CCCs largely because of unbearable poverty. Other reasons for this enrolment are access to education, parental caused either by natural disasters or for some other accidents, natural death or otherwise. Literature review also shows that admitting children in CCCs imprints adverse psychological, social, emotional and physical impacts on children’s personalities and behaviours. The study recommends that programmes and interventions be devised at the family level as well as at the district administrative level to discourage enrolment of children in care. Parents and families need to be supported at the household and community level, through financial and technical support. Strengthening their capacity to take care of their children will reduce the tendency of enrolling them to the child centres and orphanages. Family planning need to be further intensified and new strategies be adopted while intervening both in rural and urban suburbs to reduce the sizes of the families. Social protection and social security measures be adopted to discourage the trend of the putting children into residential care. Availability and accessibility of education may also reduce the trend of enrolling the children into child care centres as seeking children’s education also emerged as one of the major causes of enrolling children in bid cities where education is compulsory part of raising these children along with food and shelter.

Women empowerment through orphanage homes in India

Children whose biological parents are deceased or otherwise unable or unwilling to care for them are orphans. An orphanage is a residential institute devoted towards the care of orphans. Generally biological parents, or sometimes biological grandparents, are legally responsible for supporting children, but in the absence of these or other relatives willing to care for the children, they become orphan and become the responsibility of the state. The main objective of this research is to study the empowerment work which has been already be done and which is going on for the progress of orphan women in India. The study has been started with knowing how these orphan girls come to the orphanage homes and what kind of circumstances bring them to these shelter homes. There are millions of girl child who come into this plight picture and somehow living there lives under orphanages. The major role is played by these orphanage homes that provide them with proper living, food, education, healthcare and many more other things to bring them to better level. It is a positive sign that India is witnessing a steady rise in the number of volunteers working for the various orphanages in the country. In India, voluntary help is quite necessary in these orphanages